GIFT  or 
Alhin  Putzher 


GERMAN   VERBS: 
Primitives   and  Their  Compounds 

An  Alphabetical   List 

of 

the  Most  Important 

REGULAR  AND  IRREGULAR  VERBS 

of  the  German  Language 

With  an  Appendix  of  the  Common  Compound  Verbs 

used  in  the 

**  Conversational    Language" 
their  English  Translation,  Variation  of  Meaning,  etc. 

By 

Benno   Kirschbaum 

Founder  of  the  "  Kirschbaum  School  of  Languages  "  and  Bureau  of  Translation, 
Philadelphia 


Abridged  Edition 


Philadelphia : 

Benno   Kirschbaum 

1906 


•  •     •  • 

•  •• •  •  *  • 


It 


COFSTKIGHT,    I906,    BY    BeNNO  KIRSCHBAUM. 


'  r  q  ^'UJU,  ^ 


i^Rcss  or 

,   r.    PCLL    COMPANY 
PHILADELPHIA 


Hn  /IDemoriam 


Dem  Andenken  meines  Bruders 

ist  dieses  Buch  liebevoll 

gewidmet 


5672.4 


PREFACE. 


To  the  author's  knowledge  no  volume  of  a  similar  character  to  this 
book  of  "German  Verbs:  Primitives  and  Their  Compounds,"  exists 
to-day  in  the  vast  collection  of  text -books  and  dictionaries.  The  study 
of  the  German  verb  being  at  once  the  most  important  and  the  most  diffi- 
cult task  in  learning  the  language,  the  editor  has  had  three  chief  aims  in 
view  in  arranging  this  new  Hst :  (a)  To  afford  greater  f acihty  in  finding 
verbs  at  a  glance;  (b)  to  make  the  reading  and  the  study  of  German 
easier  by  giving  not  one  or  two  English  definitions,  but  all  the  essential 
equivalents,  as  well  as  different  shades  of  meaning;  (c)  to  offer  a  more 
systematic  arrangement  of  compound  verbs  than  has  hitherto  been  at- 
tempted, in  which  he  thinks  the  especial  value  of  the  book  is  to  be  found, 
thereby  grouping  emphasizing  relationships  and  distinctions  and  thus  fix- 
ing them  quickly  and  firmly  in  the  memory.  As  an  illustration  of  verbs 
frequently  confused  by  students,  differing  as  to  form  in  their  prefixes 
only,  yet  differing  widely  in  meaning,  may  be  mentioned  einbilden,  to 
imagine,  picture  something,  pretend,  and  ausbilden,  to  improve,  ac- 
complish, cultivate,  instruct;  dauern,  to  last,  continue,  and  bedauern, 
to  pity,  regret;  suchen,  to  seek,  search,  look  for,  and  versuchen,  to  at- 
tempt, try,  taste;  schenken,  to  present,  bestow,  accord,  and  einschenken, 
to  pour  in  or  out,  etc. 

The  book  contains  the  most  important  regular  and  irregular  verbs 
with  the  most  common  verb-compounds.  Attention  has  been  called  by 
markings  to  that  pecuHar  class  of  verbs  used  and  conjugated  both 
regularly  and  irregularly,  the  meaning  remaining  the  same  in  both  forms; 
as,  senden,  sendet^,  gesendet  and  senden,  sandte,  gesandt,  to  send;  and  to 
that  still  more  pecuHar  class,  the  meaning  of  which  changes  with  the 
form;  as,  wiegen,  wiegte,  gewiegt,  to  swing  or  rock,  and  wiegen,  wog, 
gewogen,  to  weigh. 

It  contains  in  its  long  list  the  most  important  verbs  only.  All  are 
given  alphabetically.  To  find  a  derivative  or  compound  verb,  the  reader 
must  look  for  the  primitive  verb  in  its  alphabetic  order.     To  furnish  a 


vi  Preface 


complete  list  of  all  German  verbs  and  their  compounds  and  the  verbs 
from  which  compounds  can  be  made  would  require  at  least  five  volumes 
each  one  double  the  size  of  this  book,  since  German  verbs  can  be  formed 
from  almost  any  noun,  adjective,  etc. 

The  terms  used  in  translating  them  are  founded  upon  the  best  au- 
thorities, as  the  most  modem  dictionaries  have  been  carefully  consulted. 
Certain  marks  employed  signify  whether  a  verb  is,  or  can  be  used  as,  a 
transitive,  intransitive,  reflexive,  or  impersonal;  whether  it  takes  the  ge^ 
tive,  the  dative  or  the  accusative;  whether  it  requires  sein  or  haben  W 
both  as  auxiliary,  and  whether  it  is  separable  or  inseparable.  Certain 
other  marks  designated  in  the  key  show  whether  the  irregular  verb 
changes  its  termination  in  the  present  of  the  indicative  and  the  impera- 
tive. 

The  verb-arrangement  is  independent  of  the  key.  Those  who  follow 
the  key — which  serves  merely  to  explain  the  grammatical  use  and  qual- 
ities of  the  verbs — and  the  notes,  will  find  many  useful  and  valuable 
hints  to  aid  them  whenever  in  doubt. 

The  past  tense  and  the  past  participle  are  given  with  primitive  verbs 
only,  as  the  past  tense  and  the  past  participle  of  the  primitive  part  of 
the  compound  remains  the  same.  There  being  no  potential  mood  in 
German,  the  English  subjunctive  proper  is  given  in  the  two  verb  tables 
at  the  end  of  the  book  as  the  equivalent  of  the  German  subjunctive. 
The  note  at  the  foot  of  each  table  calls  attention  to  the  latter's  use 
for  the  potential. 

There  not  being  a  uniform  orthography  throughout  the  German- 
speaking  world,  the  orthography  of  the  modern  daily  newspaper  has 
been  adopted,  not  too  conservative  as  to  the  old  nor  too  radical  in  the 
use  of  the  new  style  of  writing. 

In  order  to  fill  the  space  allotted  to  the  letter  A  in  the  list  of  irregular 
verbs  a  few  compound  verbs,  such  as  abbeissen,  abreissen,  etc.,  are  placed 
as  primitive  verbs;  each  of  them  will  be  found,  however,  under  its  respec- 
tive primitive. 

The  author  hopes  this  book  will  find  a  friendly  reception  wherever 
English  and  German  are  spoken  and  read  and  where  the  interest  in 
the  study  of  these  two  languages  is  growing,  and  that  it  may  be  always 
a  helpful  guide  whenever  it  is  consulted. 

Benno  Kirsc&baum. 


KEY. 

Verbs  marked  (*)  are  conjugated  with  sein,  the  other  verbs  take  haben. 

Verbs  marked  (*  tr.)  are  used  sometimes  with  haben  and  sometimes 
with  sein.  All  the  transitive  forms  of  the  verb  take 
haben  in  the  present  perfect  even  though  the  intran- 
sitive form  is  used  with  sein. 

Verbs  marked  (sep.)  are  separable  verbs,  the  other  prefixed  verbs  are 
inseparable. 

Verbs  marked  (f)  change  in  the  second  and  third  persons  indicative 
present  and  in  the  imperative. 

Verbs  marked  (refl.)  are  reflexive  verbs  or  may  be  used  as  such. 

Verbs  marked  (gen.)  take  the  genitive.  Verbs  with  the  genitive  are 
not  now  frequently  used. 

Verbs  marked  {dat.)  take  the  dative. 

Verbs  marked  (ace.)  take  the  accusative. 

Verbs  marked  (imp.)  are  impersonal  verbs. 

Verbs  marked  (ir.)  are  transitive  verbs. 

Verbs  marked  (intr.)  are  intransitive  verbs. 

Verbs  marked  (o.)  are  used  sometimes  mth  the  dative  and  sometimes 
with  the  accusative. 


NOTE. 

The  HEAVY  TYPED  verbs  are  primitive  verbs,  those  placed  below 
them  are  compound  verbs. 

The  preposition  to  before  a  verb  in  many  instances  is  omitted. 

Verbs  of  different  meanings  and  shades  of  meaning  are  divided  by  a  (;) 
in  the  English  text. 

For  verbs  which  cannot  be  found  here,  see  list  of  regular  verbs. 

For  suggestions  on  compoimd  verbs  and  hints  on  the  conjuga- 
tion of  verbs,  see  back  part  of  this  book. 

For  complete  table  of  irregular  and  regular  conjugations  in  the 
active  and  passive  voices,  indicative  and  subjimctive  moods, 
see  back  part  of  this  book. 

Verbs,  as  a  rule,  are  written  with  a  small  letter  in  German,  unless  they 
begin  a  sentence. 

For  the  qualities,  or  some  of  the  qualities  of  a  verb  not  found  under 
compoimd  verbs,  see  primitive  verb. 

The  auxiliary  verbs  and  also  the  modal  auxiliaries  are  given  both 
under  the  irregular  and  regular  verbs. 

Any  verb  not  found  in  its  alphabetic  order  should  be  looked  for  imder 
the  compound  verb  from  which  the  same  is  derived. 

The  past  tense  and  the  past  participle  are  given  in  this  book  with 
the  original  (primitive)  verb  only;  the  past  tense  and  the  past 
participle  of  the  compound  verb  remain  the  same  as  in  the  primi- 
tive verb. 

The  irregular  verbs  in  this  book  are  equivalent  to  the  so-called  strong 
verbs  and  the  regular  verbs  to  the  weak  verbs  as  found  in  the 
various  grammars  published  at  present. 

Certain  compound  verbs,  on  account  of  their  importance,  have  been 
inserted  not  only  under  their  primitive  verbs  from  which  they  are 
compounded,  but  also  in  their  natural  alphabetical  order.  Thus, 
verbs  like  erscheinen,  gebrechen,  gerathen,  verbinden,  etc., 
are  given  not  only  under  scheinen,  brechen,  rathen,  binden, 
but  also  under  E,  V,  G.  It  is  done  with  a  view  to  more  fully 
define  their  uses  and  synonyms  and  to  illustrate  better  some  of  the 
primitive  verbs. 


PART    I. 


I         Alphaletical  List  of  the  Most  Important 

IRREGULAR  VERBS 

with  a  list  of  a  number  of  their 

"Compound    Verbs'* 

Occurring  in  the  conversational  and  idiomatic  language,  with  their 
English  translations. 


Irregular  Verbs. 


ABBACKEN  {sep.,  f  ace,  tr.),  buk  ab,  abgebacken,  to  dry  or  bake 

completely,  to  separate  in  baking  (see  backen). 
ABBEFEHLEN  (sep.,  dat.,  f),  befahl  ab,  abbefohlen,  to  counterorder, 

to  countermand  (see  hefehlen). 
ABBEHALTEN  {sep.,  t  ace,  tr.),  behielt  ab,  abbehalten,  to  remain 

uncovered,  to  take  off  (see  halten). 
ABBEISSEN  {sep.,  ace,  tr.),  biss  ab,  abgebissen,  to  bite  off;  to  nip 

off  (see  heissen). 
ABBEKOMMEN  {sep.,  ace,  tr.),  bekam  ab,  abbekommen,  to  par- 
take of  or  in;  to  take  or  get  or  have  share  in;  to  get  blows  {Schldge 

abbekommen)  (see  kommen). 
ABREISSEN  {sep.,  ace,  tr.),  riss  ab,  abgerissen,  to  tear  off,  to  pull 

off,  to  pluck  off,  to  tear  away,  to  pick  off  (see  reissen). 
AUFBEHALTEN  {sep.,  ace,  tr.,  f),  behielt  auf,  aufbehalten,  to  keep 

open;  to  keep  up;  to  keep  one's  hat  on  (see  halten). 


B. 

BACKEN  {tr.,  f  ace;  reg.  andirreg.),  buk,  gebacken,  to  dry,  to  burn,  to 
bake. 
Ausbacken  {sep.,  tr.,  f  ace),  buk  aus,  ausgebacken,  to  have  done 
baking.     Es  ist  ausgebacken,  it  is  done  baking  (see  abbacken). 

BEDENKEN  {reft.,  ace),  bedachte,  bedacht,  to  consider;  to  reflect; 
to  think;  to  ponder,  to  care,  provide  for,  bequeathe  (see  denken). 

BEDINGEN  {tr.,  ace),  bedang,  bedungen,  to  contract;  to  stipulate; 
to  agree,  to  bargain  (see  dingen). 
4.BEDURFEN  {intr.,  imp.,  gen.,  insep.),  bedurfte,  bedurft,  to  need,  to 
want,  to  lack,  to  be  short  of  (see  diirftn). 

BEFAHREN  (f  tr.,  ace),  befuhr,  befahren,  to  apprehend;  to  an- 
ticipate, to  navigate,  to  ride  on  (see  fahren). 

2  17 


i8  ;'•'•. :  ••• :  ;.' ; '.  .1  r:!*  e.g ir  1« a-r   Verbs. 

J  BEFALLEN  (f  ir.,  ace),  befiel,  befallen,  to  meet  with;  to  attack;  to 
befall  (see  fallen). 

Befallen  werden,  to  be  overtaken;  to  be  attacked  with;  to  be  sud- 
denly seized. 

BEFA1?GEN  (f  /r.,  ace),  befing,  befangen,  to  be  confused,  to  be 
embarrassed,  prepossessed  (see  fangen). 

BEFEHLEN  (f  dat.),  befahl,  befohlen,  to  command;  to  bid,  to  order; 
to  charge  (see  ahhefehlen). 
Anbefehlen  {sep.,  f  dat.),  to  lay  upon  one's  heart. 

BEFINDEN  (/r.,  ace),  befand,  befunden,  to  find;  to  deem,  to  think 
(see  finden) . 
Gut  befinden  {tr.,  ace),  to  find  good,  to  be  satisfied  with. 
Schuldig  befinden  or  erklaren  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  find  guilty,  to 

convict. 
Sich  befinden  {refl.,  ace),  to  be  in  health;  to  be  of  the  opinion. 
BEFLEISSEN  {reft.,  gen.),  befliss,  beflissen,  to  apply  oneself  to;  to 
endeavor. 
Sich  befieissigen  (refl.),  to  be  studious;  to  exert  oneself. 
BEGINWEN  (tr.,  ace),  begann,  begonnen,  to  begin,  to  commence; 

to  originate;  to  start. 
BEISSEN  (tr.,  ace),  biss,  gebissen,  to  bite;   to  snap;   to  nibble;   to 
smart  (see  abbeissen). 
Anbeissen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  bite  at;  to  catch;  to  bait;  to  deceive. 
Verbeissen  (tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  suppress  by  an  effort,  to  restrain;  to 

stifle  (see  primitive  verb). 
Zubeissen  {sep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  snap  at,  to  jump  at  a  thing  eagerly. 
BEKLEMMEN  {tr.,  ace),  beklomm,  beklommen,  to  confine;    to 
afflict;  to  oppress;  to  grieve;  to  press.     Es  beklemmt  mir  das  Herz, 
it  oppresses  or  afflicts  my  heart.      Mir  ist  beklommen,  I  am  anxious 
or  uneasy  (see  klemmen). 
BERGEN  (t  tr.,  ace,  refl.),  barg,  geborgen,  to  save;    to  shelter;   to 
secure;  to  hide,  to  conceal. 
Verbergen  (f  tr.,  ace,  also  refl.),  to  hide,  to  conceal  {see  primitive  verb). 

BERSTEN  (t  *),  barst,  geborsten,  to  burst,  to  split;  to  crack;  to 
chap;  to  rend.  Vor  Neid  oder  Lachen  bcrsten,  to  burst  with  envy; 
to  convulse  with  laughter. 

BESINNEN  {refl.,- gen.,  ace),  besann,  besonnen,  to  recollect,  to  re- 
member, to  call  to  mind  (see  sinnen). 

BESITZEN  {tr.,  ace),  besass,  besessen,  to  possess,  to  own,  to  hold; 
to  sit  upon;  to  enjoy  (see  sitzen). 

BETRUGEN  {tr.,  ace),  betrog,  betrogen,  to  cheat,  to  defraud,  to 
trick,  to  dupe,  to  deceive  (see  triigen). 


Irregular   Verbs.  19 

BEWEGEN  {refl.,  tr.,  ace;  reg.  and  irreg.),  bewog,  bewogen,  to  stir,  to 
move;   to  agitate;  to  exercise. 
Sich  bewegen  lassen  {refl.),  to  be  induced;  to  yield;  to  be  led  to. 

BIEGEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  bog,  gebogen,  to  bend,  to  curve,  to  bow,  to 

turn,  to  cringe. 
Abbiegen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  turn  off,  to  turn  aside. 
Ausbiegen  (sep.),  to  turn  out,  to  widen;  to  straighten  out. 
Verbiegen  (tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  put  out  of  shape,  to  distort;   to  bend 

wrong,  to  misshape ;  to  spoU  (see  primitive  verb) . 
Zubiegen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  close  or  shut  up  with  bending, 
BIETEN  (tr.,  ace),  bot,  geboten,  to  bid,  to  offer,  to  tender,  to  propose. 

Es  bietet  sich  die  Gelegenheit,  the  opportunity  offers  itself. 
Anbieten  (sep.,  tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  bid  first,  to  tender,  propose,  offer. 
Aufbieten  (tr.,  sep.),  to  use  every  effort;    to  do  one's  utmost;  to  con- 
voke; to  raise;  to  publish;  to  proclaim. 
Entbieten  and  Erbieten  (see  primitive  verb). 

Missbieten  (tr.,  ace,  intr.,  insep.),  to  underbid;  to  bid  to  no  purpose. 
Nachbieten  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  offer  subsequently;  to  bid  higher. 
Verbieten  (tr.,  dat.),  to  forbid,  to  prohibit ;  to  veto  (see  primitive  verb). 
BIWDEN  (tr.,  refl.,  ace),  band,  gebunden,  to  bind,  to  tie,  to  fasten; 

to  unite;  connect,  join,  to  engage. 
Abbinden  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  loosen,  to  untie,  to  unfasten. 
Aufbinden  (sep.,  dat.,  o.),  to  unlace,  untie,  undo,  to  loosen;  to  break 

with;  to  hoard;  to  impose  a  burden. 
Ausbinden  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  untie,  to  take  out;  to  tie  on,  to  tie;  to 

cease  binding;  to  unbind. 
Entbinden  (gen.,   ace,    refl.,   insep.),   to   disengage   from;    to  ab- 
solve of;  to  discharge,  dispense  with;  to  free,  release;  to  deliver,  to 

give  birth  to. 
Sich  verbinden  (refl.,  ace),  to  unite,  to  combine,  to  associate;  to  wed; 

to  oblige. 
Umbinden  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  tie  round,  put  on,  rebind,  to  bandage. 
Verbinden  (tr.,  ace),  to  connect,  to  join;  to  unite;   to  bandage  (see 

primitive  verb). 
Zubinden  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  tie  up,  bind  up;  to  fasten,  to  bandage; 

to  blindfold. 
BITTEN  (tr.,  ace),  bat,  gebeten,  to  beg,  to  request,  to  ask;  to  induce; 

to  pray. 
Abbitten  (sep.,  ace,  tr.),  to  apologize,  to  ask  or  beg  pardon. 
Ausbitten  (sep.,  ace,  tr.),  to  ask  or  beg  for,  to  request;  to  insist  upon. 
Erbitten  (refl.),  to  entreat,  to  prevail  upon;  to  request;  to  obtain. 
Verbitten  (refl.,  tr.,  dat.),  to  forbid,  defy,  prohibit  (stt  primitive  verb). 


20  IrregularVerbs. 

BLASEN  (t  ace,  tr.,  intr.),  blies,  geblasen,  to  blow,  to  sound,  to 
distend. 
Anblasen  (se^.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  blow  at  or  against,  to  kindle. 
Aufblasen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace,  and  refl.),  to  blow   up,  to  strike   up. 
Ausblasen  {sep.,  t  ir.,  ace),  to  blow  out,  to  extend. 
Fortblasen  {sep.,  f  ir.,  ace),  to  blow  off  or  away,  to  continue  blow- 
ing. 
Zerblasen  (f  ir.,  ace),  to  rend  by  blowing,  to  blow  apart  or  away. 
BLEIBEN  (*  dai.),  blieb,  geblieben,  to  stay,  to  remain;  to  be  left; 
to  outstay;   to  survive. 
Aufbleiben  (*  sep.),  to  remain  open,  to  stay  or  sit  up. 
Ausbleiben  (*  sep.),  to  be  absent,  to  stay  away,  to  loiter. 
Fortbleiben  (*  sep.,  dat.),  to  keep  off,  to  stay  away. 
Verbleiben  (*),  to  remain,  to  stay,  to  continue  to  be. 
BLEICHEN  {tr.,  sometimes  *;   reg.  and  irreg.),  blich,  geblichen,  to 
bleach,  to  fade,  to  wither,  to  turn  pale,  to  whiten. 
Erbleichen  {insep.,  *),  to  turn  pale. 

Verbleichen  {insep.,  *),  to  grow  pale  or  livid,  to  expire  or  die. 
BRATEN  (t  tr.,  ace),  (briet)  bratete,  gebraten,  to  roast,  to  broil,  to 
scorch. 
Abbraten  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  roast  thoroughly,  well  done. 
Aufbraten  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  roast  afresh,  to  fry. 
Ausbraten  {sep.,  ^tr.,  ace),  to  roast  well  or  sufficiently. 
Einbraten  (*  tr.,  f),  to  shrink  in  roasting. 
BRECHEN  (t  tr.,  ace),  brach,  gebrochen,  to  break,  to  sever,  to  smash; 
to  shatter;    to  split,  to  fracture;    to  rupture. 
Abbrechen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  break  off;  to  pluck;  to  discontinue, 

to  stop. 
Anbrechen  {sep.,  *  hab.,  f),  to  set  in,  to  dawn;  to  begin. 
Ausbrechen  {sep.,  *  hah.,  f),  to  break  out  or  forth. 
Erbrechen(t/r.,  ace,  re^.),  to  vomit. 
Gebrechen  {imp.,  f),  to  be  in  want  of,  to  be  short  of,  to  lack,  to  need. 

Es  gebricht  mir  an,  I  am  wanting. 
Unterbrechen  (t  tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  interrupt,  to  stop,  to  disturb. 
Verbrechen  (see  primitive  verb). 

Zerbrechen  {tr.,  ace,  t),  to  break  to  pieces,  to  smash,  to  shatter. 
BRENWEN  {tr.,  intr.,  ace),  brannte,  gebrannt,  to  burn;  to  heat;  to 
dry;  to  distil;  to  refine;  to  calcine. 
Abbrennen  {sep.,  hah.,  *  tr.,  ace),  to  burn  down  or  to  the  ground. 
Anbrennen  {sep.,*  tr.,  hab.,  ace),  tokindle,  to  taste  or  smell  of  burning. 
Ausbrennen  {sep.,  hab.,  *),  to  burn  out,  to  cease  burning. 


Irregular    Verbs.  21 

Durchbrennen  {tr.,  *  refl.,  inlr.),  to  burn  through,  to  be  burnt  through, 
to  evaporate;    to  run  away,  to  abscond;  to  elope  with. 

Entbrennen  (*),  to  light,  to  be  lighted,  to  kindle,  to  become  inflamed, 
to  flare  up,  to  fly  into  a  passion,  to  become  hot  and  hotter, 

Verbrennen  (*  tr.,  intr.,  ace),  to  burn  to  pieces,  to  burn,  to  be  con- 
sumed by  fire,  to  perish  in  flames;  to  burn  out,  to  scorch;  to  blast; 
to  scald  (see  primitive  verb) . 

BRINGEN  {tr.,  dat.,  ace),  brachte,  gebracht,  to  carry,  to  bring;  to 

cause;  to  produce;  afford;  bear;  to  take. 
Abbringen  {tr.,  ace.,  sep.),  to  remove;  to  clean;    to  turn;  to  win;  to 

bring  off;  to  divert;  to  dissuade;  to  sell. 
Anbringen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  bring  to;    to  apply;   to   employ;   to 

place;  to  settle;  to  establish. 
Aufbringen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  get  open;  to  raise,  to  lift,  to  elevate; 

to  erect;   to  restore;   to  furnish;   to  foster,  to  bring  up;    to  nurse; 

to  club  together ;  to  supply. 
Beibringen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  produce;  to  impart;    to  administer,  to 

give;  to  inflict;  to  allege. 
Fortbringen  {sep.,  refl.,  tr.,  ace),  to  carry  away;    to  take  off;    re- 
move, transport,  convey;  to  get  away. 
Heraufbringen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  bring,  to  carry,  to  fetch  or  take  up; 

to  bring  upstairs  (see  herunterhringen) . 
Hereinbringen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  bring  in,  to  carry  in,  to  take  in, 

to  lead  to  a  place  (see  hineinbringen) . 
Heninterbringen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  bring,  to  carry,  to  fetch  or  take 

down;  to  bring  downstairs. 
Hinaufbringen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace)  (see  heraufbringen). 
Hinbringen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  carry,  to  take  or  bring  to,  to  eke  out  a 

precarious  existence,  to  make;  to  shift;  to  live 
Hineinbringen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace)  (see  hereinbringen). 
Hinterbringen   {tr.,   sep.,   insep.,  dat.),   to    put    behind,    to    carry 

back;  to  acquaint  one,  to  give  a  person  notice  or  information;    to  de- 
nounce. 
Hintinterbringen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  bring,  to  carry  or  get  down;  to 

show  a  person  or  accompany  one  down  (see  herunterbringen) . 
Mitbringen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  bring,  take  or  carry  along,  to  fetch 

with  or  along. 

Nachbringen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  bring,  take  or  carry  afterwards  or 

later,  to  supply  with. 
Uberbringen  {tr.,  ace),  to  bring,  to  carry,  to  convey;  to  take,  to 

deliver,  to  bear  to;  to  transmit. 

Unterbringen  {tr.,  sep.,  refl.),  to  shelter,  to  give  a  place  of  safety; 
to  accommodate,  to  lodge,  to  house;   to  sell,  dispose;   to  get  off. 


22  IrregularVerbs. 

Verbringen  (/r.,  ace),  to  spend  with;  to  squander,  to  spoil;  to  trans- 
port (colloquial) ;  to  pass. 

VoUbringen  (/r.,  ace),  to  do;  to  accomplish,  to  achieve;  to  carry  out, 
to  perform;  to  execute;  to  finish,  to  consummate;  to  commit. 

Vorbringen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  say,  to  utter,  to  express,  to  assert;  to 
bring  forward;  to  break  a  matter  to  a  person;  to  allege;  to  plead; 
to  propose. 

Zubringen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  spend  with;  to  carry  to;  to  offer,  to 
spend,  pass;  or  employ. 

Zurlickbringen  {sep.^  tr.^  ace),  to  bring,  take  or  convey  back;  to 
reduce  to. 


D. 

(    DENKEN  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  gen.),  dachte,  gedacht,  to  think;   to  be  of 
opinion;  to  imagine;    to  conclude. 

Bedenken  {refl.,  tr.,  ace),  to  consider,  to  weigh,  to  deliberate,  to 
reflect,  to  reason. 

Erdenken  {tr.,  aee),  to  devise,  to  imagine;  invent,  fabricate;  to 
forge,  coin. 

Gedenken  {intr.,  gen),  to  bear  a  person  a  grudge  or  a  spite;  to  remem- 
ber, to  bear  in  mind. 

Nachdenken  {sep),  to  contemplate,  to  dwell  on  or  upon  a  thing, 
to  devise,  to  ponder,  brood. 

Sich  denken  {refi),  to  imagine,  to  have  an  idea,  to  follow  a  thought, 
to  fancy. 

Uberdenken  {tr.,  insep),  to  think  over,  reflect,  meditate;  to  ponder; 
to  resolve  a  thing. 

Verdenken  {tr.,  ace),  to  blame;  to  misunderstand;  to  lose  oneself 

in  thought  (ich  kann  es  ihm  nicht  verdenken,  I  cannot  blame  him 

for  it). 

I ,    DIN  GEN  {tr.,  ace),  dang,  gednngen,  to  hire;  to  take;  to  retain;   to 

""  bind;  apprentice,  to  engage,  to  enlist,  to  enroll;  to  bargain;  to  charter. 

Abdingen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  cheapen;  to  haggle;  to  chaffer,  to  beat 
down  the  price,  to  abate. 

Andingen  {sep.,  tr.,  aee,  refi),  to  enter  an  agreement;  to  go  into 
service. 

Ausbedingen  {sep.,  reft.,  tr.,  ace),  to  stipulate;  to  covenant;  to  pro- 
vide against  or  for,  to  reserve;  to  take  exception  to.  Ich  habe  es 
mir  ausbedungen,  I  reserved  or  conditioned  it  (see  ausdingen). 

Ausdingen  {sep.,  reft),  to  cease  bargaining;  to  go  into  service;  to 
agree  upon  (see  ausbedingen). 


Irregular    Verbs.  23 

Bedingen  (/r.,  ace),  to  settle,  to  stipulate,  to  make  or  agree  upon 

terms,  to  engage  in;  to  limit,  restrain,  restrict. 
Einbedingen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  include  in;  to  provide  in  a  contract; 

to  stipulate  in  a  bargain. 
Verdingen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  let  out,  to  hire,  to  put,  give  or  let  out 

work  by  contract,  to  contract  oneself  in  work;  to  lease;  to  appren- 
tice. 
DRESCHEN  (f  tr.,   ace,  intr),  drosch,  gedroschen,  to  thrash,  to 

thresh,  to  beat,  to  give  a  drubbing,  to  read,  go  over,  to  examine; 

to  gossip,  to  babble. 
Abdreschen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  thrash  off  or  out,  to  finish  thrashing, 

to  beat  a  person  soundly. 
Nachdreschen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  thrash  (corn),  to  thrash  again. 
Verdreschen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  give  a  person  a  good  thrashing  (see 

dreschen). 
Zudreschen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  thrash  over  and  over  again  (see 

dreschen) . 
DRINGEN  {intr.,*),  drang,  gedrungen,  to  burst;    to  gush;    to  come 

out,    to   penetrate,   to  go   through;  to  rush;    to  press.      Ich  habe 

darauf  gedrungen,  I  urged  upon  it. 
Andringen  (*  sep.),  to  press  or  push  on,  to  push  forward,  to  advance, 

to  rush  to. 
Aufdringen  (*  sep.),  to  move  or  press  up,  to  rise  to,  to  be  intrusive, 

importune,  to  force  upon  (see   aufdrdngen,  among  regular  verbs). 
Durchdringen  (*  sep.),  to  penetrate,  to  pour  through,  to  force,  cut, 

make  one's  way  through. 
Nachdringen  (*  sep.),  to  pursue;  to  press  after,  to  push  forward,  to 

force  an  entrance. 
Vordringen  (*  sep),  to  push  or  press  on  or  forward,  to  advance, 

to  penetrate,  to  gain  ground,  to  make  headway,  to  force  one's  way 

head  ward. 
Zudringen  (*  sep),  to  rush,  crowd,  flock  or  throng  to  a  place,  to 

besiege  a  place,  to  intrude. 
DURFEN  {auxiliary  verb  of  mood,  one  of  six),  durf  te,  gedurft,  expressing 

possibility,  venture,  need,  likelihood,  permission  or  right.     Ich  darf, 

I  may;    1  am  willing;    I  am  permitted,  I  can,  I  am  authorized  to. 
Bediirfen  {gen.,  tr.,  ace,  w^.),.  to  be  in  need  or  want  of  anything. 


24  IrregularVerbs 


E. 

EINBACKEN  (/r.,  ace,  sep.,  f  refl.),  buk  ein,  eingebacken,  to  bake 
brown,  to  make  crisp  (see  hacken). 

EMPFANGEN  (f  tr.,  ace),  empfing,  empfangen,  to  receive;  to  admit, 
to  see;    to  accept;    to  adopt  (see  fangen). 

EMPFEHLEN  (f  tr.,  ace,  also  refl.),  empfahl,  empfohlen,  to  recom- 
mend; to  present;  to  take  leave,  bid  adieu  (good-bye). 

Anempfehlen  (f  tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  recommend  something  to  a  person, 
to  recommend  strongly. 

Mitempfehlen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  partake  in  recommending  a  thing 
or  a  person. 

EMPFINDEN  {tr.,  ace),  empfand,  empftinden,  to  be  sensible  of, 
to  be  aware  of,  conscious  of  (see  finden).  Lebhaft  empfinden, 
tief  empfinden,  to  be  deeply,  fully  alive  to;  to  sympathize.  Ekel, 
Widerwillen  vor  etwas  empfinden,  to  have  repugnance  (see 
finden). 

ENTBIETEW  {tr.,  ace),  entbot,  entboten,  to  order,  to  bid,  to  enjoin 
something  on,  to  notify  (see  hieten). 

ENTBINDEN  {tr.,  intr.,  gen.,  insep.,  ace,  refl.),  entband,  entbunden, 
to  disengage;  liberate,  exempt;  deliver;  give  birth.  Sie  ist  eines 
Sohnes  entbunden,  she  gave  birth  to  a  son  (see  hinden). 

ENTBRECHEN  (f),  entbrach,  entbrochen,  to  avoid,  to  get  out 
of,  to  escape,  refrain,  to  forbear  (see  hrechen). 

ENTBRENNEN  {intr.,*),  entbrannte,  entbrannt,  to  light,  to  burn,  to 
kindle,  to  become  inflamed  (see  brennen) .  Der  Kampf  entbrennt, 
the  combat  rages.  Von  Zorn  entbrannt  sein,  to  be  inflamed  with 
anger,  to  flare  up  (see  brennen). 

ERBIETEN  {refl.,  tr.,  dat.,  ace),  erbot,  erboten,  to  offer,  to  be  will- 
ing, to  propose  (see  bieten). 

ERBLEICHEN  {intr.,*),  erblich,  erblichen,  to  turn  white  or  gray; 
hoary;  change  color  {see  bleichen) . 

ERLOSCHEN  {intr.,*),  erlosch,  erloschen,  to  expire,  to  die  away;  to 
become  extinct ;  to  put  out.  Der  Tag  erlischt,  it  is  growing  dark. 
Aufhoren  zu  leuchten,  to  grow  pale,  dull,  to  lose  lustre,  to  fade 
away  (see  loschen). 

ERSAUFEN  {intr.,*),  ersoff,  ersoffen,  to  drown,  to  be  drowned;  to 
submerge;  overflow  Der  Acker  ist  ersoff  en,  the  ground  is  flooded, 
swamped,  under  water.  Kummer  im  Becher  ersaufen,  to  drown 
one's  sorrow  in  wine  (see  saujen). 


Irregular    Verbs.  25 

ERSCHEINEN  (intr.*),  erschien,  erschienen,  to  appear,  show;  re- 
veal, arise;  break;  approach  (see  scheinen).  Erscheint  in  Liefer- 
ungen,  appears  in  parts.  Es  wird  Ihnen  nicht  unbillig  erscheinen, 
it  will  not  seem  unreasonable  to  you  (see  scheinen). 

ERSCHRECKEN  (f  *  reft.,  tr.,  ace,  sometimes  used  as  regular  verb), 
erschrak,  erschrocken,  to  be  frightened,  terrified,  to  be  struck 
with  fear,  to  be  alarmed,  startled,  or  confounded;  to  be  scared 
away.  Er  erschrak  dermassen  dass — ,  he  was  startled,  struck  so 
much  with  horror  that —  (see  schrecken,  regular  verbs). 

Abschrecken  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  rouse,  scare,  frighten  away;  to 
discourage,  to  deter;    to  intimidate,  to  dishearten,  to  repel  from. 

Einschrecken  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  frighten  or  terrify  one  into  silence 
or  compliance,  to  discourage  a  person,  to  intimidate  one.  Das  Kind 
ist  eingeschreckt,  the  child  is  frightened,  timid. 

Verschrecken  (f  /r.,  ace),  to  frighten  away,  to  intimidate  (see 
er schrecken) . 

Zuriickschrecken  {sep.,  f),  to  start  back  in  terror. 

Zusammenschrecken  {sep.,  f),  to  shrink  or  start  with  fright. 

ERWAGEN  {tr.,  ace),  erwog,  erwogen,  to  weigh,  to  ponder  over,  to 
poise,  to  consider.  Die  Umstande  in  Erwagung  ziehend,  consider- 
ing the  circumstances.  In  Erwagung  seiner  Jugend,  making  allow- 
ance for  his  youth  (see  wdgen). 

ESSEN  (t  tr.,  ace),  ass,  gegessen,  to  take  food,  to  eat,  feed,  dine,  sup. 

Essen  Sie  zu,  go  on  eating,  do  not  detain  yourself. 
Abessen  {intr.,  sep.,  t),  to  eat  or  pick  off;  to  finish  eating;  to  con- 
sume, to  deprive  of  by  eating;  to  reduce  (a  debt)  by  eating. 
Anessen  {sep.,  f  reft),  to  start  eating  (prov.);  to  eat  one's  fill,  to 

cram  oneself. 
Aufessen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  eat  up,  to  consume,  to  eat  to  the  very 

last;  to  finish  eating. 
Ausessen   {sep.,   f),  to  empty  by  eating,  to  eat  out;    to  pay  the 

fault  of  another;  to  dine  out. 
Mitessen  {sep.,  f),  to  join  one  in  eating;    to  partake  of     Essen  Sie 

mit,  take  dinner  with  me. 
Nachessen  {sep.,  f),  to  eat  after  or  afterwards,  to  have  a  by-dish 

or  dessert;  to  eat  alone 


26  IrregularVerbs 


FAHREN    (intr.,  refl.,  f  *),    fuhr,   gefahren,    to    ride,   move,    go, 

travel;    to  pass,  depart,  ascend,  to  take  a  trip,  to  journey. 
Abfahren  {sep.,  f  *),  to  leave,  start;   to  move;  to  sail;   to  clear,  to 

run;  sweep  or  dash  off;  to  depart. 
Anfahren  {sep.,  f  *).  to  drive  close,  to  come  near  up;   to  arrive;  to 

approach;  to  rebuke. 
Ausfahren  (sep.,  f  *),  to  go  out,  to  take  a  ride;   to  set  out;   to  dis- 
embark ;  to  emerge. 
Befahren  (/r.,  insep.),   to  travel  over,  to  ride  on;    to  frequent;    to 

use  for  riding. 
Einfahren  {sep.,  f  *)>  to  break  in,  to  train;   to  carry  in,  to  bring  in; 

to  upset;  to  break  down;  to  stop,  to  enter,  to  arrive  in. 
Entfahren  (f  *),  to  fly  off,  to  slip  off;  to  escape.    Ein  Wort  entfuhr 

ihm,  he  blurted  out  a  word. 
Fortfahren  {sep.,  f  *),  to  continue;  to  carry  or  drive  off  or  away;  to 

pursue,  to  go  on. 
Mitfahren  {sep.,  f  *),  to  join;  to  go  along,  to  accompany.     Einem 

libel  fahren,  to  treat  one  ill;  to  ill-use. 
Ifachfahren  {sep.,  f  *)»  to  go  or  ride  after;    to  follow,  to  pursue; 

to  carry,  to  convey  after. 
tjberfahren  (/r.,  hah.,  *  f  sep.,  insep.),  to  drive  over;   to  run  over. 
Verfahren  {intr.,  *  t).  to  deal,  to  proceed,  to  act;   to  take  a  course, 

to  manage,  to  take  legal  measures  (see  primitive  verb). 
Vorfahren  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  come  around;    to  pull  up  at  the  door; 

to  order  a  carriage  at  the  door;   to  drive  past,  to  outstrip  in  rid- 
ing;  to  block  up  one's  way. 
Voriiberfahren  {sep.,  f  *  ),  to  pass  by;  to  go  by  (see  fahren). 
Wegfahren  {tr.,  intr.,  *),  to  drive  or  ride  off;  to  sail  away;    to  leave, 

to  go  away;    to  take  away  or  remove  something;    to   cart  off  or 

away. 
Widerfahren  {dat.,  *  insep.,  imp.),  to  happen,  befall,  meet;    to  do 

or  mete  out  (right,  etc.). 
Willfahren  {dat.,  intr'.),  to  grant,  comply,  please;  to  acquiesce  in;  to 

accede  to. 
Zerfahren  {tr.,  imp.,  *  t)>  to  fly  asunder,  to  be  scattered  or  dispersed; 

to  be  unsettled;   to  crush  or  spoil  by  driving  over;  to  be  confused, 

disconnected  (see  primitive  verb). 
Zufahren  {sep.,  *  f),  to  drive  faster,  to  drive  brisk;  to  rush  upon; 

to  drive  toward. 
Zusammenfahren  {sep.,  *  t).  to  ride  or  travel  together;   to  rush 

together;  to  encounter;  to  collide;  to  startle;  to  wince. 


Irregular    Verbs.  27 

FALLEN  {intr.,  refl.,  f  *),  fiel,   gefallen,  to  fall,  tumble,   drop;    to 
devolve,  descend,  to  hit;  to  decline. 

Anfallen  (f  tr.,  sep.),  to  fall  against  or  toward;  to  attack,  to  assail, 
to  fly  at,  to  invade  (see  angreifen) . 

Auff alien  (*  f  sep.,  imp.,  dat.),  to  give  shock;  to  hurt,  bruise,  wound 
by  falling;  to  strike,  astonish,  to  excite,  to  surprise. 

Ausfallen  {sep.,  intr.,  *),  to  be  wanting,  lost,  omitted,  left  out;  to 
fall  out  (baldness);  to  rush  out;  to  strike  a  blow  with  something; 
to  turn  out,  to  result,  to  prove. 

Befallen  (f  imp.,  ace),  to  befall;  to  attack;  to  meet  with,  to  be  over- 
taken or  surprised  by.  Befallen  werden,  to  be  suddenly  seized  or 
attacked  with  or  by. 

Beif alien  (*  f  sep),  to  applaud,  ascend  or  subscribe  to;  to  coincide 
with;  to  occur,  to  recur.     Es  fallt  mir  nicht  bei,  I  cannot  recall. 

Durchfallen  {sep.,  intr.,  *),  to  fall  through;  to  fail,  to  be  rejected, 
unsuccessful;  to  be  thrown  out;  to  be  black-balled;  to  be  unsuc- 
cessful in  passing  an  examination;    to  prove  a  failure  or  fiasco. 

Einfallen  {intr.,  *  f  dat.,  sep.,  imp),  to  occur;  to  invade;  to  pene- 
trate; to  settle  in;  strike. 

Entf alien  (*  f  dat),  to  drop,  slip  or  fall;  to  escape  or  slip  one's 
memory;  to  share  or  devolve  upon. 

Gefallen  (f  imp.,  dat),  to  please,  to  content  or  satisfy;  to  comply 
with. 

Herauff alien  {dat.,  sep.,  f),  to  fall  on  or  upon  (see  fallen). 

Heninterf alien  {sep.,  f  *),    to  drop,  to  fall  down  (see  fallen). 

Hineinf alien  {sep.,  f  *),  to  fall  in;  to  entangle,  to  involve;  to  be 
cheated  (by  illusion). 

Hinfallen  {sep.,  intr.,  *),  to  fall  or  tumble  down;  J^get  a  fall;  to 
plump  or  flop  down;    to  drop.  w^^:^ 

Missfallen  {dat.,  f  imp),  to  displease;  to  cause  di^HBp^  dissatisfy, 
to  disoblige  (missfallig,  disagreeable,  unpleasant,  offensive,  odious). 

Verf alien  (f  *),  to  decay,  sink,  decline,  to  go  to  ruin;  to  dilapidate, 
to  deteriorate,  to  degenerate;  to  be  forfeited;  to  be  due,  payable, 
forthcoming. 

Zerfallen  {insep.,  intr.,  *),  to  fall  to  pieces,  to  shatter,  to  tumble 
down;  to  fall  into  ruin,  to  become  dilapidated;  to  fall  to  dust, 
to  crumble  away;  to  get  decomposed;  to  break  down,  collapse; 
to  fail. 
FANGEN  (t  refl.,  tr.,  ace),  fing,  gefangen,  to  catch,  take,  seize,  cap- 
ture;   to  bite,  snap,  snatch;   to  trap;   overtake. 

Anfangen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  intr),  to  begin,  commence,  originate,  start; 
to  enter  into;   to  establish,  to  set  out. 

Auffangen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  catch  or  snatch  up;  to  gather,  to 
collect;  to  grasp. 


28  IrregularVerbs. 

Einfangen  {sep.,  ^  tr.,  ace),  to  catch,  to  apprehend,  to  enclose,  to 

shut  up;  to  fetch  in,  inclose. 
Empfangen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  receive,  take,  get;  to  accept,  to  conceive; 

to  be  favored  with.     Betragdankend  empfangen,  amount  received 

with  thanks. 
Umfangen  {^  tr.,  ace),  to  embrace,  to  encircle,  to  enclose;  to  clasp; 

to  surround. 
Verfangen  (f  refl.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  be  caught,  entangled;    to  commit 

oneself;  to  work,  operate,  effect,  avail,  produce. 

FECHTEN  {intr.,  tr.,  reft.,  f),  focht,  gefochten,  to  fight,  fence,  tilt; 
to  contend  or  strike;  to  go  begging;   to  contest. 

Anfechten  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  attack,  to  assault,  to  assail;  to  combat, 
dispute,  controvert;  to  touch,  to  trouble,  to  concern,  to  contest;  to 
impugn;  to  call  in  question;   to  impeach;   to  challenge. 

Ausfechten  (t  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  fight  out;  to  have  it  out;  to  cease 
fighting. 

Beifechten  {sep.,  f),  to  fight  together  (prov.)  (see  fechten). 

Mitfechten  {sep.,  f),  to  join,  to  take  part  in  fighting  or  fencing;  to 
join  war  for  a  cause. 

Verfechten  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  defend,  assert,  maintain;  to  fight,  con- 
tend, dispute;  to  plead  for  one. 

FINDEN  {tr.,  reft.,  ace),  fand,  gefunden,  to  find,  meet  with,  to  dis- 
cover; to  feel,  think,  see;  to  exist,  to  be.  Jemanden  treu  finden,  to 
find  or  prove  one  faithful  or  true.  Finden  Sie  es  mir,  look  it  up, 
find  it  for  me;  get  it.  (See  the  table  of  the  conjugation  of  this  verb 
in  the  back  of  this  book.) 

Abfinden  {sep.,  tr.,  reft),  to  satisfy,  pay  ofif,  to  portion,  to  make  settle- 
ment; to  compromise,  agree. 

Auffinden   {tr.,  sep),  to  discover;    to  hunt  or  trace  out;    to  meet. 

Ausfinden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  find  out,  make  out,  seek  out,  to  dis- 
cover; to  smell  out,  to  hunt  out. 

Befinden  {reft.,  tr),  to  be  in  health.  Ich  befijide  mich  wohl,  I  am 
in  good  health. 

Durchfinden  {intr.,  reft.,  ace),  to  get  through;  to  find  one's  way 
through. 

Einfinden  {sep.,  reft),  to  come,  appear,  arrive,  to  be  present;  to  meet. 
Sich  einfinden,  to  be  on  one's  post. 

Empfiinden  {tr),  to  feel,  perceive,  to  be  sensible  of;  to  experience; 
to  take  offense  at.     Empfindlich  sein,  to  be  sensitive,  easily  affected. 

Erfinden  {tr.,  ace),  to  find  out,  invent;  to  contrive,  fabricate,  devise; 
to  find  by  experience. 

Stattfinden  {sep),  to  take  place,  to  happen;  to  be  permitted  or 
allowed. 


Irregular    Verbs.  29 

Vorfinden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  find,  to  meet  with;   to  light  upon; 

to  be  on   hand,   to   be   forthcoming.     Sich  vorfinden,  to  be  met 

with. 
Wiederfinden  {tr.,  refl.),  to  find  or  meet  again;  to  recover;  to  return 

to  reason,  to  be  oneself  again. 
FLECHTEN  (f  tr.,  ace),  flocht,  geflochten,  to  braid,  plait,  twist, 

entwine;  to  wreathe  or  make  a  garland. 
Aufflechten  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  twist  up,  to  plait;   to  braid  up;   to 

tie  down,  to  unmat;  to  unplait. 
Ausflechten  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  unplait,  untwist;    to  line  with;   to 

disentangle,  to  free  from. 
Einflechten  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  plait,  braid;   to  interweave,  to  inter- 
twine; to  put  in,  insert;  to  intermeddle,  to  mention  by  the  way. 
Verflechten  {refl.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  interlace,  to  interweave,  to  entwine; 

to  involve,  to  implicate,  to  entangle;  to  engage  in  a  talk;  to  con- 
sume in. 
Zuflechten  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace)  (also  zusammenjflechten),  to  close  by 

twisting,  plaiting  or  braiding. 
FLIEGEN  {intr.,  *),  flog,  geflogen,  to  fly,  to  be  on  the  wing;  to  pass 

swiftly,  rush,  shoot,  sweep. 
Auffliegen  {sep.,  *),  to  fly  up;  to  explode;  to  start,  to  soar;  to  take  a 

flight,  to  blow  up. 
Ausfliegen  {sep.,  *),  to  take  wing,  to  fly  out  or  away;  to  leave  the  nest; 

to  leave  home,  to  make  a  trip;  to  escape. 
Entfliegen  (*),  to  fly  away,  to  pass  away  quickly;  to  skip;  to  escape. 
Herabfliegen  {sep.,  *),  to  fly  down,  to  come  down,  to  descend. 
Hinabfliegen  {sep.,  *),  to  fly  down,  to  storm  down,  to  come  down 

quickly. 
HinauflBliegen  {sep.,  *),  to  step  up,  to  ascend,  to  mount,  to  fly  up. 
Hineinfliegen  {sep.,  *),  to  fly  in,  to  come  in  quickly;   to  rush  in. 
Hinzufliegen  {sep.,  *)  (see  fliegen  or  hinfliegen). 
Verfliegen   {insep.,  intr.,  *  refl.),  to  fly  away,  off,  or  out  of  sight; 

to  vanish;    to  pass  away  quickly  (time),  to  slip  by;   to  evaporate; 

to  volatilize. 
Sich  miide  fliegen,  to  become  exhausted. 
FLIEHEN  {intr.,  *),  floh,  geflohen,  to  flee,  fly  or  run  away;   to  escape 

or  pass  away  quickly. 
Entfliehen  (*),  to  flee,  to  run  away,  to  escape;  to  come  (or  get)  off. 
Mitfliehen  {sep.,  *),  to  join  the  flight,  to  flee  along  with  someone; 

to  escape  together. 
Nachfliehen  {sep.  *),  to  flee  after,  to  join;    to  try  to  catch  up. 

Zufliehen  {sep.,  *),  to  escape  to,  to  pass  rapidly;    to  vanish  away 
(see  verfliegen). 


so  IrregularVerbs. 

FLIESSEN  {intr.,  tr.,  *),  floss,  geflossen,  to  flow,  run,  stream;  to  drop, 

trickle  down;   to  blot,  sink. 
Abfliessen  {sep.,  *),  to  flow  down,  to  flow  off;  to  ebb;  to  discharge. 
Ausfliessen  {sep.,  *),  to  leak  out;   to  discharge  itself;    to  issue  out 

from;    to  emanate. 
Entfliessen  (*),  to  flow,  to  gush  or  issue  from;  to  discharge  itself  from. 
Verfliessen  (*),  to  flow  off  or  away,  to  subside;   to  pass,  glide  on  or 

away;    to  expire,  elapse,  or  intervene;  to  blend. 
Zerfliessen  {intr.,  *  insep.),  to  melt  or  flow  away;    to  dissolve;    to 

liquefy;   to  flow  off;   to  fuse,  to  melt  into;   to  be  drowned  in. 
Zufliessen  {sep.,  *),  to  flow  to,  to  flow  into,  to  flow  toward. 

FRAGEN  (t  tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  imp.,  ace;  used  reg.  and  irreg.),  fnig, 
gefragt  (this  is  an  older  form  of  the  verb;  the  regular  form  is  more 
frequently  used  now — see  regular  verb),  to  interrogate,  to  inquire;  to 
ask,  to  care  for,  to  inquire  after,  to  question. 

Abfragen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  get  or  draw  out  a  secret  from  one;  to 
elicit  a  secret  by  inquiry;    to  question. 

Anfragen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  inquire,  to  make  inquiry;  to  interro- 
gate, to  ask,  to  question,  to  apply. 

Ausfragen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  question,  examine,  interrogate;  to 
query;    to  tire  oneself  out  by  questioning. 

Befragen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  ask,  examine,  to  question,  to  interrogate, 
to  consult  with,  to  ask  advice;   to  ask  upon  or  about  a  thing, 

Erfragen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  find  out  or  to  endeavor  to  find  out  by  in- 
quiring;   to  ascertain,  to  get  at  something. 

Nachfragen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  inquire  or  ask  for  or  after;  to  find  out. 

FRESSEN  {tr.,  f  ace),  frass,  gefressen,  to  eat  (greedily),  to  devour, 

to  swallow,  to  corrode,  consume. 
Abfressen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  refl.,  dat.,  ace),  to  eat  off,  to  clear  off  by  eating; 

to  graze;  to  consume. 
Anfressen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  gnaw  or  nibble  at;  to  devour;  to  begin 

to  corrode,  to  eat  into,  to  prey  upon  like  an  animal;  to  impair,  to 

canker. 
Auffressen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  devour,  to  eat  up,  to  consume  like 

an  animal;   to  corrode,  to  spoil. 
Ausfressen  {sep.,  t  tr.,  ace),  to  empty  by  eating,  to  consume;  to  ruin; 

to  impoverish,  waste;   to  corrode. 
Einfressen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  penetrate  by  corroding;   to  eat  one's 

way  into;   to  eat  up,  swallow. 
Verfressen   (*  tr.,  f  ace),  to  consume  in  eating;   to  be  a  glutton 

{gefrdssig  sein,  to  be  greedy,  ravenous;  to  be  constantly  hungry). 
Zerfressen  (*  tr.,  f  ace),  to  eat  to  pieces,  to  corrode,  to  consume, 

to  spoil. 


Irregular    Verbs.  31 

FRIEREN  (/r.,  intr.,  o.,  impers.),  fror,  gefroren,  to  be  cold,  to  feel 

cold;  to  freeze,  to  be  chilled,     Es  friert  mich  (mich  friert),  I  am 

cold,  I  feel  cold, 
Abfrieren  (Jr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  be  frozen  off,  to  be  nipped  off  by  cold; 

to  lose  a  limb  of  the  body  by  extreme  cold. 
Anfrieren  {sep),  to  freeze  to  the    ground;    to  become    attached  by 

frost;    to  stick  fast  by  freezing, 
Ausfrieren  {sep.),  to  freeze  thoroughly;    to  lose  quality  by  frost; 

to  increase  strength  by  congealing  the  watery  particles, 
Erfrieren  (*),  to  freeze  to  death,  to  die  wdth  cold;   to  chill  (iron). 
Gefrieren  (*),  to  freeze,  to  turn  to  ice;  to  congeal,     Es  gefriert,  it  is 

freezing, 
Verfrieren  (*),  to  freeze,  to  get  chilly,  frozen  (see  gefrieren). 
Zerfrieren  (*),  to  crack  from  the  effects  of  frost. 
Zufrieren  {sep.,  *),  to  freeze  up,  to  freeze  over,  to  congeal;  to  get 

frozen  up,  ice-bound, 
Zusammenfrieren  {sep.,  *),  to  freeze  or  congeal  together. 


GAREN  {intr.,  tr.,  imp  refl.),  gor,  gegoren  {reg.  and  irreg.),  to  ferment, 

to  work,  to  effervesce.  Der  Wein  hat  sich  vergart,  the  wine  is  clarified. 
Aufgaren  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  ferment  anew,  to  raise  a  new  fermentation, 
Ausgaren  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  rise  by  fermentation,  to  ferment  sufl&ciently ; 

to  weld  metal, 
Eingaren  {sep.)  (see  gdren). 

Vergaren  (see  ausgaren),  to  breed,  to  procreate. 
GEBAREN  (/z., /r.,  ace),   gebar,  geboren,  to  give   birth,  to  deliver, 

to  bring  forth,  to  produce, 
Ausgebaren  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  breed  (see  gebdren). 
Fortgebaren  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  produce  (see  gebdren). 
Missgebaren  {ace,  tr.),  to  abort,  miscarry. 
Nachgebaren  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  breed  forth  (die  Nachgeburt). 
GEBEN  (t  dat.,  are,  imp.,  reft.,  tr.),  gab,  gegeben,  to  give,  pay,  confer, 

bestow;    to  express,  render,  ofifer;    grant. 
Abgeben  {sep.,  imp.,  f  ^^-y  ^^fl-y  intr.,  ace),  to  hand,  deliver,  make 

over;    to   submit,  pay;    to   sell,  negotiate;    to  act   or  serve  as;    to 

keep  company,  to  addict  oneself  to;    to  be  concerned. 
Angeben  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  state,  declare,  specify;   to  enter  goods 

in  a  custom-house;  to  denounce,  to   accuse;    to  begin  to  give;    to 

indicate,  define,  to  mark,  to  enact,  perform. 


32  IrregularVerbs. 

Aufgeben  (sep.,  f  tr.,  dat.,  ace),  to  deliver,  to  send,  to  post;  to  give 
up;  to  surrender,  yield;  to  impose;  to  order,  direct;  to  propose  a 
question  or  a  riddle;    to  relinquish. 

Ausgeben  (sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  give  out,  issue,  distribute;  to  deal  out; 
to  dispose  of,  to  utter;  to  publish;  to  spread,  disburse;  to  ex- 
haust;   to  yield,  bear,  produce;    to  report. 

Begeben  (f  refl.),  to  happen,  to  come  to  pass;  to  enter;  to  venture, 
to  go. 

Beigeben  (sep.,  t  ^''•>  dat.,  ace),  to  add,  join,  to  appoint;  to  grant; 
to  admit. 

Eingeben  (sep.,  f  ir.,  dat.,  ace),  to  administer,  prompt,  suggest, 
dictate;  to  inspire;    to  deliver,  exhibit. 

Ergeben  (f  refl.),  to  yield,  to  resign,  to  give  oneself  up  to;  to  result, 
follow;   to  take  place. 

Herausgeben  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  issue;  to  edit;  to  publish,  to  give 
out,  hand  over;    to  give  back,  to  hand  the  change. 

Hereingeben  (sep.,  f  tr.,  ace)  (see  eingeben). 

Hingeben  (sep.,  f  tr.,  refl.),  to  give,  to  reach,  to  pass  round;  to  re- 
sign, to  give  up,  to  yield,  to  abandon,  to  surrender;  to  devote,  to 
sacrifice. 

Mitgeben  (sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  give,  to  take  along  with;  to  give  a  por- 
tion or  dowry;    to  entrust  with. 

Nachgeben  (sep.,  f  o.),  to  yield,  to  grant,  concede;  to  give  way,  to 
flinch;  to  slacken,  submit. 

Ubergeben  (sep.,  f  ff.,  refl.,  ace),  to  surrender,  deliver,  give  up, 
yield  to;  to  hand  over;  to  resign;  to  give  in  charge,  to  commit,  to 
consign. 

Umgeben  (refl.,  f  ir.,  ace!),  to  surround,  encompass,  environ,  enclose; 
to  wall,  to  hedge  in. 

Vergeben  (intr.,  f  '''•»  ^^fl-^  dat.,  ace),  to  forgive;  to  give  away,  to 
dispose  of;  to  yield  up;   to  bestow. 

Vorgeben  (sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  sham,  pretend,  feign;  to  plead;  to 
give  points  or  odds;   to  place  before;  to  protest;  to  profess. 

Weggeben  (sep.,  tr.),  to  give  something  away,  to  give  up  a  thing;  to 
part  with;  to  get  rid  of  a  thing. 

Zugeben  (sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  add,  to  give  to  the  bargain;  to  give 
in;  to  follow  suit;  to  grant,  allow;  consent,  concede,  permit, 
yield,  to  suffer;  to  own,  to  confess.  Ich  gebe  klein  zu,  I  begin  to 
admit. 

Zuriickgeben  (sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  give  back,  to  render,  return,  re- 
store, to  reciprocate,  to  retort. 

GEBIETEN  (tr.,  intr.,  dat.),  gebot,  geboten,  to  command,  order, 
bid;  to  enjoin,  impose,  dictate,  to  rule,  control,  to  check  (see 
bieten). 


IrregularVerbs.  33 

GEBRECHEN  (impers.,  f  dat.),  gebrach,  gebrochen,  to  be  wanting 
or  destitute  of;  to  have  a  defect,  to  be  infirm,  an  invalid.  Ge- 
brechlich,  to  be  afflicted,  frail,  shaky,  crazy  (see  brechen). 

GEDEIHEN  (intr.*),  gedieh,  gediehen,  to  thrive,  to  get  on,  to  grow, 
to  increase,  prosper. 

GEDENKIEN  (gen.,  tr.,  intr.),  gedachte,  gedacht,  to  think  of,  to  re- 
collect, remember,  mindful  of  (see  denken). 

GEFALLEN  (dat.,  imp.,  f),  gefiel,  gefallen,  to  please,  to  humor  one, 
to  please  one;  to  take  pleasure  or  delight  in;  to  relish;  to  take 
a  fancy  or  liking  to.  Es  gefallt  mir,  I  am  pleased,  it  pleases  me 
(see  fallen). 

GEHEN  (impers.,  intr.  *),  ging,  gegangen,  to  go,  pass,  walk  or  de- 
part; to  go  away,  to  extend  to. 
Abgehen  (*  sep.),  to  go  down,  away,  to  walk  off,  to  go  out,  to  come 

off,  to  pass,  to  evacuate. 
Angehen  (sep.,  *  o.),  to  approach,  go  towards,  to  apply  to;  to  solicit, 

request,  entreat;    to  begin,  to  go;    to  rot,  spoil,  to  be  unsound; 

to  be  passable,  tolerable,  to   do;    to  address;   to  open;    to   com- 
mence.    Das  geht  Sie  nicht  an,  this  does  not  concern  you. 
Aufgehen  (*  sep.),  to  walk  up,  to  rise,  arise,  to  mount,  to  come  loose, 

to  untwist,  to  be  even. 
Ausgehen  (*  sep.),  to  go  out,  to  proceed,  to  issue,  to  emanate,  to 

edit,  to  end,  terminate;   fail. 
Begehen  '(tr.,  ace),  to   celebrate,  to  solemnize,  to  keep,  to  do;   to 

commit,  perpetuate. 
Dahingehen  (sep.,  *),  to  pass  along,  to  saunter  along;    to  perish 

away,  to  die. 
Durchgehen  (sep.,  intr.,  *  tr.),  to  pass,  go  through;    to  wear  out; 

to  walk  one's  feet  sore;  to  look  over,  to  glance  over,  to  run  through; 

to  revise;  to  run  away,  to  escape.     Ich  habe  das  Buch  durchge- 

gangen,  I  examined,  I  looked  the  book  over. 
Eingehen  (sep.,  *),  to  enter,  go  in,  walk  in;    to  shrink,  to  be  lost; 

to  agree,  yield,  accede;    to  accept,  to  comply  with;  to  enter  into; 

to  dissolve,  to  cease. 
Einhergehen  (sep.,  *),  to  go  along;    to  carry  oneself;    to  appear; 

to  go  ragged,  miserably.     Stolz  einhergehen,  to  walk   proudly;   to 

have  a  proud  air  about  oneself. 
Entgegengehen  (dat.,  sep.,  *),  to  go  towards,  to  meet,  to  encounter, 

to  face,  to  advance  in. 
Entgehen  (dat.,  *),  to  escape,  get  off,  avoid;    to  fail,  to  leave,  to 

lose. 
Fortgehen  (sep.,  *),  to  leave,  to  go  away;    to  continue,  to  proceed, 

to  advance,  to  depart,  set  out. 
Hinaufgehen  (sep.,  *),  to  go  or  walk  up,  to  ascend,  to  rise. 

3 


34  IrregularVerbs. 

Hineingehen  (o.,  sep.,  *),  to  go  in;    to  find  room;  to  enter.    • 

Hingehen  {sep.,  *),  to  go  to;  to  pass,  to  elapse;  to  tolerate;  to  waste 
away;    to  go  about. 

Hintergehen  (/r.,  ace),  to  deceive,  delude,  to  decoy,  to  take  in;  to 
cheat. 

Hinuntergehen  (sep.,  *),  to  go  down,  to  descend,  to  go  down- 
stairs. 

Mitgehen  (sep.,  *),  to  go  along,  to  accompany,  to  attend,  to  join, 

Nachgehen  (dat.,  sep.,  *),  to  go  after,  to  follow;  to  prosecute,  to  court; 

to  give  one  the  precedence. 
tjbergehen  (sep.,  insep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  go  or  pass  over;  to  overflow,  to 

run  over;   to  turn,  change,  slide. 
Umgehen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace,  *),  to  go  round  or  about,  to  make  a  circuit; 

to  alternate;    to  turn  round,   to  revolve;    to  associate,  to  consort, 

to  have  intercourse  with;    to  treat. 
Vergehen  (refl.,  *),  to  pass,   elapse;    to   vanish,  disappear,  go;  to 

pine  away,  cease;  to  grow  weak. 
Vorangehen  (dat.,  sep.,  *)  (see  vorgehen). 
Vorbeigehen  (dat.,  sep.  *),  to  go,  to  pass  by;   to  blow  over. 
Vorgehen  (sep.,  *),  to  go  first,  to  take  the  lead;  to  proceed;  to  show; 

to  overtop;    to  outgo. 
Weggehen  (intr.,  *  sep.),  to  go  away,  to  go  off;   to  depart,  to  leave. 

Hinweggehen  iiber  etwas,  to  pass  over  a  thing  lightly,  to  slur  a 

thing. 
Zugehen  (sep.,  *),  to  move  towards,  to  go  up  to;   to  enter,  to  join, 

to  draw  to;    to  come  to  hand;    to  walk  on;    to  freeze  up;    to  ap- 
proach. 
Zuriickgehen  (sep.,  *),  to  go  back,  to  retrograde;    to  retrace  one's 

step;   to  be  broken  off,  to  resort,  to  fall  back;   to  deteriorate. 
Zuvorgehen  (dat.,  sep.,  *),  to  go  before,  to  advance;    to  proceed; 

to  lead. 

GELINGEN  (in^.,  imp.,  *  dat.),  gelang,  gelungen,  to  succeed,  to 
be  successful,  to  turn  out  right,  to  take  the  right  effect. 
Misslingen  (dat.,    imp.,    *),    to  go    amiss,    to  fail,  to  miscarry,  to 
succeed  ill,  to  prove  unsuccessful,  to  come  to  naught,  to  be  disap- 
f)ointed,  to  frustrate,  to  thwart.  • 

6ELTEN  (impers.y  f  o.),  gait,  gegolten,  to  be  worth,  cost,  to  be  current; 
to  prevail,  be  valid,  to  be  good;  to  be  fair,  allowable,  permitted 
to  be  of  authority,  to  pass  for. 

Entgelten  (tr.,  ace,  f),  to  pay  for,  to  atone  for,  to  suffer;  to  visit  upon 
one;    to  make  one  feel  a  thing. 

Vergelten  (tr.,  ace,  f),  to  repay;  requite ;  return;  retaliate,  to  recom- 
pense, remunerate,  reward. 


IrregularVerbs.  35 

GENESEN  {intr.,  gen.,  *),  genas,  genesen,  to  recover,  to  grow  well,  to 

be  convalescent. 
GENIESSEN  {tr.,  ace,  gen.),  genoss,  genossen,  to  enjoy,  make  use 
of;   to  have  the  benefit  of;   to  taste  (drink  or  food);   to  scent,  smell, 
catch  the  scent. 
Ausgeniessen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  empty  to  the  very  dregs;  to  empty 

(by  eating  and  drinking). 
Vollgeniessen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace.)  (see  geniessen). 
GERATEN  (*  intr.,  f),  geriet,  geraten,  to  come  into;    to  turn  out; 
to  prove;    to  fall  into;  opposite  of  missraten.     Ein  gut  geratenes 
Kind,  a  well-mannered,  well-brought-up  child  (see  ratten). 
GESCHEHEN  (*  imp.,   f),   geschah,  geschehen,   to   happen,   take 

place,  occur;    to  come  to  pass,  befall. 
GEWINNEN  {tr.,  ace),  gewann,  gewonnen,  to  win,  to  gain,  obtain, 
carry;    to  profit,  acquire,  get,  earn;    to  assume,  to  gather. 
Abgewinnen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  win,  gain,  or  obtain  something;  to 

carry  off  a  prize;    to  excel. 
Angewinnen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace.)  (see  gewinnen). 
GIESSEN  {o.,  tr.,  intr.,  reft.),   goss,  gegossen,  to  pour,  throw,  spill; 
to  found,  cast;    to  mould,  drop. 
Abgiessen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  pour  ofif,  clear  off;   to  decant;    to  take 

a  cast  of,  to  cast. 
Angiessen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  pour  to,  against  or  on;   to  calumniate; 

to  soil. 
Ausgiessen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  pour  out,  empty,  effuse;    to  dififuse, 

to  shed;   to  put  out;   to  fill  up. 
Begiessen  {tr.,  ace),  to  water;    to  sprinkle,   wet,   moisten,   bathe, 

soak;  to  pour  or  drip  upon. 
Eingiessen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  pour  in  or  into;    to  infuse,  cast;    to 

seal  or  fasten. 
Ergiessen  {refl),  to  flow  or  issue  out;  to  gush  or  pour  forth;  to  over- 
flow, to  run  over;    to  break  out  or  forth;    to  burst  or  run  into. 
Fortgiessen  {sep.,  tr.,  0.),  to  continue  pouring,  to  pour  away,  to  throw 

out. 
Vergiessen  {tr.,  ace),  to  spill,  shed;   to  consume  or  to  spoil  in  cast- 
ing;   to  fasten  together. 
Weggiessen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  pour  away,  to  pour  out  (see  fortgiessen). 
GLEICHEN  {tr.,  intr.,  dat.),  glich,  geglichen,  to  equal,  to  be  equal 
to;  to  match,  resemble,  to  be  like;  to  adjust. 
Abgleichen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  equal,  to  equalize;    to  level,  make 

even;    to  adjust,  settle,  audit;    compare. 
Angleichen  {0.,  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  assimilate,  to  make  look  like. 
Ausgleichen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  even,  equalize,  level;    to  balance. 


36  IrregularVerbs. 

adjust;  make  up;  to  clear,  to  compensate;  to  reconcile,  to  redeem; 
to  arrange,  to  agree. 

Begleichen  (/r.,  ace.)  (see  ausgleichen) . 

Nachgleichen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace.)  (see  abgleiehen). 

Vergleichen  {tr.,  ace.),  to  make  even,  to  level,  to  smooth;  to  equal- 
ize, to  compare;    to  parallel  (see  primitive  verb). 

Zugleichen  (o,  sep.,  tr.,  ace.),  to  make  even  or  smooth;  to  assimilate, 
to  adjust. 
GLEITEN  {intr.,  tr.,  *),  glitt,  geglitten,  to  glide,  to  slide,  to  slip  (poet, 
rhyming  dactyls).     Es  ist  ihm  aus  der  Hand  geglitten,  it  slipped 
from  his  hand. 

Abgleiten  (sep.,  *),  to  slip,  to  slide  or  glide  down  or  off;  to  glance 
off. 

Angleiten  {sep.,  *),  to  strike  against  in  gliding. 

Ausgleiten  {sep.,  *),  to  slide,  slip,  trip;  to  miss  a  step;  to  lose  foot- 
ing. 

Entgleiten  {intr.,  *),  to  slip,  slide  from;    to  escape;    drop  from,  to 
fall.     Wie  entglitt  es  Ihnen,  how  did  it  slide  from  you  ? 
GLIMMEN  {intr.,  *),  glomm,  geglommen,  to  burn  or  shine  faintly; 
to  glimmer,  glow,  gleam,  sparkle. 

Abglimmen  {sep.,  *),  to  cease  glowing  or  glimmering,  to  die  away 
gradually. 

Anglimmen  {sep.),  to  catch  fire;    to  kindle. 

Entgliimnen  (*),  to  kindle,  inflame;  to  get  in  love. 

Verglimmen  (also  refl.,  *),  glowing,  to  lose  its  glow,  to  cool  down, 
subside,  to  die  away  (see  primitive  verb). 
GRABEN  {tr.,  ace,  f),  grub,  gegraben,  to  dig,  trench,  delve;   to  en- 
grave, cut,  carve;    to  impress  deeply. 

Abgraben  {sep.,  f  ir.,  ace),  to  dig  off,  to  remove  by  digging,  to  sepa- 
rate by  digging,  to  drain,  pay  by  digging. 

Angraben  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace.)  (see  aufgraben),  to  dig  up,  break  ground, 
to  open,  unbury,  to  trench. 

Ausgraben  {sep.,  f  '''•.  ace),  to  dig  out  (of),  to  excavate  (ruins); 
to  dig,  delve,  cut  out;    to  disinter;   to  exhume. 

Begraben  (t  tr.,  ace),  to  bury,  to  inter,  to  sepulchre,  inhume;  to 
hide,  to  conceal. 

Eingraben  {sep.,  t  tr.,  dce),  to  dig  in,  to  inter,  to  hide,  to  lay  in  the 
ground;  to  engrave,  cut  in;  to  intrench,  dig  ditches  round;  to 
burrow,  to  cut. 

Entgraben  (f  tr.,  ace)  (see  ausgraben). 

Vergraben  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  inter,  to  bury,  to  hide  in  the  ground,  to 
intrench,  to  burrow,  to  bury  oneself  (see  primitive  verb). 

Zergraben  (f  tr.,  ace),  (see  aufwiihlen),  to  disarrange,  to  dig  out. 


t 


Irregular   Verbs.  37 

Zugraben  {sep.,  f  ^^-j  intr.),  to  cover  with  earth,  to  inter,  to  bury, 
to  hide  in  the  ground,  to  dig  on. 
GREIFEN  {tr.,  ace),  griff,  gegriffen,  to  grasp,  gripe,   lay  hand  on; 
seize,. catch.     Die  Flamme  greift  um  sich,  the  fire  is  spreading. 

Abgreifen  {sep.,  ace,  tr.),  to  wear  out  by  constant  handling  (books, 
touched  or  handled  volumes). 

Angreifen  {reft.,  sep.,  ace,  tr.),  to  attack,  assault,  to  charge  upon; 
to  handle,  to  invade,  insult,  offend.  Angegriffen  sein,  to  be  ex- 
hausted;   to  be  weak,  fatigued,  hurt. 

Begreifen  {tr.,  ace),  to  comprehend,  comprise,  contain;  to  con- 
ceive, apprehend,  understand. 

Eingreifen  {sep),  to  catch,  lock,  indent;  to  gear  together;  to  inter- 
fere, to  exert  power. 

Ergreifen  {tr.,  ace),  to  seize,  to  lay  hold  of,  to  take;  to  resort  to,  to 
adopt;    to  take,  embrace. 

Fortgreifen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  seize  from,  to  snatch  away,  to  grasp. 

Vergreifen  {reft),  to  buy  up,  to  consume;  to  sell  out,  to  be  out  of 
print;  to  mistake,  to  seize  improperly;  to  meddle;  to  outrage, 
violate  (see  primitive  verb). 

Zugreifen  {sep),  to  take  or  lay  hold  of;  to  lay  hand  upon;  to  take, 
seize;   to  bear,  lend  or  give  hand. 


BLABEN  {auxiliary  verb,  one  of  three)  {used  reg.  and  irreg.,  tr.,  imp.,  refl), 
hatte,  gehabt,  to  have,  to  take,  and  in  many  other  variations. 
Used  also  as  an  independent  or  principal  verb  in  a  sentence.  Was 
haben  Sie?     What  is  the  matter  with  you? 

Abhaben  {tr.,  sep),  to  have  off;  to  wish  to  partake  or  have  a  share  in. 

Anhaben  {tr.,  sep),  to  wear,  to  have  on;  to  hurt  one;  to  get  or  hold 
on  a  person. 

Aufhaben  {tr.,  sep),  to  keep  on,  to  keep  covered;  to  keep  open;  to 
have  a  task  to  do. 

Behaben  {refl.,  *),  to  behave,  to  deport;  to  give  to  oneself  or  to  as- 
sume an  air  of  importance  (a  verb  rarely  used). 

Gehaben  {refl.),  to  be  in  health.  Gehaben  Sie  sich  wohl!  good-bye  1 
adieu! 

Mithaben  {tr.,  sep),  to  have  about  one;    to  have  or  take  along. 

Theilhaben  {intr.,  sep),  to  share  in,  to  have  or  bear  a  share  in  some- 
thing. 

Vorhaben  {tr.,  sep),  to  wear  something  in  front  of;  to  be  engaged 
in  or  occupied  with;    to  be  at  something;    to  plan,  contemplate 


38  IrregularVerbs. 

something;    to  purpose,  to  intend  to  do  something;    to  plot,  to 
have  designs;    to.be  busy. 

Zuhaben  {tr.,  sep.),  to  have  or  to  keep  shut  or  locked  up;    to  wish 
something  in  the  bargain. 
HALTEN  (t  tr.,  intr.,  ace,  refl.),  hielt,  gehalten,  to  hold,  keep,  sup- 
port; entertain;   maintain;   detain,  check;  to  have;  to  observe. 

Abbehalten  (tr.,  f  sep.),  to  keep  off  or  away;  to  keep  one's  hat  off, 
to  remain  uncovered. 

Abhalten  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  hold,  to  keep,  to  prevent,  to  ward  off; 
to  keep  back,  detain,  hinder. 

Anbehalten  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  keep  on  (especially  of  things  pre- 
viously worn). 

Anhalten  (f  sep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  stop;  to  arrest,  to  hold  up;  to  pin; 
to  restrain,  to  control,  seize. 

Aufbehalten  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  keep  on;  to  keep  in  store;  to  save, 
reserve,  garner  up. 

Aufhalten  (f  sep.,  refl.,  tr.,  ace),  to  detain;  to  stop;  to  keep  up,  to 
delay;   to  censure,  criticize. 

Aushalten  (f  tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  sustain,  dwell  on;  to  hold  out,  to  en- 
dure;   to  bear,  suffer;    to  abide. 

Behalten  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  keep,  retain;  to  carry  over  (im  Magen,  to 
keep  in  the  stomach). 

Beibehalten  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  keep  up,  to  keep  on;  to  contain, 
to  continue,  to  reserve;    to  go  on. 

Einhalten  (refl.,  sep.,  f  if.,  ace),  to  detain,  check,  to  keep  within 
limits;    to  observe,  follow;    to  stop. 

Enthalten  (refl.,  f  tr.,  ace,  gen.),  to  contain,  comprise,  compre- 
hend;   to  hold,  include,  cover;    forbear,  refrain. 

Erhalten  (refl.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  receive,  obtain,  get,  to  hold  in;  to  pre- 
serve, save,  conserve;  to  acquire. 

Mithalten  (sep.,  f),  to  takepart  in,  to  participate  in,  to  join,  to  cele- 
brate with. 

Nachhalten  (sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  hold,  give,  or  celebrate  after  or  later; 
to  last  or  to  continue. 

Uberhalten  (tr.,  f),  to  hold  or  to  keep  over;  to  protect;  to  over- 
charge. 

Umbehalten  (sep.,  f  if.,  ace),  to  keep  on  (a  cloak  or  dress). 

Umhalten  (sep.,  f  ir.,  ace)  (see  halten). 

Unterhalten  (f  tr.,  sep.,  insep.,  refl.,  ace),  to  maintain,  sustain,  to 
support;  to  keep  or  hold  under;  to  keep  up;  to  entertain,  to 
amuse,  to  converse,  to  discourse,  talk  about;  to  enjoy  oneself. 

Verhalten  (f  tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  keep  back,  retain,  suppress;  to  act, 
to  behave;    to  be  in  relation;  to  compsire. 


\ 


IrregularVerbs.  39 

Verhalten,  sich  (f),  to  keep  quiet,  to  obey  directions. 
Vorbehalten  {ir.,  sep.,  f  dat.),  to  keep  on;    to  keep,  reserve,  or  save, 

to  claim  or  reserve;   to  stipulate;    to  copyright.      Ich  behalte  es  mir 

vor,  I  shall  keep  it  under  reserve. 
Vorenthalten  (ir.,  f  sep.),  to  keep  back,  to  withhold;    to  deprive  of; 

to  detain;  to  cut  one  short. 
Zubehalten  {tr.,  f  sep.),  to  keep  shut,  to  keep  quiet;  to  keep  buttoned 

up. 
Zuriickbehalten  (ir.,  f  sep.),  to  keep  back,  to  retain,  to  withhold 

from. 
HANGEN  (see  hdngen,  reg.  verbs)  (h.,  *,  f),  hing,  gehangen,  to  hang; 

to  be  suspended;  to  fasten;  to  attach;  to  swing;    to  catch,  to  stick. 

An  einander  hangen,  to  cleave  or  stick  to  one  another,  to  be  on 

friendly  terms. 
Abhangen  {sep.,  f),  to  hang  at  a  distance,  to  decline,  slope;   to  de- 
pend on,  to  wait  for,  to  take  off,  to  unhang. 
Anhangen  {o.,  sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  hang,  append,  fasten,  add,  join, 

annex,  to  follow,  to  hang  on;    to  sufl&x. 
Aufhangen  {reft.,  sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  hang  up,  to  hang,  to  suspend; 

to  put  up  a  thing. 
Aushangen  {sep.,  intr.,  tr.,  refl.),  to  hang  out;  to  exhibit;  to  put  up; 

to  unhinge;   to  display;   to  post. 
Es  hangt  davon  ab  (f  imp.),  it  depends  upon,  it  is  a  question  of 

argument. 
Zusammenhangen  (f  sep.),  to  hang  together,  to  cohere;    to  be 

connected,  to  communicate;  to  be  involved.    Wie  hangt  es  zusam- 

men?  in  what  relation  does  it  stand? 
HAUEN  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  dat.,  ace;   reg.  and  irreg.),  hieb,  gehauen, 

to   cut,   hew,   chop;    to  cut  up;   to  whip;   to  strike,   scuffle;    to 

beat. 
Abhauen  {tr.,  sep.,  ace),  to  chop,  cut,  strike  ofiF;   to  hew  down;   to 

detruncate;     to    decapitate,    behead;    to    beat    soundly    (abprii- 

geln). 
Anhauen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  make  the  first  cut  into;  to  open;  to  cut  feeders; 

to  whip  on,  to  drive  forward  by  whipping;    to  mark;    to  examine 

by  cutting. 
Aufhauen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  cut,  break,  or  hew  open;   to  flay  a  per- 
son's back  by  flogging;   to  pile  up;   to  cut  anew  or  again;  to  beat, 

to  strike. 
Aushauen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  dig,  excavate,  to  hollow  out;    to  cut, 

carve,  punch  out;   to  thin  (a  forest),  to  clear  away  trees;   to  whip, 

flog;    to  drub,  thrash. 
Behauen  {tr.),  to  spot,  to  hew;   to  cut,  to  chip,  to  fell;   to  trim;   to 

edge,  square,  dress;   to  assay;   to  chisel. 


40  IrregularVerbs. 

Durchhauen  (/r.,  intr.,  sep.,  insep.,  ace),  to  cut  or  hew  through; 
to  split,  cleave  asunder;  to  break  or  force  through;  to  horse- 
whip;   to  slander,  traduce,  or  calumniate;    to  thrash  one  through. 

Einhauen  (tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  fall,  rush,  or  pounce  upon;  to  attack 
impetuously;  to  plunge,  run,  or  thrust  into;  to  cut  or  carve  in;  to 
engrave;   to  cut  up  (meat). 

Forthauen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  drive  one  away  by  blows. 

Verhauen  {tr.,  refl.),  to  injure  by  knocking  or  beating;  to  thrash 
a  person,  to  give  a  person  a  hiding;  to  waste  or  use  up  one's  wood 
in  cutting;  to  blunder,  to  miss;  to  bar;  to  mince;  to  shorten;  to 
prune;    to  spoil. 

Weghauen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  cut  away,  to  throw  away  by  cutting. 

Zerhauen  {tr.),  to  cut  or  hew  asunder  or  in  two;  to  chop  to  pieces; 
to  beat  soundly. 

Zusammenhauen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  hew  to  pieces,  to  cut  up;    to  cut 
down;    to  massacre. 
HEBEN  {tr.,  ace),  hob,  gehoben,  to  lift,  heave,  hoist,  draw  up;  to 
raise,  elevate;    set^ofif. 

Abheben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  lift  or  take  off;  to  cut;  to  detach;  to 
separate,  to  unwind. 

Aufheben  {tr.,  sep.,  ace),  to  raise,  lift  up;  heave,  take  up;  to  pick 
up;    to  remove,  finish;    to  neutralize,  to  capture,  to  keep. 

Ausheben  {tr.,  sep.,  ace),  to  unset,  unhinge;  to  draw  out;  to  pick 
out,  to  select,  to  levy,  raise;    to  empty. 

Emporheben  {intr.,  sep.,  refl.),  to  elevate,  to  heave  up;  to  exalt, 
to  cast  up;    to  rise,  bear,  to  lift  oneself  up. 

Entheben  {tr.,  ace,  gen.),  to  take  away,  to  lift  from;  to  case,  to  ex- 
onerate;  to  exempt,  deliver  from;   spare. 

Erheben  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  lift,  elevate,  raise;  to  advance,  prefer,  pro- 
mote;   to  praise,  extol;   to  exalt;   to  levy;   to  take  up,  to  collect. 

tjberheben  {tr.,  ace),  to  discharge,  exempt,  excuse;  to  excuse  from. 

tjberheben,  sich  {refl.),  to  be  overproud;  to  be  overweening, 
haughty;  to  be  conceited;  boast,  brag. 

Umheben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.)  (see  heben), 

Verheben  {refl.),  to  lift  in  a  wrong  manner;  to  strain  oneself;  to 
stop,  hinder;    to  hurt  oneself. 

Zuriickheben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  lift  back,  to  replace;  to  bring  back. 
HEISSEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  imp.),  hiess,  geheissen,  to  call,  name;  to 
bid,  desire,  tell,  enjoin;   to  command.     Wie  heissen  Sie?  what  is 
your  name? 

Verheissen  {tr.,  ace),  to  promise,  to  prophesy. 
HELFEN  {intr.,  imp.,  refl.,  t  o.),  half,  geholfen,  to  help,  aid,  sup- 
port; succor;  to  assist,  relieve;    to  cure. 


IrregularVerbs.  41 

Abhelfen  {sep.,  f),  to  relieve,  supply,  redress;    to  remedy,  to  help; 

to  correct,  amend. 
Aufhelfen  {sep.,  f),  to  help  one,  to  give  a  lift;  to  set  up,  to  prop  up; 

to  support,  assist. 
Aushelfen  {dat.,  sep.,  f),  to  aid,  assist,  help,  succor,    relieve;    to 

accommodate,  supply;    to  support. 
Mithelfen  {sep.,  f),  to  assist,  to  give  a  helping  hand,  to  co-operate. 
Nachhelfen  {sep.,  f),  to  help   forward,  to  assist,  to  lend  a  helping 

hand;   to  touch  up,  to  rem.edy. 
Verhelfen  {insep.,  f),  to  help  to,  to  assist  in  obtaining;    to  procure; 

to  put  one  in  the  way  of. 


B:EIFEN  {inlr.),  kiff  (keifte),  gekiffen,  to  scold,  to  chide;   to  rate;  to 

upbraid;    to  grumble,  quarrel;  to  nag;  to  brawl. 
KENNEN  {refl.,  tr.,  ace),  kannte,  gekannt,  to  know,  to  be  acquainted 
with;   to  have  knowledge  of. 

Anerkennen  {sep.,  ace.,  tr.),  to  value,  to  acknowledge,  recognize; 
appreciate. 

Auskennen  {tr.,  sep.,  refl.),  to  discriminate,  to  know  a  person;  to 
have  knowledge  or  intelligence  of;    to  see  one's  way  clearly. 

Bekennen  {refl.,  tr.,  ace),  to  confess,  own,  acknowledge;  to  follow 
suit;    to  advocate,  embrace,  avow;    hold  to. 

Erkennen  {tr.,  ace),  to  perceive,  to  identify,  to  know;  to  acknowl- 
edge, discern,  distinguish;  to  credit  for,  to  stand;  to  decide,  judge, 
award;    to  allow,  admit. 

Verkennen  {tr.,  ace),  to  mistake,  to  take  for  another;  to  misjudge, 
misconstrue;    to  be  mistaken. 

Zuerkennen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  award,  adjudge,  to  acknowledge, 
to  allow  (Strafe — ,  to  condemn). 
EXEEBEN  (KLEBEN)  {tr.,  ace),  klob,  gekloben,  to  cleave,  to  fasten, 

to  stick  together. 
KLEMMEN   {tr.,  ace.;  old  irregular  form,  hut  now  used  as  regular  verb), 
klamm  or  klemmte,  geklemmt,  to  feel  heavy  at  heart,  to  feel 
oppressed   (for  klemmen,  to   pinch,   squeeze,   screw,  nip,  etc.,   see 
list  of  regular  verbs). 

Beklemmen  {tr.,  refl.),  to  be  afflicted,  oppressed;  to  grieve.  Warum 
wollen  Sie  mir  das  Herz  beklemmen  ?  why  do  you  want  to  make  my 
heart  uneasy  ?  in  beklommener  Stimmung  sein,  to  be  in  a  depressed 
mood;  es  ist  heute  eine  beklemmende  Hitze,  it  is  a  sultry  heat  to- 
day. 


42  Irregular   Verbs. 

KLIMMEN  {inter.,  hah.,  *),  klomm,  geklommen,  to  ascend,  to  rise, 

to  climb,  to  clamber,  to  aspire,   to  twine  up. 
Aufklimmen  {sep.,  *  ),  to  climb  up  (see  aufklettern). 
Erklimmen  (*  tr.,  ace),   to  climb  up,   to  ascend,  to  rise  up.    Er 

hat  das  Hochste  erklommen,  he  reached  the  very  highest. 
Heraufklimmen  {sep.,  *  tr.,  ace)  (see  aufklimmen). 
KLINGEN    {imp.,   intr.),    klang,   geklungen,    to   sound,   to   clink, 

tinkle;    to  chime,  ring,  chink. 
Abklingen  {sep),  to  expire,  die  off;    to  decrease  in    intensity;    to 

sound  away. 
Ausklingen  {sep)  {ausklingeln,  to  cease  ringing  a  bell). 
Entklingen  (*  imp)  (see  erklingen). 
Erklingen  {imp),  to  jingle,  to  resound,  to  ring  out;   to  begin  to 

sound. 
Umklingen  {sep)  (see  erklingen). 

Verklingen  (*  imp),  to  die  away,  to  sound  away,  to  cease  ring- 
ing. 
KNEIFEN  {tr.,  ace),  kniff,  gekniffen,  to  pinch,  to  hurt;  to  nip  (Segel— , 

to  keep  close  to  the  wind) . 
Einkneifen  {tr.,  sep.,  ace.),  to  pinch  in,  to  mark  with  the  nail;  to  stop 

at  or  frequent  a  place. 
KOMMEN  {intr.,    imp.,    *    o),  kam,    gekommen,   to    arrive;    to 

come,  get  in  or  into;   to  happen;   arise,   cost;    to  reach;    to  be 

worth. 
Abbekommen  {tr.,  sep),  to  sever;    to  loosen;    to  get  off;    to  par- 
ticipate in  a  thing;  to  share,  to  get  a  share  in. 
Abkommen  {o.,intr.,  sep.,  *),  to  come  or  get  down  from;  to  proceed, 

derive  or  descend  from;  to  miss  (the  road),  to  go  astray;   to  come 

away,  to  get  off. 
Ankomnien  (*  sep),  to  arrive,  come,  drop  or  get  in;   to  approach, 

advance;    to  depend  upon. 
Aufkommen  (*  sep),  to  get  up,  come  up;    to  grow  up,  recover; 

to  come  into  vogue,  into  fashion. 
Auskominen  (*  sep),  to  come  out;  to  have  enough,  to  be  satisfied; 

to  get  on,  succeed;    transpire. 
Beikommen  (*  sep),  to  be  enclosed,  annexed;    to  come  or  get  at; 

to  reach,  match,  assist;    repair. 
Bekommen  {dat.,  tr.,  ace,  hah),  to  get,  have,  take,  receive,  obtain; 

to  agree,  to  do. 
Emporkonimen  (*  sep),  to  get  up  or  on  in  the  world;  to  rise,  thrive, 

or  succeed;   to  spring  up. 
Entgegenkoininen  {dat.,  sep.,  *),  to  meet,  to  come  to  meet;  to 

approach,  to  settle. 


IrregularVerbs.  43 

Entkommen  {dat.,  *),  to  escape,  evade,  to  come  or  get  off;  to  make 
or  have  a  narrow  escape. 

Es  bekommt  mir  {imp),  it  agrees  with  me. 

Mitkommen  {sep.,  *),  to  come  along,  to  join,  to  go  with,  to  accom- 
pany. 

Wachkommen  {sep.,  *),  to  come  after,  to  follow;    to  fulfill,  to  at- 
tend, to  comply  with. 

Nahekommen  {sep.,  *),  to  approach,  to  come  near.     Sich  nahern, 
to  advance. 

Riickwarts  kommen  {sep.,  *),  to  go  backwards,  to  recede;  to  back 
astern. 

Sich  bekommen  {refl.),  to  get  (marry)  each  other. 

Umkommen  {sep.,  *),  to  perish,  die;   to  spoil  from  not  being  used; 
to  lose. 

Verkommen  (*),  to  starve,  perish,  to  go  to  ruin,  to  decay  or  pine 
away. 

Vorkommen  {dat.,  sep.,  *),  to  occur,  happen;    offer,  present;    to 
be  found,  to  meet  with. 

Vorwarts  kommen  {sep.,  *),  to  come  forward,  to  succeed;    to  get 
along. 

Zukommen  {dat.,  *  sep),  to  approach,  to  go  up  to;   to  pass  on  to; 
to  send  a  thing;  to  be  entitled  to. 

Zuvorkomimen  {dat.,  sep.,  *),  to  get  ahead,  to  be  beforehand;  to 
forestall,  prevent;  to  be  polite. 
KONNEN  {auxiliary  verb  of  mood,  one  of  six),  konnte,  gekonnt,  express- 
ing capability  or  permission;  possibility  or  right;  artistic,  intellectual, 
moral,  or  physical  ability.  Ich  kann,  I  can,  I  am  able,  I  am 
willing,  desirous  of,  I  am  capable,  I  have  the  ability  to. 
KRIECHEN  (i«/r.,  •!=),  kroch,  gekrochen,  to  creep,  crawl;  to  sneak, 
to  grovel. 

Abkriechen  {sep.,  *),  to  creep  off  or    away    (see    wegkriechen   or 
fortkriechen) . 

Ankriechen  {sep.,  *),  to  creep  up  or  crawl  near;  to  approach  crawl- 
ingly. 

Aufkriechen  {sep.,   *),  to  crawl  upward;    to  throw  oneself  upon; 
to  bother. 

Auskriechen  {sep.,  *),  to  creep  or  crawl  out  of;   to  peep  out  of;   to 
be  hatched  out. 

Beikriechen  {sep.,  *)  (see  lierheikriechen) . 

Einkriechen  {sep.,  *),  to  creep  in;    to  shrink  or  shrivel  up. 

Heraufkriechen  {sep.,  *)  (also  hereinkriechen),  to  creep  in. 

Herbeikriechen  {sep.,  *),  to  crawl  to  a  place,  to  approach  by  crawl- 
ing along. 


44  Irregular    Verbs. 

Heninterkriechen   {sep.y  *)   (also  herunterkommen),   to    come    or 

creep  down;    to  come  oflf. 
Nachkriechen  {sep.,  *)   (also    nachschleichen),  to   sneak  after,    to 

dog  one;    to  creep  after. 
Umkriechen  {sep.,  *),  to  creep  or  sneak  round. 
Verkriechen  {sep.,  refl.),  to  creep  away,  to  hide,  abscond;   to  cover 

oneself  from. 
Zukriechen  {sep.,  *)  (or  nahe  kriechen),  to  creep,  crawl,  or  sneak 

to. 
Zuriickkriechen  {sep.,  *),  to  sneak  or  crawl  away. 
KUREN  {Ir.,  ace),  kor,  gekoren,  to  choose,  to  elect,  to  select. 
Abkiiren  {sep.,  tr.,  ace.)  (see  kuren). 

Erkuren  (erkiesen)  {tr.),  to  select,  to  elect,  to  make  a  choice. 
Umkiiren  {sep.,  tr.,  ace)  (see  kiiren). 


LADEN  {tr.,  f  ace;  reg.  and  irreg),  lud,  geladen,  to  lade,  load,  to 
freight;  to  ship;  to  fill,  charge,  invite.  Etwas  auf  sich  laden,  to 
incur  something. 

Abladen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  unload,  disburden,  discharge,  to  unpack, 
to  unlade, 

Anladen  {sep.,  tr.,  f  ace.)  (see  eirdaden). 

Atifladen  {sep.,  tr.,  ^  ace),  to  load,  lade;  to  burden  one  with;   to  put 
one  to  trouble  (thrash  one). 

Ausladen  {sep.,  tr.,  f  ace),  to  unload,  unpack,  discharge,  to  disburden, 
to  disembark,  break  bulk. 

Beladen  {tr.,  f  ace),  to  load,  charge  freight;  to  encumber,  burden; 
to  freight  a  ship. 
.  Einladen  {sep.,  tr.,  f  ace),  to  lade  or  load  in,  take  in  cargo;  to  in- 
vite, ask,  bid;    to  cite,  summon. 

Entladen  {tr.,  refl.,  f  ace),  to  disburden,  unload;  to  exonerate;  to  dis- 
charge;   to  clear. 

tiberladen  {sep.,tr.,-\acc),  to  overload,  overfreight;  to  overcharge, 
overburden;    to  clog,  overdo. 

Umladen  {sep.,  tr.,  f  ace),  to  unlade,  to  shift;  to  lade  in  another  car- 
riage or  vessel;    tranship. 

Verladen  (/r.,  t  ace),  to  load,  lade,  ship;   to  send,  tranship;   to  load 
wrongly. 

Vorladen  {tr.,  f  sep.,  ace),  to  cite,  summon;   to  subpoena;  to  load 
ahead  or  before  some  one. 


Irregular    Verbs.  45 

LASSEN  (o.,  tr.,  inir.,  f  ace),  liess,  gelassen,  to  let,  give  up,  desist 
from,  forbear;    to  allow,  permit,  to  abstain,  refrain,  or  desist  from. 

Ablassen  (sep.,  f),  to  leave  off,  to  cease;  to  desist;  to  slacken;  let 
or  draw  off;   dispose. 

Anlassen  {sep.,  reft.,  f  ir.,  ace),  to  let  on  or  into;  to  keep  on;  to 
address,  treat,  receive. 

Auflassen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  leave  open,  to  suffer,  to  rise;  to  aban- 
don, resign,  give  up. 

Auslassen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  let  out,  discharge,  issue;  to  omit, 
skip,  to  leave  out;   to  strain. 

Beilassen  {sep.,  f  tr-,  ace)  (see  zulassen). 

Belassen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  leave  in  the  former  condition  or  place;  to 
continue  in. 

Durchlassen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  let  or  pass  through;  to  strain  or 
filter;    to  suffer  to  pass. 

Einlassen  {refl.,  sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  let  in,  admit;  to  immit;  to  enter 
into;    to  engage;    to  enter,  to  deal. 

Entlassen  (f  tr.,  ace,  gen.),  to  -  dismiss,  give  leave,  discharge;  to 
absolve,  emancipate,  release. 

Erlassen  {tr.,  insep.),  to  issue,  announce,  publish,  proclaim,  prom- 
ulgate; to  exempt,  to  release  from;  to  abate,  to  remit;  to  dis- 
charge from  (fine);    to  forgive,  to  absolve. 

Fortlassen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  suffer  (one)  to  go  or  to  proceed;  to 
suffer  to  go  away  or  let  off. 

Herablassen  {refl.,  sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  let  down,  to  descend;  to  stoop 
to  meanness;    to  condescend. 

Herauflassen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  let  or  allow  one  to  go  or  get  up. 

Herauslassen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  let  out,  to  suffer  to  go  or  pass 
out. 

Herunterlassen  {sep.,  f  ir.,  ace),  to  let  down  (see  herablassen). 

Hervorlassen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace)  (see  herauslassen). 

Loslassen  {tr.,  *  intr.),  to  let  go,  fall,  or  fly;  to  loose,  to  quit;  to  un- 
couple; to  let  or  set  free,  at  liberty;  to  release,  discharge;  to  launch, 
let  fly;  to  relax,  give  way.  Was  haben  Sie  losgelassen?  what 
have  you  done? 

Mitlassen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace)  {mitgehen). 

Nachlassen  {intr.,  f  tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  leave  behind,  bequeath,  to 
transmit;  to  slacken,  relax,  loosen,  to  remit;  let  go,  permit;  to 
rebate,  abate;    to  make  an  allowance. 

Niederlassen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.,  f  refl.),  to  let  down;  to  alight;  to  sit 
down;    to  settle  or  establish  oneself. 

Uberlassen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  leave,  give  up;  relinquish;  to  aban- 
don, resign;   to  cede,  transfer. 


46  IrregularVerbs. 

Unterlassen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  intermit,  leave  off;  to  cease  from,  to 
discontinue;   to  fail,  omit. 

Veranlassen  (/r.),  to  occasion,  to  give  rise  to,  to  bring  about,  to 
induce;  to  involve,  to  entail,  to  effect;  to  be  the  cause  of;  to  oblige, 
to  instigate,  to  attempt;    to  prevail  upon. 

Verlassen  {reft.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  abandon,  forsake;  to  leave,  quit, 
to  vacate;  to  desert,  relinquish.  Sie  konen  sich  auf  mich  ver- 
lassen, you  may  depend  on  me. 

Vorbeilassen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  let  or  permit  a  person  to  pass. 

Vorlassen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  give  the  precedence;  to  admit  before; 
to  give  access;   to  come  forward. 

Voriiberlassen  {tr.,  sep.)  (see  vorbeilassen). 

Weglassen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  let  off;  to  discharge;  to  omit;  to  allow 
or  suffer  one  to  leave,  to  discharge  (a  person). 

Zulassen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  leave  unopened;  to  admit;^to  allow, 
suffer,  permit,  grant,  concede. 

Zurticklassen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  leave  behind,  to  abandon;  to 
lay  up,  to  spare;  to  subjoin  to. 
LAUFEN  (t  *),  lief,  gelaufen,  to  run,  flow,  leak,  drop,  trickle;  to 
be  in  motion;  move.  Es  lauft  sich  hier  gut,  it  is  good  running 
here.  Es  iiberlauft  mich  heiss,  I  feel  hot  all  over.  Seines  Weges 
laufen,  to  go  one's  way. 

Ablaufen  {sep.,  f  *),  to  elapse,  pass  away,  end;  to  run  out;  to  flow 
off;   to  expire,  to  be  due. 

Anlaufen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace,  f  *),  to  begin  to  run,  rush  upon,  to  rise, 
swell;    to  put  into;    to  increase. 

Auflaufen  {sep.,  f  *),  to  swell,  rise,  increase;  to  run  up;  to  germi- 
nate;   to  swell,  distend,  inflate. 

Auslaufen  {sep..  If*),  to  run  out,  to  start  out;  to  leak  out,  to  dis- 
charge itself;    to  clear. 

Beilaufen  {sep.,  f  *),  to  run  by  the  side  of  (der  Beilaufer,  the  foot- 
boy,  the  errand  boy). 

Belaufen  (f),  to  amount  or  come  up  to;  to  line,  to  copulate.  Es 
belauft  sich  auf,  it  amounts  to. 

Einlaufen  {sep.,  t  *),  to  come  in,  enter,  arrive;  to  sponge;  to  keep 
in;    to  call  at  a  port. 

Entlaufen  {dat.,  f  *).  to  run  away,  desert,  escape;  to  elope  with; 
to  give  one  the  slip. 

Mitlaufen  {sep.,  f  *),  to  run  along  with  (ein  Mitlaufer,  a  young 
stag). 

Nachlaufen  {sep.,  f  *  dat.),  to  run  after;  to  dangle  after;  to  bother 
one;   to  make  a  fool  of  oneself 

'Ol>erlaufen  {tr.,  refl.,  intr.  *),  to  run  over,  to  overflow;    to  run  a 


Irregular    Verbs.  47 

person  down;    to  overtake  a  person;    to  overboil;    to  go  over  to, 
to  desert;    to  intrude,  annoy;    outrun. 

Verlaufen  {'\  haben,  refl.,  *),  to  flow  or  run  off;  to  fall,  decrease,  sub- 
side; to  pass,  elapse,  expire,  go  by;  to  lose  one's  way;  to  turn  out; 
to  pass  off. 

Weglaufen  (intr.,  *),  to  run  away,  to  escape;   to  run  off,  to  desert. 

Zerlaufen  (f  *),  to  wear  out  by  running.  Sich  zu  Tode  laufen,  to 
tire  oneself  to  death,  to  kill  oneself  in  running. 

Zulaufen  (sep.,  dai.,  f  *),  to  run  to  or  toward  one;  to  flock,  to  run 
on;  to  taper;    to  mend  one's  pace. 

Zuriicklaufen  (sep.,  f  *)>  to  leap  back,  to  run  or  flow  back;  to  retro- 
grade, to  recoil. 

Zusammenlaufen  (sep.,  f  *),  to  shrink;   to  gather,  to  flock  to;  to 
concentrate,  to  meet;    to  crowd  to. 
LEIDEN  (/r.,  dat.,  intr.,  ace),  litt,  gelitten,  to  suffer,  to  be  in  pain, 
endure;    undergo;    to  abide,  tolerate,  to  like;    to  sustain. 

Ausleiden  (sep.),  to  suffer  to  the  end,  to  cease  suffering;  to  die, 
to  expire. 

Erleiden  (tr.,  ace),  to  suffer;  to  sustain,  bear,  to  undergo,  to  abide, 
to  endure. 

Mitleiden  (sep.),  to  partake  of  one's  suffering,  to  sympathize;  to 
bear  with  a  person. 

Nothleiden  (sep.),  to  be  suffering,  distressed,  to  be  in  need,  in 
want. 

Verleiden  (tr.,  dai.,  ace,  regular  form,  see  primitive  verb,  list  of 
regular  verbs),  to  render  disagreeable;  to  be  dissatisfied  or  dis- 
gusted with ;  to  make  averse  Es  ist  mir  verleidet,  I  am  displeased 
or  sick  of  it. 

LEIHEN  (tr.,  dat.,  ace),  lieh,  geliehen,  to  lend,  to  let  out  on  hire;  to 

borrow,  to  part  with;   to  get;   attribute;   to  credit  with. 
Ableihen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  borrow  something  from  one;    to  be  in 

the  habit  of  borrowing. 
Anleihen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  borrow,  to  raise  a  loan  on. 
Aufleihen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  borrow  up. 
Ausleihen  (sep.,  tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  lend  out,  to  put  out;   to  invest 

capital,  to  put  out  at  interest.      Ich  lieh  es  mir,  I   had  it  lent  to 

me. 
Beleihen  (tr.,  ace),  to  invest;    to  endow  with. 
Entleihen  (tr.,  ace)  (entlehnen),  to  borrow,  to  derive;    to  take  out 

from;    to  derive  from. 
Mitverleihen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace)  (verleihen). 
Verleihen  (tr.,  ace),  to  lend,  let  out;    to  put  at  interest,  to  invest; 

to  confer  upon;    to  bestow. 


48  IrregularVerbs. 

Wegleihen  (tr.,  sep.,  daL),  to  lend  to  a  person;   to  give  to  somebody 

as  a  loan. 
LESEN  ( t  intr.,  tr.,  ace),  las,  gelesen,  to  gather,  pick,  glean;  to  read, 

recite,  lecture;    grasp. 
Ablesen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  pick  off,  pluck  off,  gather  from;  to  wear 

off  by  much  reading;    to  finish  gathering;    to  read  from. 
Auflesen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  pick  up,  to  gather. 
Auslesen  {sep.,  f  t^-,  a-cc),  to  select,  elect,  pick  or  single  out;    to 

choose;   to  finish  reading;   to  end. 
'Belesen{insep.,  f  *)»  to  be  well  or  deep  read;  to  pick  and  clean;  to  be 

studied,  versed  in  books.      Ein  sehr  belesener  Mensch,  a  man  of 

extended  reading. 
Mitlesen  {sep.,  f),  to  read  conjointly  (see  mithalten). 
Nachlesen  {sep.,  t  tr.,  ace),  to  glean;  to  read  after,  to  read  a  quoted 

passage;   to  follow  reading,  repeat. 
tlberlesen  (f  tr.,  sep.,  insep.,  ace),  to  read  'over,  to  run  over,  peruse; 

to  overlook  in  reading,  to  read  proof  {iibersetzen). 
Umlesen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace)  (see  iiherlesen). 
Verlesen  (t  tr.,  dat.,ace),  to  recite,  read  aloud;  to  call  over  names, 

to  pass  in  reading;  to  read  wrong;  to  be  absorbed  by  a  book;  to 

read  too  much;    to  be  doomed,  lost. 
Vorlesen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace,  0.),  to  gather  before  some  one  else;  to 

read  to;   to  call  over  entries;  read  aloud. 
Zerlesen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  spoil  a  volume  by  too  much  reading.     Ein 

zerlesenes  Buch,  a  well-read  book. 
LIEGEN  {intr.,haben,  *  imp.),  lag,  gelegen,  to  lie,  incline,  lean;  rest, 

to  be  placed  or  situated,  to  stand;   to  be  ill  or  sick;   to  be  at  a 

standstill.     Es  liegt  daran,  it  is  of  consequence,  of  importance  to. 

Was  liegt  daran,  what  of  that!  who  cares  about  it!     Brach  liegen, 

to  lie  fallow. 

Abliegen  (*  sep),  to  be  or  lie  at  a  distance;  to  be  far;  to  wear  or  rub 

off  by;    to  be  bedridden. 
Anliegen  {imp.y  intr.,  *  0.),  to  lie  close  to,  to  join,  to  sit  close,  to  adhere 

to,  fit. 
Ausliegen  (*  sep),  to  lie  long  enough,  to  lie  a  fixed  time;  toipiprove 

by  or  lose  by  lying. 
Erliegen  (*  dat.,  insep),  to  sink,  bend;  to  succumb;  to  lie  under; 

to  be  overwhelmed  with. 

Obliegen  {intr.,  dat.,  imp.,  *  sep),  to  conquer,  prevail,  to  be  victorious; 

to  be  imposed  as  a  duty;   to  apply  oneself  to;  to  study,  pursue;   to 

ply  or  fix  the  mind  upon. 
Umliegen    (*  sep),    to    lie    round,    to   lie   on   the    ground;   to 

surround. 


IrregularVerbs.  49 

Unterliegen  {dat.,  *),  to  be  at  the  bottom  of;  to  be  at  the  basis; 
succumb;    yield;    to  be  subjected. 

LOSCHEN  {intr.,  *  t,  used  as  regular  and  as  irregular  verb),  losch, 
geloschen,  to  put  out,  to  extinguish,  to  go  out.  Das  Licht  is 
erloschen,  the  candle  went  out;  lisch  das  Gas  um  neun  Uhr  aus,  put 
out  the  gas  at  nine.  (For  loschen,  to  erase,  blot  out,  to  quench 
one's  thirst,  etc.,  see  list  0}  regular  verbs.) 

Abloschen  {intr.,  *  sep.,  t)  to  extinguish,  to  die  away  (for  abloschen, 
to  erase,  etc.,  see  regular  verbs). 

Ausloschen  (intr.,  *  sep.,  f),  to  go  out,  to  be  extinguished,  to  drop,  to 
put  out. 

Erloschen  (intr.,  *  f))  to  die  away,  decline;  to  go  out,  to  become 
void,  extinguished,  extinct;  to  expire. 

Verloschen  (Intr.,  *  f),  to  go  out,  to  become  extinct,  obliterated; 
to  die,  expire  (see  primitive  verb) . 

LUGEN  (intr.,  dat.,  tr.),  log,  gelogen,  to  lie,  tell  a  lie  or  falsehood; 

deceive,  be  false  to. 
Abliigen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  deny  by  false  assertion;  to  obtain  from 

by  lying;  to  get  by  asserting  falsehood. 
Anliigen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  belie,  to  calumniate;  to  impute  falsely; 

to  tell  falsehood. 
Beliigen  (tr.,  ace),  to  belie,  to  tell  a  lie,  to  deceive;    to  tell  a  story, 

a  falsehood,     Sich  selbst  beliigen,  to  be  a  liar  to  oneself. 
Vorliigen   (tr.,  sep.,  dat.),  to  lie  to  a  person,  to  tell  an  untruth,  to 

cram  one  with  lies.     Verlogen  sein,  to  be  given  to  lying. 


M. 

MAHLEN  (tr.,  imp.,  refl.,  ace;  reg.  and  irreg.),  mahlte,  gemahlen, 

to   grind,    to   mill,    to    pulverize,    to    powder.     Es   mahlt   mir  im 

Kopfe,  my  head  is  swimming  around. 
Abmahlen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  grind  off,  to  grind  duly  or  completely; 

to  finish  grinding. 
Anmahlen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  grind  up  for  stock. 
Ausmahlen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  grind  out,  to  cease  grinding,  to  finish,  etc. 
Einmahlen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  grind  for  storing  it  up. 
Ummahlen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  grind  or  to  mill  over,  to  regrind. 
Vermahlen  (tr.,  ace),  to  grind  up;    to  spoil  by  bad  grinding. 
Zermahlen  (tr.,  ace),  to  grind  up,  to  grind  to  pieces,  to  powder, 

to  crush  finely. 
Zumahlen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace)  (see  mahlen), 
4 


50  IrregularVerbs. 

MEIDEN  {tr.,  ace),  mied,  gemieden,  to  avoid,  shun,  to  keep  clear 

from;    to  abstain  from,  to  forbear.     Ich  kann  es  nicht  meiden,  I 

cannot  do  without  it. 
Sich  meiden  (refl.),  to  avoid  each  other,  shun  one  another. 
Vermeiden  {tr.,  ace),  to  avoid,  shun,  to  forbear,  to  escape;   to  save 

(expenses). 
MELKEN  {tr.,  ace),  molk,  gemolken,  to  milk,  to  drain;  to  impoverish. 

Frisch  gemelkte  Milch,  new  milk. 
Abmelken  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  take  away  by  milking;    to  milk;    to 

finish  or  have  done  milking. 
Anmelken  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  begin  to  milk;   to  milk  a  cow  that  has 

calved. 
Ausmelken  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  milk  out,  to  drain  by  milking. 
Einmelken  {sep.,  tr.,  ace)  (see  melken). 
MESSEN  (t  tr.,  ace),  mass,  gemessen,  to  measure,  size,  survey;  to 

scan,  adjust;  to  compare,  to  cope. 
Abmessen  (f  tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  measure  off,  to  cut  off;  to  divide  into, 

to  scan;    to  adjust,  regulate. 
Anmessen  (f  dat.,  tr.,  ace,  sep),  to  take  one's  measure  for;   to  fit, 

adapt. 
Ausmessen  (t  tr.,  ace,  sep),  to  survey,  to  gauge;  to  sell  by  measure; 

to  dispart;    to  give  or  hand  one. 
Bemessen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  apportion;    to  subject  to  measurement; 

to  ascertain,  to  adjust;    to  mete  out. 
Einmiessen  (f  tr.,  ace,  sep),  to  measure  into;    to  diminish  or  lose 

in  weight;   to  measure  exactly. 
Ermessen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  measure,   fathom;    to  judge,   consider, 

weigh;    to  infer,  conclude;    to  estimate. 
Wachmessen  (t  tr.,  ace,  sep),  to  measure  again,  to  measure  over; 

to  take  new  measure. 
Ummessen    (f    tr.,    ace,    sep),    to    measure    again,    to    measure 

over. 
Vermessen  (f  tr.,  *  ace,  gen.,  reft),  to  measure,  survey;    to  measure 

wrong,    to   mistake    in    measuring;    to  dare,  to  arrogate,  to  pre- 
sume;   to  vow  boastfully;    to  be  audacious. 
Zumessen  (f  tr.,  ace,  sep),  to  measure,  to  mete,  to  dole  out;    to 

ascribe,  attribute;   to  impute,  grant. 
MISSBEETEN  {tr.,  intr.,  insep.,  ace),  missbot,  missboten,  to  under- 
bid, to  bid  to  no  purpose  (see  hieten). 

MISSF ALLEN  {dat.,  imp.,  f),  missfiel,  missfallen,  to  displease,  cause 
dislike;  to  dissatisfy;    disgust  (see  fallen). 
Gef alien  {dat.,  f),  to  please,  to  content  or  satisfy,  to  comply  with  or 
gratify. 


IrregularVerbs.  51 

MISSGEBAREN    {tr.,   ace),    missgebar,    missgeboren,    to    abort, 
miscarry;   to  breed  something  bad  (see  gebdren). 
Gebaren  {tr.,  ace,  hob.,),  to  give  birth  to,  to  deliver,  to  bring  forth,  to 
produce,  breed,  procreate. 

MISSLINGEN  {imp.,  dat.,  *),  misslang,  misslungen,  to   go  amiss, 
fail;    miscarry;    to  succeed  ill. 
Gelingen  {intr.,  imp.,  *  dat.),  to  succeed,  to  be  successful,  to  turn 
out  right,  to  take  the  right  effect. 

MOGEN  {auxiliary  verb  of  mood,  one  of  six),  mochte,  gemocht,  ex- 
pressing possibility  or  permission,  willingness,  desire,  wish,  ability, 
power,  inclination,  liking.  Ich  mag,  I  wish,  I  may,  I  desire,  like, 
I  am  inclined  to;  I  might,  I  am  likely  to. 
Vermogen  {tr.,  insep.,  ace),  to  be  able,  to  be  in  a  position,  to  be  in 
power,  to  be  capable  of;  to  be  worth. 

MUSSEN  {auxiliary  verb  of  mood,  one  of  six),  musste,  gemusst,  ex- 
pressing obligation,  physical  or  moral  necessity  or  need;  certainty, 
requirement;  consequence,  constraint  of  conscience;  compulsion  by 
force  of  habit  or  circumstance.  Ich  muss,  I  am  obliged,  forced, 
compelled,  I  am  under  necessity,  I  have  to. 


NEHMEN  (t  tr.,  ace),  nahm,  genommen,  to  take,  take  away;   to 

remove,  capture.     Etwas  zu  sich  nehmen,  to  take  food,  to  drink. 
Abnehmen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  take  off,  away,  down;    to  cut  off; 

shave  off;  amputate;    to  narrow,  lessen. 
Annehmen  {sep.,   f  Ir.,  ace,  gen.,  refl),  to  take,   accept,  receive; 

to  take  for  granted,  to  suppose;  to  engage,  enlist;  to  adopt,  espouse; 

to  grant,  consent,  to  accede  to;   to  contract;    acquire. 
Aufnehmen  (f  tr.,  sep.,  ace),  to  take  up,  to  advance,  to  enter  into, 

to  begin;    to  shelter,  accommodate. 
Ausnehmen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  take  out,  draw,  extract;   to  choose, 

take  up;    to  exclude,  exempt. 
Beinehmen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace)  (see  zunehmen). 
Benehmen  (f  refl.,   tr.,  dat.,  ace),  to  take  away  from,  to  deprive; 

to  abate,  detract;   to  obstruct,  remove  from;    to  deport,  behave,  to 

demean,  to  behave  oneself;    to  bear,  to  conduct  oneself. 
Durchnehmen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  canvass;    examine;  to  censure, 

to  criticize. 
Einnehmen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  take  in;   to  earn;   receive;   capture, 

occupy;    to  take,  swallow;    to  captivate,  to  charm. 
Entnehmen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  dat.,  ace),  to  take,  get,  or  draw  from;   to 

borrow;    to  understand;   to  conclude;   to  see. 


52  Irregular   Verbs. 

Fortnehmen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  take  away,  to  remove,  to  capture, 
to  take  possession  of. 

Herausnehmen  {sep.,  f  refl.,  tr.,  ace),  to  take  out  or  up,  to  draw;  to 
presume,  to  dare;    to  venture. 

Inachtnehmen  {sep.),  to  take  care,  to  be  careful  with  or  of. 

Mitgenommen  sein,  to  feel  for  any  one,  to  sympathize. 

Mitnehmen  {sep.,  f  ir.,  ace),  to  take  along,  to  take  in  addition,  to 
carry  away;  to  weaken,  reduce,  to  debilitate;  to  treat  harshly, 
criticize;    to  put  up  with,  affront. 

Nachnehmen  {sep.,  f  ir.,  ace),  to  take  in  addition;  to  collect  charges; 
to  reimburse;    to  send  C.  O.  D.;  to  take  later  or  afterward. 

Ubemehmen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  take  possession,  to  accept,  receive; 
to  enter  upon;    to  assume,  take  up. 

Untemehmen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  undertake,  take  in  hand;  charge 
oneself  with,  to  attempt,  venture. 

Vemehmen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  understand,  learn,  hear;  to  give  ear, 
to  listen;   to  have  a  hearing. 

Vomehmen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  put  on;  to  take  in  hand;  to 
undertake,  proceed;    to  rebuke,  examine. 

Wegnehmen  {tr.,  f  sep.,  dot.),  to  take  away,  carry  off,  to  remove;  to 
capture,  to  intercept;  to  put  out  of  the  way,  to  put  aside;  to  ab- 
stract; to  confiscate;  to  cut  off;  to  deduct,  subtract;  to  withdraw 
or  draw  away. 

Zunehmen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  take  some  more,  in  addition;  to 
increase,  augment,  grow;   to  advance  in. 

Zuriicknehmen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  retract,  to  withdraw;  to  recall; 
take  off;   to  take  back;   to  apologize. 

Zusammennehmen  {sep.,  refl.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  put  together,  gather; 
to  collect,  concentrate;    to  use  best  efforts. 
NENNEN  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  nannte,  genannt,  to  name,  call,  denominate; 
term,  style,  mention,  fix. 

Benennen  {tr.,  ace),  to  mention,  call;  nominate;  christen;  to  desig- 
nate, place,  appoint;    fix  a  day  or  date;   to  nickname  one. 

Emennen  {tr.,  ace),  to  nominate,  appoint,  name;  to  create;  to 
call  to  office. 

Vemennen  {tr.,  ace),  to  name  wrong;  to  make  a  mistake  in  nam- 
ing or  calling  (versprechen). 


IrregularVerbs.  53 


PFEIFEN  (/r.,  ace,  intr.),  pfiff,  gepfiffen,  to  pipe,  whistle,  to  whiz, 
to  hiss,  to  squeak. 

Anpfeifen  (sep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  whistle  at,  to  hiss  at;  to  approach 
whistling;    to  make  fun. 

Auspfeifen  (sep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  cease  whistling;  to  hiss,  damn,  con- 
demn;   to  hiss  off  the  stage. 

Herbeipfeifen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  whistle  to  or  for  (dog  or  bird). 

Nachpfeifen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  whistle  or  whiz  after;  to  repeat  or 
imitate  a  tune  by  whistling. 

Verpfeifen  {refl.,  tr.,  insep.),  to  whistle  away.  Sich  die  Zeit  ver- 
pfeifen,  to  whistle  away  one's  time. 

Zupfeifen  {sep.,  dat.),  to  whistle  to,  to  make  oneself  known  by 
whistling. 
PFLEGEN  {tr.,  intr.,  gen.,  ace,  used  as  regular  and  as  irregular 
verb),  pflog,  gepflogen,  to  be  accustomed  (to),  to  be  in  the  habit 
(of).  Er  pflegt  nachtmittags  nach  Hause  zu  kommen,  he  generally 
comes  home  in  the  afternoon;  to  carry  on,  to  manage,  superintend; 
to  be  entrusted  with  (the  administration);  to  look  after;  to  enjoy, 
indulge  in.  Jemands  Bekanntschaft  pflegen,  to  cultivate  a  pei-son's 
acquaintance.  (For  pflegen,  to  tend,  attend,  nurse,  see  list  of  regular 
verbs). 
PREISEN  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  pries,  gepriesen,  to  praise,  commend, 
glorify,  to  consider. 

Anpreisen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  puff  up;  to  praise,  command,  recom- 
mend, to  extol. 

Lobpreisen  {tr.,  ace,  insep.)  (used  in  the  present  and  the  imperative 
only),  to  praise,  to  sing  the  praises  of,  to  glorify;  to  give  glory  to, 
to  carol;  to  laud,  extol,  exalt;  to  blazon,  to  panegyrize.  Preiset 
den  Herrn,  sing  praises  unto  the  Lord. 


QUELLEN  (t  intr.,  tr.,  imp.,  *),  quoll,  gequollen,    to   spring  forth, 

to  gush,  to  well,  to  swell,  soak,  rise. 
Einquellen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  soak,  to  steep. 
Entquellen  (f  *),  to  burst,  flow,  bubble  up  {entstromen). 


54  Irregular   Verbs. 


R. 

RATEN  (/r.,  dat.,  ace,  intr.,  f).  riet,  geraten,  also  rathen,  to  guess, 
to  solve;  to  counsel,  to  advise;    to  hit,  to  read,  puzzle. 

Abraten  (f  sep.,  ace,  tr.,  dat.),  to  dissuade  from;  to  advise  or 
exhort  one  against;   to  take  due  counsel  upon;  to  talk  out  of. 

Anraten  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace,  dat.),  to  recommend,  advise,  suggest;  to 
give  counsel. 

Beraten  (f  tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  consult,  consider;  to  advise  or  take 
counsel;    to  consult;    to  commune. 

Entraten  (gen.,  intr.),  to  dispense  with.  Ich  kann  mich  nicht  ent- 
raten,  I  cannot  forbear. 

Erraten  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  guess,  conjecture,  divine;  to  hit  upon,  de- 
vise, find  out;    to  solve. 

Geraten  (dat.,  f  *).  to  come,  to  fall  into;  to  turn  out,  prove;  to 
prosper,  thrive;   to  incur. 

Lassen  Sie  sich  raten  (refl.),  take  my  advice. 

Verraten  (f  tr.,  dat.,  ace,  refl.),  to  betray,  let  out;  to  argue,  be- 
speak; to  show,  discover,  tell;   to  sell. 

Zuraten  (f  sep.,  tr.,  dat.,  ace),  to  advise  to  do  a  thing;   to  counsel. 

REIBEN  (o.,  tr.,  ace,  refl.),  rieb,  gerieben,  to  grind,  pound,  to  rub, 

to  fret,  gall;    to  massage;    to  mock,  attack,  provoke. 
Abreiben  (sep.,  tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  rub  off,  remove;    to  clean,  wear 

off;    to  efface;    chafe;    polish,  clean. 
Anreiben  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  rub  against,  to  rub  with;   to  rub  down; 

to  mix. 
Ausreiben  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  rub  out,  off,  or  away;  to  clean;  polish, 

burnish,  efface. 
Bereiben  (tr.,  ace)  (see  einreihen). 
Einreiben  (sep.,  tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  rub  into;   to  embrocate,  moisten, 

to  rub  a  diseased  part  (einstreichen) . 
Fortreiben  (sep.,'tr.,  ace),  to  rub  off  or  away;    to  clean  off. 
Verreiben  (tr.,  ace),  to  grind  sufl&ciently,  to  triturate;  to  consume 

in  grinding. 
Wundreiben  (sep.,  refl.),  to  blister  oneself,  to  rub  until  a  wound 

arises. 
Zerreiben  (tr.,  ace),  to  grind,  rub,  triturate,  chafe;   to  pulverize. 

REISSEN  (tr.,  dat.,  ace,  refl.,  imp.),  riss,  gerissen,  to  tear,  scratch, 
split;  draw,  pull,  snatch,  wrest. 
Abreissen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  tear  off,  rend  off,  pull  off;  to  pluck, 
break  off;    to  sunder,  detach. 


Irregular   Verbs.  55 

Anreissen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  tear  or  take  off;   to  break  a  new  bunch, 

etc.;    to  mark;    to  blaze;    to  sketch,  design,  to  chalk  out. 
Aufreissen    {sep.,    tr.,   *  intr.,   dat.,   refl.),   to   rend  open,   to  open 

violently,  to  burst,  crack,  cleave,  or  rift  open;  to  tear  open;  to  stare; 

to  unpave. 
Ausreissen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  pull  out,  tear  out;   to  extract;  to  break 

loose,  dash;    to  tear,  burst,  to  run  off,  to  escape,  to  elope. 
Durchreissen  {sep.,  insep.,  tr.,  ace,  intr.,  *),  to  tear  in  two,  to  rend 

asunder;  to  break  or  rend  asunder. 
Einreissen  {tr.,  sep.,  intr.,  refl.,*),  to  tear,  rupture,  lacerate;    to  trace, 

mark,  draw,  delineate,  sketch;    to  pull,  throw,  beat,  tear    down; 

to  split,  rend,  or  burst  open;   to  gain  ground,  find  its  way;   to  take 

root;    to  be  expensive.     Sich  einen  Splitter  ein  reissen,   to  run  a 

splinter  into  (one's  hand).     Dies  reisst  tief  in  den  Beutel  ein,  this  is 

a  very  expensive  affair. 
Entreissen  {tr.,  dat.,  ace,  refl.),  to   snatch  away;    to    tear,    seize, 

wrest,  or  wring  from;    to  rescue,  save. 
Fortreissen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  tear  away;  to  carry  on,  along,  or  away; 

to  hurry  on. 
Herausreissen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  pull,  wrest,  tear  out;   to  extricate; 

to  extract. 
Losreissen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),   to  tear,   rend,   pull  off  or  away;   to  dis- 
unite, break  loose,  to  disengage;    to  disentangle;    to  make   oneself 

free;    to  break  or  snap  off. 
Sich  fortreissen  lassen  {refl.),  to  allow  oneself  to  be  carried  away 

by  passion  or  impulse. 
Verreissen  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  sever;    to  split;    to  quarrel  with  one 

another;   to  give  a  person  a  good  scolding.     Die  Waare  ist  verrissen, 

the  article  is  sold  out. 
Wegreissen  {tr.,  intr.,  *),  to  pull  away,  to   tear   away;    to   loosen 

by  disuniting. 
Zerreissen  {tr.,  ace),  to  rend  asunder;    to  tear  off,  to  pieces;    to 

break,   delacerate;    dissever;    to  break  up;    to  distract,   to  rup- 
ture;  to  wear  out. 
REITEN  {h.,  *  tr.,  intr),  ritt,  geritten,  to  ride,  go  on  horseback,  to 

gallop;  to  cover,  to  couple. 
Abreiten  (*  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  ride  off  or  away,  to  set  off;  to  turn  off; 

to  wear  out;    to  override. 
Anreiten  (*  sep.,  tr.,  intr),  to  ride  against,  to  ride  up  to;    to  ride 

forward,  to  break  in  a  horse. 
Ausreiten  (*  sep),  to  ride  out;   to  take  a  ride;   to  air  a  horse. 
Darauf  losreiten,  to  ride  headlong,  at  a  distance;   to  rush  upon  in  a 

gallop. 
Einreiten  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  refl.,  *),  to  ride  in,  to  enter  on  horseback;  to 

train,  to  dress  a  riding-horse;    to  break  a  horse  to  the  saddle;   to 


56  IrregularVerbs. 

drill.     Nicht  eingerittene  Pferde,  unbroken  horse.     Ein  Pferd  ein- 
reiten,  to  dress  or  train  a  saddle-horse. 

Fortreiten  (*  sep.),  to  ride  on,  onward,  along;   to  ride  away,  to  de- 
part on  horseback. 
Herausreiten  (*  sep.)  (see  reiten). 
Verreiten  (*  tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  spend  in  riding;    to  miss  one's  way 

on  horseback;    to  ride  down. 
Zureiten  (sep.,  tr.,  ace,  *),  to  break  in  or  manage  a  horse;  to  ride  on, 

toward,  to  turn  to. 
RENNEN  {tr.,  intr.,  *),  rannte,  gerannt,  to  run,  to  race,  to  float, 

to  course. 
Abrennen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace,  dat.,  *  refl.),to  run  off,  away;  to  run  down; 

to  outrun,  to  get  a  start;   to  get  fatigued. 
Anrennen  {sep.,  *  tr.,  ace),  to  run  against;  to  tumble,   bump  up 

against;  to  advance,  approach;   to  start. 
Ausrennen  {sep.,  *),  to  run  out;    to  start  from;    to  cease  running; 

to  finish  racing. 
Einrennen  {sep.,  refl.,    *    tr.,    ace),    to   break   or  knock  down  by 

running  against;    to  run  into. 
Entrennen  {intr.,  *),  to  escape  by  running. 

Errennen  {tr.,  *  insep.),  to  reach,  overtake,  or  acquire  by  running. 
Fortrennen  {sep.,  *),  to  run  off,  to  run  away;   to  elope  with. 
Herausrennen  {sep.,  *),  to  run  or  come  out;   to  flow  out. 
Herbeirennen  {sep.,  *),  to  run  to,  to  flock,  to  assemble,  to  crowd 

to  a  place. 
Hereinrennen  {sep.,  *),  to  run  in  or  into,   to  enter  suddenly;    to 

come  in  hastily. 
Losrennen    {intr.,    *   tr.),   to  run  or  rush  headlong,  to  rush  at  or 

upon;  to  fly  at. 
Nachrennen  {sep.,  *),  to  run  after  or  chase  (with  eagerness)  (see 

nachlaufen). 
Niederrennen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace,  *),  to  run  down;  to  knock  down. 

tiberrennen  {tr.,  sep.,  insep.,  *),  to  run  beyond;    to  knock  down  by 

running  against;    to  run  over;   to  outrun. 
Verrennen  {refl.,  *  ace),  to  pass  in  running;  to  run  out  of  one's 

way;  to  stop  one's  passage,  to  bar. 
Vorbeirennen  {sep.,  *),  to  rush  by,  to  run  by  or  pass  by  quickly. 
Vorrennen  {sep.,  *),  to  run  forward;  to  run  before  a  person;    to 

outrun. 

Wegrennen  {sep.,  *)  (see  weglaufen). 

Wettrennen  {intr.,  *),  to  run,  to  take  part  in  a  race.    Das  Wettren- 
nen,  the  race. 


Irregular    Verbs.  57 

Zerrennen  (/r.,  ace,  refl.)  (zerren),  to  pull,  haul,  drag,  or  tear  away. 
Zurennen  {sep.,  *),  to  continue  running;  to  shut  by  running  against; 

to  run  to. 
RIECHEN  (/r.,  ace,  intr.),  roch,  gerochen,  to  smell,  scent;   perceive, 

find  out,  know;    to  imagine. 
Abriechen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  recognize  by  smelling;    to  obtain,  get 

by  smell;    to  evaporate  by  smelling. 
Anriechen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  smell  at;  to  know  by  smell;    to  emit 

or  cause  a  smell. 
Ausriechen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  smell  out;    to  find  out  by  smell;    to 

cease  emitting  smell  or  scent. 
Beriechen  {tr.,  ace),  to  smell  at  (to  nose,  like  a  dog). 
Herausriechen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  find  out  by  smell;  to  detect  a  thing. 
Nachriechen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  smell  for,  to  try  to  find  out  or  detect 

a  thing  by  smelling. 
RINGEN  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.),  rang,  gerungen,  to  ring,  to  encircle,  struggle, 

wrestle,  strive. 
Abringen  {refl.,  sep.,  dat.,  ace,  tr.),  to  detach  from  a  ring;   to  twist 

or  squeeze  off;    to  wring  or  wrest  from. 
Anringen  {sep.),  to  struggle  against;    to  fasten  with  rings. 
Ausringen  {refl.,  sep.,  tr.),  to  wring  or  press  out;  to  end  one's  struggle; 

to  succumb  to. 
Entringen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  wTest  a  thing  from;   to  wrench  out  of 

one's  hands. 
RINNEN  {intr.,  haben,  *),  rann,  geronnen,  to  run,  flow,  trickle,  gush, 

to  leak,  to  drop;  to  course,  to  stream;  to  become  watery. 
Abrinnen  (*  sep.),  to  run,  flow,  drop,  or  trickle  off  or  down. 
Anrinnen  {sep.,  *)  {anfliessen). 
Ausrinnen  {sep.,  *),  to  run,  leak,  trickle  out. 
Entrinnen  (*  dat.),  to  run  or  flow  down  from;    to  escape;    to  run 

away;    to  pass  rapidly. 
Fortrinnen  (*  sep.),  to  flow  on  or  run  away;  to  flow  away;  to  keep 

on  running. 
Gerinnen  (*),  to  curdle,  to  coagulate,  to  clot. 
Verrinnen  (*),  to  run  off  or    out;  to   pass   away;   to  elapse  {ver- 

fliessen) . 
Zerrinnen  (*),  to  melt,  dissolve,  liquefy;  to  crumble  away;   to  van- 
ish;   to  perish.     Wie  gewonnen,  so  zerronnen,  lightly  come,  lightly 

go- 
RUFEN  {tr.,  intr.,  dat.,  ace,  o.),  rief,  gerufen,  to  call  on;   to  cry,  to 

bid  one  to  come;  to  send  for;  to  summon;  to  order;  to  be  called  to. 
Abbenifen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  recall  home,  to  call  home;   to  appeal; 

to  call  away;    to  die. 


58  Irregular   Verbs. 

Abnifen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  call  off  or  away;  to  remove  by  death; 
to  reach  by  calling;    to  call  roll. 

Anrufen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  call,  invoke,  implore;  adjure;  to  chal- 
lenge;   to  appeal  to;    to  announce. 

Aufrufen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  call  up;  to  bid  one  rise;  to  summon; 
to  advertise  for;   to  take  witness. 

Ausrufen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  exclaim,  cry  aloud;  to  call  out;  to  pro- 
claim;  to  bid. 

Berufen  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  to  convoke,  summon,  convene;  to  appoint, 
nominate;  to  be  called  to  (God) . 

Berufen,  sich  {refl.),  to  appeal  to,  to  call  upon;  to  refer  to;  to  make 
use  of. 

Fortrufen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  call  away. 

Heraufrufen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  call  up;  to  call  upstairs. 

Herausrufen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  call  for;  to  call  or  recall  actors  be- 
fore the  curtain. 

Herbeirufen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  call  in,  to  get;   to  consult. 

Hereinrufen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  call  in,  to  invite,  to  bid  to  come  in. 

Herunterrufen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  call  down. 

Hervorrufen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  call  forth  or  out;   to  evoke,  occasion, 
provoke  {hervorbringen) . 
■  Mitrufen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  call,  invite,  or  ask  one  to  come  along. 

Wachrufen  {intr.,  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  call  after;  to  eulogize  death  or 
departure  of  a  person. 

Vemifen  {tr.,  ace),  to  bring  into  bad  repute;  to  decry  or  cry  down; 
to  depreciate.  Verrufen  sein,  to  be  notorious;  to  be  ill-reputed, 
ill-famed. 

"Wachrufen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  give  the  alarm;  to  awaken,  to  bring 
to  life.     Gefiihle  wachrufen,  to  awaken  feelings  in  one's  soul. 

Zuriickrufen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  recall,  to  call  back. 

Zurufen  {dat.,  sep.,  tr.),  to  call  to  one;  to  give  one  a  call;  to  applaud; 
to  beckon  or  motion  to. 


Irregular    Verbs.  59 


SAUFEN  (t  tr.,  intr),  soff,  gesoffen,  to  drink,  to  drink   hard;    to 

fuddle,  carouse;    to  get  drunk. 
Ansaufen  (f  sep.,  refl.),  to  drink  immoderately,  to  drink  like  a  sponge, 

to  get  intoxicated. 
Aussaufen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  drink  out  or  up;    to  finish  drink- 
ing greedily;    to  cease  to  drink, 
Besaufen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  make  drunk,  to  intoxicate  one. 
Ersaufen  {tr.,  ace,  *  refl.,  f),  to  drowTi;  to  get  drowned;    to  die  by 

drowning;  submerge;  overflow;  deluge  (ertrinken). 
Fortsaufen  {sep.,  f),  to  continue  to  drink  on,  to  be  dissipated. 
Mitsaufen  {sep.,  f),  to  drink  along,  to  drink  in  company,  to  get 

drunk  together. 
Sich  besaufen  (f  reft),  to  get  drunk,  to  become  deeply  intoxicated, 

to  get  full  (betrinken). 
Versaufen  (*  hahen  f),  to  spend,  consume,  or  pass  away  in  drinking; 

to  get  ruined  by  drink;   to  be  a  drunkard;    to  be  always  drinking 

or  on  the  spree. 
SAUGEN  {tr.,  intr),    sog,   gesogen,  to  suck,  absorb,  drink;    to  im- 
bibe;   to  invent,  fabricate;  to  suckle;  to  give  the  breast;  to  nurse 

(see  reg.  sdugen). 
Absaugen   {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  suck  off;   to  weaken  by  sucking;   to 

exhaust,  to  finish  sucking. 
Ansaugen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  suck  fast;    to  suck  up. 
Aufsaugen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  suck  up;  to  absorb;  to  open  or  make 

sore  by  sucking. 
Aussaugen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to    suck    out;    to    exhaust;     to   fleece, 

bleed,  draw,  drain,  impoverish,  weaken. 
Fortsaugen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  continue  sucking. 
Heraussaugen   {sep.,  tr.,   ace),  to   drain  or   suck   to  the  last   far- 
thing;   to  suck  one's  marrow. 
Leersaugen    {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  suck  empty;    to  exhaust  or  empty 

by  sucking. 
Rothsaugen  {sep.,  refl.),  to  make  red  or  sore  by  sucking;   to  suck 

sore. 
VoUsaugen  {sep.)  (see  aussaugen).  ' 

"Wundsaugen   {sep.,  refl),  to  suck  sore;    to   chafe,  to   get   sore  by 

sucking. 
SCHAFFEN  {tr.,  intr.;  reg.   and  irreg),   schuf,    geschaffen,   to   do, 

make,  work,    bring    to  pass;    procure,    get,  furnish;    to  be  busy; 

to  convey,  take. 


6o  IrregularVerbs. 

Abschaffen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  do  away  with;   to  dismiss,  discharge, 

discard;    to  remove,  give  up,  to  abolish,  abrogate,  repeal,  annul, 

nullify. 
Anschaffen  {sep.,  tr.,  refl.),  to  procure,  supply;  to  furnish  oneself  with; 

to  purvey,  provide  for. 
Aufschaffen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  obtain,  to   provide  for,  to  procure. 
Beischaffen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  procure  (see  herbeischaffen) . 
Erschafifen  {tr.,  ace),  to  create,  cause  to  exist;  to  make  anew;  to 

bring  to  life. 
Fortschaffen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  remove,  transport,  to  move  out  of 

the  way;   to  convey,  carry  away,  to  get  rid  of. 
Herbeischaffen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  bring  up  to  a  certain  place;    to 

gather,  collect,  procure,  accumulate,  produce,  raise. 
Mitschaffen  {sep.)  (see  mitwirken),  to  co-operate;    concur. 
Verschaffen  {tr.,  ace),  to  furnish,  supply,  procure,  provide,  find. 
SCHALLEN  {intr.,  tr.  reg.  and  irreg.),  schoU,  geschoUen,  to  sound, 

echo,  resound,  to  ring. 
Abschallen  {sep.),  to  resound,  to  re-echo. 
Anschallen  {sep.),  to  strike  against  (of  sound). 
Ausschallen    {sep.)   {ausklingen),  to  cease  ringing  or  sounding;   to 

make  known. 
Einschallen  {sep.),  to  sound  in;    to  have  a  sound  enter, 
Entschallen  (*),  to  sound  from,  to  sound  away  from. 
Erschallen  (*),  to  .sound,  resound,  ring;    to  spread  abroad;    to  go 

forth. 
Fortschallen  {sep.),  to  continue  to  resound;   to  sound  far  away. 
Heraufschallen  {sep.,  *)  (see  einschallen). 
Herunterschallen  (*  sep)  (comp.  with  heraufschallen). 
Nachschallen  {sep.),  to  echo,  to  reverberate,  to  resound. 
Niederschallen  (*  sep.)  (see  erschallen). 
Verschallen  (*),  to  sound,   to  die   away;    to  cease  sounding   (see 

primitive  verb) . 
Zuriickschallen  {sep)  {wiederhallen). 

SCHEIDEN  {tr.,  reft.,  *  intr),  schied,  geschieden,  to  divide;   disjoin; 

separate;  to  analyze,  to  decompose ;  to  refine;  to  divorce;  to  branch 

off;  to  depart.    Sich  scheiden  lassen,  to  obtain  a  divorce,  to  be  sep" 

arated  or  divorced. 
Abscheiden  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  refl),  to  depart,  die,  to  separate,  divide, 

refine. 
Ausscheiden  {tr.,  intr.,  sep),  to  extract,  secrete,  secern;    to  wash 

out;   to  sift,  expunge;   to  retire. 
Bescheiden  {tr.,  ace,  refl),  to  allot,  assign;  to  inform,  direct,  order, 


Irregular    Verbs.  6i 

to  summon;    to  be  contented,  to  be  modest;    to  be  discreet,  sober, 

demure,  unostentatious.     Bescheiden  sein,  to  be  moderate,  modest, 

sober,  discreet,  to  be  unostentatious. 
Entscheiden  {reft.,  Ir.,  ace),  to  decide,  determine,  to  pass  judgment 

or  sentence;    to  resolve. 
Unterscheiden  (tr.,   ace),  to  distinguish,   to  discern,   discriminate; 

to  become  distinct.     Sich  unterscheiden,  to  tell  apart,  to  differ. 
Verscheiden  (*),  to  die,  to  expire,  to  decease,  to  breathe  one's  last. 

SCHEINEN  (inlr.,  imp.,  dat),  schien,  geschienen,  to  shine,  to 
light;   to  beam,  glare;    to  appear,  seem,  look. 

Abscheinen  (sep.),  to  reflect. 

Anscheinen  (ir.,  ace,  sep.),  to  shine  upon;  to  appear,  to  have  the 
appearance. 

Bescheinen  (insep.,  tr.),  to  shine;  to  throw  rays  of  light  upon;  to 
irradiate;  to  be  sunlighted,  sunlit. 

Durchscheinen  {tr.,  ace,  insep.,  sep.),  to  shine  through,  to  be  translu- 
cent. 

Erscheinen  {dat.,  *),  to  appear;  arrive,  attend;  to  come  out;  to 
publish,  issue;   to  be  out. 

Heraufscheinen  {sep.),  to  shine  up  to. 

Herunterscheinen  {sep),  to  shine  down. 

SCHELTEN  (f  tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  ace),  schalt,  gescholten,  to  scold, 
chide,  abuse,  rebuke,  reproach,  revile;    to  call  a  nickname. 

Anschelten  {tr.,  ace,  f  sep.)  (see  schelten). 

Ausschelten  {tr.,  ace,  f  sep.),  to  chide,  scold,  abuse,  upbraid,  re- 
prove, rebuke;   to  cease  scolding. 

Beschelten  {tr.,  ace,  f),  to  defame,  to  scold,  to  speak  ill, 

SCHEREN  {tr.,  refl.),  schor,  geschoren,  to  shave,  shear,  clip,  fleece; 

to  cheat;    to  mind,  to  care.     Scheren  Sie  sich,    leave,   get  away! 

leave  the  place! 
Abscheren  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  shave,  sheer  off,  to  separate. 
Bescheren  {tr.,  ace),  to  shave,  to  shear;    to  give,  grant,  to  bestow 

upon;   to  offer  a  gift. 

SCHIEBEN  {refl.,  tr.,  *  intr.),  schob,  geschoben,  to  put,  bowl,  to  push, 

slide,  shove;    throw,  to  move,  shift;     impute. 
Abschieben  {sep.,  tr.,  refl.,  intr.),  to  shove,  to   push  off;    to  clear, 

to  exculpate  oneself;    to  knock  down;    to    slink  away;    to  make 

oneself  scarce;    to  take  French  leave. 
Anschieben  {sep.,  *  tr.,  ace),  to  shove  on,  to  push  against;    to  join 

or  connect  by  moving  up  to. 
Aufschieben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  postpone;     to  defer,  delay,  put   off; 

to  prolong;   to  push  open;   lift  the  sash, 


62  IrregularVerbs. 

Ausschieben  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  shove,  push  out;  to  draw,  draw 
out;    to  finish,  end;    to  play  or  bowl  out. 

Beischieben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace)  (see  schiehen). 

Durchschieben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  shove  or  push  through. 

Fortschieben  {sep.,  tr.,  *  ace),  to  shove  away;  to  take  or  withdraw  one- 
self secretly;    to  take  French  leave. 

Mitschieben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  push  or  shove  along. 

Nachschieben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  push  or  shove  after. 

Umschieben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  roll  over,  to  upset,  carry,  or  take  over 
(to  take  a  pin  at  ninepins). 

Unterschieben  {tr.,  sep.,  insep.),  to  push,  to  shove  under;  to  sub- 
stitute, to  foist  upon;    to  misconstrue;    to  interpolate. 

Verschieben  {tr.,  ace),  to  move  out  of  its  place,  to  shift;  displace, 
dislodge;    to  defer;    delay. 

Vorschieben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  push  forward,  to  advance;  to  put 
in,  to  interpose;    to  push  the  bolt. 

Zuschieben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  shove,    to  push  to    or  toward;    to 
close;   to  close  responsibility  upon  one. 
SCHIESSEN  {refl.,  tr.,  *  ace,  intr),  schoss,  geschossen,  to  shoot,  fire, 
discharge;    to  rush,  sweep;  schiessen  lassen,  to  let  fly,  go,  or  fall. 
Auf  den  Haufen  schiessen,  to  shoot  down,  to  massacre. 

Abschiessen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  fade  away,  to  shoot  off,  discharge; 
to  let  fly  or  go;   to  turn  gray. 

Erschiessen  {tr.,  refl.,  intr),  to  shoot,  to  kill  by  shooting;  to  get 
a  prize  in  a  shooting-match;  to  shoot  oneself,  to  blow  out  one's 
brains  by  shooting;  to  shoot  up,  to  sprout  up  (as  of  a  plant).  Zum 
Totschiessen  vergniigt,  to  enjoy  oneself  in  the  most  enchanting 
manner.     Totschiessen,  to  shoot  to  death,  to  kill  by  shooting. 

Fehlschiessen  {sep),  to  miss  the  mark;    to  be  entirely  mistaken; 

to  err;    to  be  quite  out. 
Fortschiessen  {sep),  to  rush,  to  shoot  along;    to  depart  in  great 

haste;    to  continue  to  shoot. 
Nachschiessen  {sep),  to  shoot  after;    to  pay  after,  to  supply,  to 

add;    to  spring  up  later. 
Verschiessen  {tr.,  refl.,  intr),  to  fade,  to  go  (of  colors),  to  discolor; 

to  shoot  away,  to  exhaust  in  shooting. 
Vorschiessen  {sep.,  tr.,  dat.,  ace),  *to  dart  forward;    to  fire  or  shoot 

before;    to  advance  or  lend  in  advance. 
Zerschiessen  {tr.,  ace),  to  shoot  to  pieces. 
Zusammenschiessen  {sep.,   tr.,  ace),  to  destroy  by  shooting,  to 

batter  down;    to  club,  to  contribute. 
Zuschiessen  {sep.^  tr.,  ace),  to  give  fire,  to  fire  away;   to  rush  upon 

one,  to  fly  at. 


IrregularVerbs.  63 

SCHINDEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),   schund,  geschunden,  to  flay,  to  skin, 

to  scalp;  to  murder,  mutilate;  to  excoriate. 
Abschinden  {sep.,  Ir.,  ace),  to  strip  off,  to  skin,  to  flay  an  animal; 

to  peel  off. 
Sich  abschinden  (refl.),  to  exhaust  oneself  by  hard  labor,  to  plague, 

tire,  or  weary  out. 
Zerschinden  {ir.,  ace),  to  rub  the  skin  off,  to  gall. 
SCHLAFEN    (intr.,    hahen    {ace.   rarely)  f),  schlief,   geschlafen,   to 

sleep,  to  be  or  lie  asleep;    to  rest,  repose.    Schlafen  gehen,  to  fall 

asleep,  to  go  to  bed,  to  retire. 
Abschlafen  {sep.,  f),  to  take  a  rest,  to  take  an  afternoon's  nap  (pro- 
vincial) . 
Ausschlafen  {refl.,  sep.,  f),  to  have  done  sleeping;  to  sleep  enough; 

to  sleep  away;    to  sober  up. 
Beschlafen  {tr.,  ace,  f),  to  lie  or  sleep  with;  to  sleep  on  or  upon  a  thing. 
Durchschlafen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace,  t)>  to  pass  sleeping. 
Einschlafen  {sep.,  f),  to  fall,  drop,  or  go  to  sleep;   to  die,  to  expire; 

to  be  asleep  or  benumbed. 
Verschlafen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  t)>  to  be  sleepy,  to  be  given  to  too  much 

sleep;  sleepy,  drowsy,  lazy.     Verschlafen  sein,    to  be  of  a  sleepy 

temperament,  to  be  slow  or  lazy. 
SCHLAGEN   {tr.,  intr.,  ace,   f  refl),   schlug,  geschlagen,   to    rout; 

to  drive  into;   to  beat,  strike,  knock,  rap,  clap,  dash,  hit;  to  fight. 
Abschlagen  (f  sep.,  refl.,  tr.,  dat.,  ace),  to  separate,  to  bring  down 

by  beating;   to  turn    off;    to  drain;    to  deduct;    to    refuse,  deny, 

decline  one's  request;   to  give  a  refusal. 
Anschlagen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  fasten;   to  strike  at  or  against;  to 

nail;    to  begin,  to  placard,  to  put  up;    to  post  up;    to  estimate, 

rate,  value. 
Aufschlagen   (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  strike  up,  to  break  open;  to  put 

up,  set  up;    to  turn  up;    to  open,  to  fold  open;    to  beat  against; 

to  raise  in  price;    to  charge  additionally. 
Ausschlagen  (f  sep.,refl.,  intr.,  tr.,  ace),  to  beat,  dash,  or  knock  out; 

to  cut  or  stamp  out;    to  kick  or  jerk  out;    to  line  or  finish  the  in- 
side of;  to  refuse,  decline,  reject. 
Beschlagen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  cover,  bind,  or  case  with;   to  stud  with 

nails;    to  tire  a  wheel;    to  calk,  to  iron  a  horse;    to  seize,  attach; 

to  get  tarnished,  covered  with  damp. 
Durchschlagen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  refl),  to  beat,  break,  or  pierce  through; 

to  strain,  sieve,  filter;    fight  through. 
Einschlagen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to   adopt,  take,  to  burst,  break  in, 
open;   to    wrap    up,  fold,    envelop;    to  turn  to  or  take  a  certain 
course;  to  clasp  or  shake  hands.    Der  BUtz  schlug  ein,  the  Hght- 
ning  struck. 


64  IrregularVerbs. 

Entschlagen  (f  tr.,  refl.,  gen),  to  rid  oneself  of;   to  cast  off,  to  for- 
get, to  throw  off. 
Nachschlagen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  consult;  to  strike  after,  to  follow, 

dig  after;    to  open  the  pages,  to  refer  to  a  book  or  documents;   to 

look  into. 
Umschlagen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  turn  over,  to  turn;   to  change,  to 

veer  round;   to  turn  sour,  sad;   to  degenerate;   to  wrap  up,  to  put 

round;  to  bind  with;  to  apply. 
Verschlagen   (f  tr.,  reft.,  dat.,  ace),  to   drive    away;     to  take   the 

wrong    way;    to   spoil  by  beating;     to  nail  up;    to   fasten  with 

nails;   to  partition;  to  consume;    to  lose  a  page;    to  miss. 
Vorschlagen    {■\sep.,tr.,  aee),  to   strike  too  soon;  to  fasten  before; 

to  ask  a  higher  price;  to  move;  to  propose;  to  present;  to  motion; 

to  thrash;    to  give  signals. 
Zerschlagen  (f  tr.,  reft.,  aee),  to  beat  to  pieces,  to  beat,  dash;  to 

wear  out  by  beating;   to  divide;   to  fall  to  the  ground,  to  come  to 

nothing;   to  be  bruised;  to  be  fatigued. 
Zusammenschlagen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  aee),  to  clap  together;    to  beat 

in  pieces,  to  knock  down;    to  fold;  join. 
Zuschlagen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  dat.,  ace),  to  strike  or  hit  hard;  to  go  on 

beating;  to   agree  with;    to  close  suddenly  a  door;    to  dispose  or 

sell. 
SCHLEICHEN  {intr.,  hdben,  *  reft),  schlich,  geschlichen,  to  sneak, 

crawl,  move  slowly;   to  smuggle;   to  steal  away;   to  linger. 
Abschleichen  {tr.,  *  aee,  dat.,  sep.,  reft),  to  steal  upon,  to  take  by 

surprise;    to  get  or  obtain  insidiously. 
Anschleichen  {reft.,  sep.,  *),  to  creep  or  steal  near  slowly  and  gently. 
Ausschleichen  (*),  to  sneak  out,  about,  off;    to  search  out  sneak- 

ingly. 
Beschleichen  {tr.,  aee),  to  steal  upon;    to  come  stealingly;   to  sur- 
prise, deceive,  cheat,  take  in. 
Durchschleichen  {sep.,  reft.,  *),  to  creep,  sneak,  slink,  or  steal  through. 
Einschleichen  {reft.,  sep.,  *),  to  sneak,  slide,  slip,  steal,  creep  in  or 

into;    to  sneak  into  one's  favor. 
Entschleichen  (*),  to  sneak,  creep,  or  steal  away,  to  get  away  slowly. 
Erschleichen   {tr),   to  obtain  something    fraudulently,   by  stealth, 

deception,  intrigue;  to  usurp  a  thing  by  undue  influence  or  means. 
Fortschleichen  {sep.,  *),  to  creep  on,  along;    to  escape;    to  slip 

away,  to  steal  off. 
Wachschleichen  {sep.,  tr.,  *),  to  sneak  after,  to  dog  one. 
Umschleichen  {sep.,  tr.,  *),  to  hover  round;  to  sneak  or  slink  round 

about. 
Zuschleichen  {sep.,  ♦),  to  approach  §n?^kingly;  to  conie  up  slowly, 

to  steal  hy. 


IrregularVerbs.  65 

SCHLEIFEN    {hahen,  *  tr.,  ace),  schliff,    geschliffen,   to    whet,  to 

grind,  cut;    rub,  sand,  polish;  to  drag,  pull  along;    carry,  convey; 

to  slide,  dance;   to  tie;   to  catch. 
Abschleifen  {sep.,   tr.,  ace),   to  grind  off;    to  smooth,   polish;    to 

whet;    to  wear  off;    to  grow  refined. 
Anschleifen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  begin  to  grind,  to  set  on  edge;    to 

bring  or  to  transport;    fasten. 
Ausschleifen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  grind  sufl&ciently;    to  grind  hollow; 

to  wear  out  by  friction. 
Entschleifen  (*),  to  untie. 
Umschleifen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  grind  over. 
Verschleifen  {tr.),  to  spoil  in  grinding  (a  blade);   to  sell  or  bargain 

for  (goods);    to  draw  out,  protract,  delay;    to  transport  something. 
Zerschleifen  {tr.,  ace),  to  spoil  by  whetting;   to  wear  out  by  slid- 
ing (dancing). 
SCHLEISSEN  {tr.,  refl.,  ace,  intr.,  *),  schliss,  geschlissen,  to  slit, 

split;    to  strip  off;    to  wear  off.     (The  tr.  form  is  regular.) 
Abschleissen   {sep.,   tr.,   refl.,   ace),    to    wear    out,   to  use    up  by 

wearing. 
Verschleissen  {tr.,  ace),  to  wear  out;  to  sell;  to  wear  or  pass  away. 
Zerschleissen  {tr.,  ace),  to  wear  off;  to  grow  fettered. 
SCHLIESSEN  {tr.,  refl.,  ace,  intr.),  schloss,  geschlossen,    to    shut, 

lock,  close;  finish,  end,  conclude;  to  fit. 
Abschliessen  {sep.,  tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  close,  lock;    to  unfetter;    to 

separate;  to  turn  the  key;  to  settle,  to  conclude;  to  effect,  wind 

up;   to  retire;    to  make  final  arrangements. 
Anschliessen  {sep.,  dat.,  ace,  tr.,  reft.),  to  chain  to,  to  fix  with  a 

lock;   to    add,  annex,   inclose;    to  attach;    to   join;    to    conform, 

sympathize  with;  to  fit  close,  tight;    to  connect. 
Aufschliessen  {sep.,  tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  unlock,   open;    to    flux;    to 

drain  off;  to  unfold,  disclose;  to  make  accessible;  to  unfold  one's 

secrets;  to  confide  to. 
Ausschliessen    {sep.,   refl.,    tr.,    ace),  to   lock,  bar,    shut  out;    to 

loosen,  unfetter;   to  exclude,   debar;    to  seclude,  excommunicate; 

to  flunk. 
Beischliessen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  inclose,  add,  annex;  to  lock  up. 
Beschliessen  {tr.,  ace),  to  inclose,  lock  up;   to  conclude,  end,  finish; 

to  complete;    determine;    to  decree,  resolve  upon;    to  decide,  fix; 

to  vote;    to  agree  upon. 
Einschliessen  {sep.,  tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  shut  in  or  up;  to  lock  up;  to 

inclose,    encompass,    surround;    to    embrace;    to    fold    in,   to  fit, 

catch. 
Entschliessen  {refl.),  to  resolve,  fix,  determine;    to  make  up  one's 

mind;    to  unlock. 

5 


66  IrregularVerbs. 

Erschliessen  {tr.,  refl.),  to  open,  to  dawn,  to  disclose;     to  unlock; 

to  infer,  to  deduce,  to  conclude. 
Umschliessen    {tr.,   ace),   to    inclose,     encompass,     surround;    to 

embrace, 
Verschliessen  {tr.,  ace),  to  shut  up;    close  up;    to  obstruct,  dam 

up;    to  keep  under  lock  and  key. 
Vorschliessen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace)  (see  schliessen). 
Zuschliessen  {tr.,  sep.,  ace),  to  lock  up,  shut,  to  close. 

SCHLINGEN  {tr.,  refl.,  intr.,  ace),  schlang,  geschlungen,  to  swallow, 
devour;  to  wind,  twist,  sling,  twine;  to  plait,  braid;  to  knot. 

Einschlingen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  sling  or  put  in  a  sling;  to  draw  in 
hastily;    to  swallow  up  greedily. 

Entschlingen  (/r.,  ace),  to  take  out  of  the  noose. 

Umschlingen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  embrace  closely;  to  clasp  round; 
to  cling;    lock;  entwine. 

Verschlingen  {tr.,  ace),  to  twist,  entwine;  to  tangle,  entangle;  to 
devour,  swallow  up  or  down. 

Vorschlingen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace)  (einen  Knoten),  to  tie  a  knot  before 
or  in  front  of. 
SCHMEISSEN  {tr.,  intr.,  ace),  schmiss,  geschmissen,  to  fling,   to 
throw,  to  strike,  to  smite,  smash;  to  blow  (werfen). 

Beschmeissen  {tr.,  ace),  to  blow  upon,  to  fly-blow;  to  dirty,  to 
soil. 

Hinausschmeissen  {tr.,  sep),  to  throw  or  turn  out,  to  eject;  to 
expel;    to  throw  very  far  (hinauswerfen). 

Nachschmeissen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace)  (see  nachwerfen). 

Verschmeissen  {tr.,  ace)  (see  verwerjen). 

Zerschmeissen  {tr.,  ace)  (see  zerschmettern) . 

Zuschmeissen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace)  (see  zuwerfen). 
SCHMELZEN  {reg.  and  irreg.,  f  *  tr.,  intr.,  ace),  schmolz,  ge- 
schmolzen,  to  melt,  dissolve,  liquefy;  reduce,  diminish;  to  fuse; 
to  pine  away  (melting,  languishing,  dying,  moving,  tender,  melodi- 
ous, gentle,  when  speaking  of  music  and  song) .  (The  tr.  form  of 
this  group  of  verbs  is  regular). 

Abschmelzen  {sep.,  tr.,  intr.,  f  *  ace),  to  melt  off,  to  separate  by 
melting;  to  part,  clarify;  to  finish  melting;  to  fall  off  in  con- 
sequence of  melting. 

Anschmelzen  {sep.,  tr.,  intr.,  *  f  ace),  to  adhere  by  melting;  to  begin 
to  melt;    to  fasten  by  melting;   to  solder. 

Aufschmelzen  {sep.,  tr.,  intr.,  *  f  ace),  to  open,  dissolve  by 
melting;  to  fasten;    to  consume  by  melting. 

Ausschmelzen  {sep.,  tr.,  f  ace),  to  melt  out,  run  out  by  melting;  to 
clear,  purify  by.  melting;   to  extract;  to  be  dissolved. 


Irregular    Verbs.  67 

Beischmelzen  {sep.,  tr.,  t  ace),  to   add  to  in  melting,  to   melt  one 

metal  with  another. 
Durchschmelzen  {sep.,  tr.,  intr.,  *  f  ace),  to  melt  through,  to  cast 

through,  to  fuse  completely.      Die    Sonne  hat  es  durchschmolzen, 

the  sun  has  melted  it. 
Einschmelzen    {sep.,  tr.,  intr.,  f  *  ace),  to  melt  down,  to  reduce, 

diminish  by  melting. 
Umschmelzen  {sep.,  tr.,  f  ace),  to  melt  again,  to  recast,  cast  anew; 

to  reform,  remodel,  to  mould  over;    to  melt  up;    to  cast. 
Verschmelzen  {tr.,  intr.,  f  *  ace),  to  melt  away,  dissolve;   to  blend 

with,  melt  into  each  other;    to  melt  together,  bind  up  together, 

consume  together. 
Wiederschmelzen    {sep.,  tr.,  intr.,  f  *  ace),    to   remelt,    to    melt 

again. 
Zerschmelzen  {tr.,  *  f  intr),  to  dissolve,  to  liquefy,  to  melt  away. 
Zusammenschmelzen    {sep.,    intr.,    tr.,    f    ace),    to  melt  up,  to 

dissolve;    to    diminish;    to    melt    together;     to    melt    away;    to 

vanish. 

SCHNAUBEN  {reg.  and  irreg.;  dat.,  refl.,  tr.,  intr),  schnob,  geschnoben, 

to  snort,  to  breathe  heavily;    to  hufif,  snuff,    puff;    to   wheeze;  to 

blow  one's  nose.     Rache  schnauben,  to  pant  for  revenge;  to  breathe 

vengeance. 
Abschnauben  {tr.,  ace,  sep),  to  snuff,  to  take  off  with  a  pair  of 

snuffers  (abschnauzen) . 
Ausschnauben  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  reft),  to  recover  breath,  to  respire, 

to  get  one's  wind;    to  blow  one's  nose;    to  snort   (of  horses);    to 

cease  raging,  to  stop  roaring  (of  the  wind). 
Verschnauben  {tr.,  intr.,  *  reft),  to  stop  for  breath,  to  recover  one's 

breath;    to   blow   one's    nose    (verschnaufen).     (The  tr.    form  of 

this  group  of  verbs  is  regular.) 

SCHNEIDEN  {tr.,  ace,  reft),   schnitt,  geschnitten,  to  cut,   carve; 

prune;    to  mince,  cut  up;  castrate;    to  chip;    trim;  to  slit. 
Abschneiden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  cut  off  or  aw^ay;    to  reap;    crop, 

clip;    to  shape;    deprive  of;    cut  short;    to  amputate. 
Anschneiden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  give  the  first  cut;    to  carve;    to  fit 

by  cutting;    to  score  down. 
Aufschneiden  {sep.,  tr.,  intr.,  ace),  to  cut  open,  rip  open,  unrip;  to 

make  an  incision;    to  brag,  boast. 
Ausschneiden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  cut  out,  carve  out;  to  cut  into  figures; 

to  castrate,  extirpate. 
Beschneiden  {tr.,  ace),  to  clip,  dress,  prune,  trim;    to  circumcise; 

to  cut  off,  to  lessen. 
Durchschneiden  {sep.,  tr.,  insep.,  ace),  to  cut  through;  to  cross  each 

other;  to  intersect,  to  divide;  to  penetrate. 


68  IrregularVerbs. 

Einschneiden  (sep.,  tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  cut  in,  into;  to  notch;  to  re- 
move, cut  up;    to  incise,  trenchant. 

Fortschneiden  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  cut  away,  to  cut  off. 

Nachschneiden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  cut  or  carve  after  or  from,  to 
imitate  style  of  cut. 

Umschneiden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  cut,  carve  all  round;    to  recut. 

Verschneiden  {refl.,  tr.,  ace),  to  cut  or  clip  away;  to  spoil  in  cut- 
ting; to  adulterate  or  force;   to  geld,  castrate,  emasculate 

Vorschneiden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  carve,  cut;  to  make  faces  at  one; 
to  cut  out,  to  cut  before  a  person. 

Wegschneiden  {tr.,  sep.),  to  cut  off,  to  cut  away;  to  retrench;  to 
extirpate,  to  amputate. 

Zerschneiden  {tr.,  ace),  to  cut  in  pieces,  to  cut  up;  to  carve,  to 
shred. 

Zusammenschneiden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  cut  up  to  pieces. 

Zuschneiden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  cut  away;  to  cut  out;  to  fashion; 
to  make  a  scanty  allowance. 

SCHREIBEN  {tr.,  refl.,  dat.,  intr.,  ace),  schrieb,  geschrieben,  to 
write,  mark;  spell;  to  copy,  to  communicate;  to  reply;  to  compose. 

Abschreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  wear  out  by  writing;  to  dull;  to 
copy,  transcribe,  write  out;  deduct;  to  revoke  an  order  or  invi- 
tation previously  made. 

Anschreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  write,  put  or  set  down;  to  charge 
one's  bill;  to  book  down;  to  be  in  favor,  to  be  good  in  one's  book. 

Aufschreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  write  or  set  down;   to  note,  enter, 

record;    to  charge  with,  book  a-  debt. 
Ausschreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  write  out,  copy,  extract;   to  draw; 

finish;    write  to  the  bottom. 
Beischreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  write;    to  note;    to  add;    write  on 

the  margin;    to  attribute. 
Beschreiben  {tr.,  ace),  to  fill  with  writing;  to  describe,  define;  de- 
tail. 
Durchschreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  write  through;  to  finish  writing. 
Einschreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  enter,  to  write  in  or  down;  to 

note,  enlist,  enrol;    to  register. 
Hinschreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  write  or  pen  down;    to  send  word 

to;    to  write  to  a  place. 
Nachschreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  write  down;    to  take  notes;    to 

write  in  pursuance  of;    to  copy,  imitate. 
Niederschreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  write,  note  or  pen  down;    to 

depose;    set,  put,  take  down  in  writing. 
tJberschreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  insep.,  ace),    to    inscribe;    entitle,  head; 

superscribe;  to  copy;   to  address. 


IrregularVerbs.  69 

Umschreiben  {sep.,  insep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  write  round;  cover  with 
writing;  to  copy;    paraphrase;    circumscribe. 

Unterschreiben  {sep.,  insep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  put  one's  name  to  or 
under;   to  sign;    to  subscribe;    to  affix  signature. 

Verschreiben  {tr.,  dat.,  ace,  refl.),  to  prescribe;  write  for;  order,  com- 
mand; to  mis  write,  write  incorrectly;  to  assign;  make  over;  trans- 
fer in  writing;    to  commit  a  slip  of  pen. 

Verschreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  dat.,  ace),  to  set  a  writing  copy;  to  prescribe, 
dictate,  direct;    to  appoint,  order. 

Zusammenschreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  write  together,  to  compile; 
to  accumulate  by  writing. 

Zuschreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  dat.,  ace),  to  attribute;  to  add;  dedicate; 
ascribe,  assign;    impute;    to  credit  oneself  with. 

SCHREIEN  {tr.,  intr.,  refl),  schrie,  geschrieen,  to  cry,  shout,  clamor; 

to  scream;    shriek;    cry  out,  yell;  screech;  to  groan;  to  moan;  to 

squeak. 
Abschreien  {refl.,  sep),    to   bawl    forth;    to   roar   or    cry  out;    to 

reach  by  crying  aloud;   to  tire  oneself  by  crying. 
Anschreien  {tr.,  ace.,  sep),  to  cry,  to  call  at;  to  call  out  to;    to  hail; 

to  hoot  at. 
Aufschreien   {sep.,  intr.),   to  cry  aloud;    to  cry  out;    to  set  up    a 

scream;  to  give  a  shriek;    to  awake  with  crying. 
Ausschreien  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  refl),  defame;    to  cry  out;    proclaim; 

to  cry  aloud;    to  report,  scream. 
Beschreien  {tr.,  aec),  to  cry  at  or  about;    to  decry,  talk  HI;    to  dis- 
parage.    Beschreien  Sie  es  nicht,  let  the  devil  rest. 
Fortschreien  {sep),  to  continue  to  cry. 
Heraufschreien  {tr.,  intr.,  ace.,  sep),  to  scream  up  to. 
Herausschreien  {sep.,  tr.,  intr.,  ace),  to  cry  out;   to  scream  out. 
Herunterschreien  {sep.,  tr.,  intr.,  ace),  to  hallo  down;   to  cry  down 

( herabschreien) . 
Mitschreien  {sep),  to  join  in  a  cry. 
Nachschreien    {sep.,  tr.,  ace,  dat.,  intr),  to  cry  or  call    after;    to 

shout  after;  to  lament  after;    to  weep  over. 
tJberschreien    {tr.,  ace,  insep.,  sep),  to  outcry,   outroar;    to   cry 

oneself  out  of  breath;    let  the  devil  come  out. 
Verschreien  {tr.,  aec),  to  decry,  cry  down;  to  scream  away;  to  bring 

into  ill  or  bad  repute. 

SCHREITEN  {intr.,  *),  schritt,  geschritten,  to  stride,  step,  stalk;   to 

proceed,  come,  pass  on  to;  to  march,  to  walk;  to  tread;  to  resort  to. 

Abschreiten  {intr.,  tr.,  ace;   sep.,  *),   to  pace  or  stride    away;   to 

retire;    to   alight;    deviate;    digress;    swerve;    to  go  away,  leave, 

forsake. 


7©  IrregularVerbs.     _ 

Anschreiten  {sep.^  *),  to  approach  with  long  steps,  to  stalk;  to  be- 
gin to  stride. 

Aufschreiten  {sep.,  *),  to  march  steadily  along.  Auf  und  ab 
schreiten,  to  march  up  and  down. 

Ausschreiten  {sep.,  *),  to  step  out,  to  stride;  to  go  to  excess,  to  trans- 
gress. 

Einherschreiten  {sep.,  *),  to  strut,  to  stalk,  to  sweep  along;  to 
move  along  (proudly). 

Einschreiten  {sep.,  *),  to  step  in,  stride  in,  to  interfere;    interpose; 
to  take  legal  steps. 
'''   Fortschreiten  (5e/>.,  *),  to  step,  stride  on;  to  go  onward;  to  get  along, 
proceed ;    progress . 

Riickschreiten  {sep.,  *),  to  recede,  retrograde;    to  go  backward. 

Riickwarts  schreiten  {sep.,  *),  to  step  back;    to  retrograde. 

tJberschreiten  {sep.,  insep.,  ir.,  intr.,  *),  to  step  over;  to  cross,  to 
pass,  to  stride,  to  go  across  or  over;  to  exceed  one's  power,  to  pre- 
sume upon  one;   to  transgress,  to  violate;   to  overdraw,  to  outrun. 

Umschreiten  {sep.,  *)  (see  schreiten). 

Vorwarts  schreiten  {sep.,  *),  to  get  along;  to  make  progress;  to 
proceed;    to  advance. 

Zuriickschreiten  {sep.,  *),  to  go  or  stride  back. 

SCHROTEN  {tr.,  ace,  used  sometimes  reg.),  schrot,  geschroten,  to  cut 

or  tear  in  pieces,  to  cut  in  two;  to  crush,  to  crunch,  to  bruise,  to 

rough-grind,  to  prune,  to  turn  in. 
Beschroten  {tr.,  ace),  to  clip,  to  strip  off  the  burs,  to  fettle,  to  clean, 

to  beard  off. 
Umschroten  {tr.,  ace),  to  grind  over,  to  prune  again,  to  clean  or 

crush  again  and  again. 
Verschroten  {tr.,  ace),  to  uncover  (discover)  by  digging;    to  grind 

up;  to  cut  to  pieces,  to  crush. 

SCHWEIGEN  {intr.)f  schwieg,  geschwiegen,  to  be  or  keep  silent; 

to  suppress  mentioning;  to  express  by  silence;  to   cease  to  speak; 

to  pause;  to  stop;  to  say  nothing. 
Totschweigen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  be  as  silent  as  death. 
Verschweigen  {tr.,  ace),  to  conceal,  to  keep  close  or  secret;    to 

suppress. 

SCHWELLEN  {reg.  and  irreg.;  intr.,  tr.,  *),  schwoll,  geschwollen, 
to  swell,  rise,  expand;   to  heave;    distend,  bloat. 

Anschwellen  {sep.,  t  *),  to  swell,  rise;  to  swell  up,  grow  large; 
to  become  tumorous. 

Aufschwellen  {sep.,  f  *),  to  swell,  pufiF  up,  distend;  to  inflate;  to 
flush;    to  get  passionate. 

Ausschwellen  {sep.,  f  *),  to  swell  out. 


Irregular    Verbs.  71 

Verschwellen  {intr.,  tr.,  f  *),  to  swell,  be  swollen,  be  closed  by 
swelling;  to  moisten;  to  inflate;  to  cause  to  swell. 

SCHWIMMEN    {intr.,    haben,    *),    schwamm,    geschwommen,   to 

swim,  float;    let  pass;  to  stream;  drift. 
Abschwimmen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace,  *),  to  swim  or  float  down;   to  tire  or 

exhaust  oneself  by  swimming. 
Anschwiinnien  {sep.,  *),  to  swim  or  float  to  or  near. 
Auf-  und  abschwimmen   {sep.,    *),    to  swim     or    float    up    and 

down. 
Fortschwimmen  {sep.,  *),  to  swdm  on  or  along;    to  swim  away; 

to  continue  to  swim. 
Hinausschwiminen  {sep.,  *),  to  swim  out  or  out  of. 
Mitschwimmen  {sep.,  *),  to  swim  along,  to  swim  together. 
Nachschwimmen  {sep.,  *),  to  swim  after;    to  follow. 
Zuschwimmen   {sep.,  dat.,  *),   to    swim    toward;    to  continue  to 

swim,  to  swim  on. 

SCHWINDEN   {intr.,    *),    schwand,    geschwunden,   to    disappear, 

vanish;  to  dwindle,  fail,  wear  off;  to  die  away,  sink,  waste,  fade, 

wane,  fall,  shrink,  lose;    abandon. 
Entschwinden  (*),  to  disappear,  to  vanish  from. 
Hinschwinden  {sep.,   *),   to  pass   away;  vanish;  to   waste  or  die 

away. 
Umschwinden  {insep.,  *)  (see  schwinden). 
Verschwinden  (*),  to  faint  or  pass  away;   to  disappear,  to  get  lost 

(see  primitive  verb) . 

SCHWINGEN  {refl.,  tr.,  ace,  *),  schwang,  geschwungen,  to  swing; 

vibrate;  to  wave,  shake;    to  oscillate;  to  wing,  to  soar,  to  fan. 
Abschwingen  {tr.,  intr.,  *  ace,  sep.,  refl.),  to  shake  off;    to  fan;    to 

cleanse  by  shaking;   to  alight  from;  to  leap  down. 
Aufschwingen  {sep.,  tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  swing  up;  to  rise  by  sudden 

effort;  to  soar  or  tower  up. 
Ausschwingen  {sep.,  *  refl.),  to  winnow,  fan;  to  swing;    to  swing 

out;  to  cease  swinging;    vibrating. 
Beschwingen  {tr.,  ace),  to  accelerate;  to  wing;   to  make  out  or  get 

along. 
Erschwingen  {refl.,  tr.,  ace),  to  reach;  to  afford  to  buy;  to  get,  raise, 

furnish;  to    attain  something  by  efforts;    to  soar  up  to. 
Heraufbeschwingen  {tr.,  ace)  (see  erschwingen). 
Hin-  und  herschwingen  {refl.,  tr.,  ace),  to  swing  oneself  up  and 

down;    to  and  fro. 
Hinauf-  und  hinabschwingen  {refl.,  tr.,  ace)  (vom  Pferde),  to  throw 

oneself  on  and  from  a  horse. 


72  IrregularVerbs. 

Umschwingen  (tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  swing,  move  round;    to  revolve 

or  turn  round. 
SCHWOREN  (inir.,  tr.,  dat.,  ace),  schwor,  geschworen,  to  take  an 

oath,  to  swear,  to  vow;  to  pledge;  to   afiirm.     Falsch  schworen,  to 

forswear,    to    perjure    oneself.     Gehorsam    und   Treue    schworen, 

swear  allegiance  to,  to  swear  obedience,   faith;    to   hold   or   pro- 
fess to. 
Abbeschworen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace.)  (see  dbschworen) . 
AbschwcJren  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  swear  to;    to  deprive  of  by  taking 

an  oath;    to  free;    to  abjure;    to  cast  off  or  renounce  upon;    to 

retract,  recant;  to  pledge  oneself  by  oath. 
Anschworen  {sep)  (see  zuschworen). 

Aufbeschworen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  conjure;    to  excite;    to  revolt. 
Beschworen  {tr.,  ace),  to  confirm  by  oath,  to  take  one's  oath  upon; 

to  swear  to;    to  conjure,  to  adjure,  implore,  entreat.     Beschweren, 

sich,  to  complain,  to  find  fault  with;  to  grumble. 
Heranbeschworen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace)  (see  beschworen). 
Heraufbeschwbren  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  pray  upon,  to  pray  for;    to 

cause  by  prayer. 
Verschworen   {tr.,   ace,  refl.),  to  forswear,   abjure,   renounce;    to 

curse;    to  swear  falsely;   to  bind  oneself  by  an  oath;   to  conspire, 

to  form  a  conspiracy. 
Zuschworen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  assure  by  an  oath. 
SEHEN  {tr.,  ace,   f   intr.,   refl.),    sah,  gesehen,  to  see,  to  perceive, 

look,  to  behold,  view;    to  be  sensible  of;  to  notice,  to  catch  sight 

of;  discern;  recognize. 
Absehen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  look  off  or  turn  away;    to  avert;   to 

see,  perceive;    to  put  out  of  question. 
Ansehen   (f  sep.,   tr.,  intr.,  refl.),  to  look  at  or   on,    behold,   see; 

examine,  regard,  consider;  to  respect,  esteem.     Sich  etwas  ansehen, 

to  examine  something. 
Aufsehen  (t  sep.),  to  look  up;  to  make  a  sensation,  noise;  eclat;   to 

cause  or  excite  a  show. 
Aussehen  {intr.,  f  sep*  tr.),  to  look  out;    to  appear;    to  look  well, 

ill,  angry,  etc. 
Besehen  {refl.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  look  on,  at,  to  inspect;    to  view,  to 

take  a  view;    behold,  examine,  search  into. 
Durchsehen  {sep.,  f  if-)  ace),  to  see  through;   to  look,  glance,  or  go 

over;  examine,  review,  revise. 
Einsehen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  look  into,  over;    to  get  an  insight; 

to  understand,  conceive,  apprehend. 
Ersehen  (f  tr.,    ace),    to    see,    perceive,  to  learn,   understand;  to 

observe,  watch;  spy;  to  infer  from;  judge. 
Fortsehen  {intr.),  to  look  away,  to  glance  aside  (wegsehen). 


IrregularVerbs.  73 

Heraufsehen  {sep.,  f),  to  look  up,  to  glance  or  see  up  or  on  high. 

Heruntersehen  {sep.,  t)>  to  look  down,  to  throw  or  cast  one's  look 
down. 

Klarsehen  (f),  to  look  clearly,  distinctly,  plainly;  to  see  clearly. 

Mitansehen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.,  t)>  to  look  at;  perceive;  stand;  tolerate; 
bear. 

Nachsehen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  intr.,  dat.),  to  look  after,  to  attend;  to  indulge 
in;  to  refer  to;  to  investigate;  inspect;  to  revise,  audit. 

Nahesehen  {sep.,  t  t^-,  ace),  to  inspect,  to  look  at  near;  to  take 
a  clear  view;    to  examine. 

Ubersehen  {sep.,  insep.,  intr.,  dat.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  look  over,  survey, 
to  miss,  lose,  pass  by;  to  take  no  notice  of;  forbear;  to  connive 
at;  to  let  pass  without  reproof;  to  overlook,  pardon;  to  pursue, 
run  over;    examine;    to  supervise. 

Umsehen  {sep.,  f  refl.),  to  look  round,  about;  to  have  or  take  a  view; 
to  turn  round. 

Versehen  (f  tr.,  refl.),  to  overlook,  pass  by;  omit,  fail,  err,  miss; 
mistake;  to  furnish,  provide,  supply  with;  to  attend;  to  admin- 
ister;   to  see  wrong. 

Wegsehen  {intr.),  to  glance  aside,  to  look  away  (fortsehen). 

Weitsehen  {sep.,  f),  to  see  far;  to  pierce  through;  to  be  of  a  far- 
seeing  mind. 

Wiedersehen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  see,  behold,  or  meet  again;  to  look 
again,  to  examine  anew.  Auf  Wiedersehen!  Until  we  meet  again! 
Good-bye! 

Zuriicksehen  {intr.),  to  look  back,  to  review  the  past. 

Zusehen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  dat.),  to  look  at,  on,  upon;   to  gaze  at;   to  see, 
take  care,  take  heed. 
SEIN   {intr.,  *   auxiliary  verb,  one  of  three),  to  be;   to  exist,  to  live  or 
dwell  (expressing  being,  essence,  existence,  modality,  or  ontology). 
Used  also  as  copula  or  independent  verb  in  a  sentence. 

Ich  bin,  I  am;  ich  bin  es,  it  is  I;  sind  Sie  es?  is  it  you?    ich  bin 
gewesen,  I  have  been;   er  wird  sein,  he  will  be;   sei,  seid,  seien 
Sie  (imperative),  be. 
SENDEN  {tr.,  ace),   sandte,  gesandt,  to  send,  transmit;    forward, 
consign;  to  despatch. 

Absenden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  send  off,  away,  despatch;  to  forward, 
ship,  expedite;    to  depute. 

Aufsenden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  send  up. 

Aussenden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  send  out  or  abroad,  to  emit;  to  dis- 
tribute. 

Beisenden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  add  to;  to  inclose;  to  send  by  oppor- 
tunity. 

Einsenden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  send  in,  remit,  transmit. 


74  IrregularVerbs. 

Entsenden  (ir.),  to  send  away,  to  send  ofiF,  to  despatch;  to  dart,  let 

fly,  to  shoot  (looks). 
Mitsenden  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  send  together,  with,  to  add. 
Nachsenden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  send  after,  to  send  for,  to  transmit 

afterward  (nachschicken). 
Rticksenden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace.)  (see  zurueksenden) . 
Ubersenden  {sep.,  insep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  send,  transmit,  remit,  to  for- 
ward, consign,  convey. 
Versenden  {tr.,  ace),  to  send  away  or  off;  to  despatch;  to  transmit, 

convey,  export. 
Zuriicksenden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  send  back,  to  return. 
Zusenden  {sep.,  tr.,  ctec),  to  send,  remit,  convey,  or  forward;    to 

consign. 
SIEDEN  {tr.,  intr.),  sott,  gesotten,  to  boil,  to  simmer,  to  stew;    to 

blanch,  refine. 
Absieden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  boil  duly;    to  extract,  to  elixate;   to 

decoct;   cleanse  by  boiling. 
Aufsieden  {sep.,  tr.,  intr.,  h.,  *),  to  seethe,  boil,  parboil,  stew  again; 

to  whiten,  scour,  blanch. 
Aussieden  {sep.,  tr.,  ace,  intr.,  h.,  *),   to  boil   out,   to   cease  boil- 
ing;   to  purify  by  boiling,  to  scour,  blanch. 
Versieden  {tr.,  intr.,  *),  to  boil  away;  to  consume  or  spoil  by  boiling. 
SINGEN  {tr.,  reft.,  intr.),  sang,  gesungen,  to  sing,  chant;   to  tingle; 

to  warble,  carol,  chirp. 
Absingen  {tr.,  reft.,  sep.),  to  sing  off,  to  recite  singing;    to  chant; 

to  finish  singing,  sing  to  the  end;  fatigue  oneself  by  singing. 
Ansingen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep),  to  welcome  with  a  song;    to  give  a  song, 

to  favor  with  a  tune. 
Aufsingen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep),  to  awake  by  singing;  to  sing  to;    to  sing 

out;    to  call  upon  for  a  certain  purpose. 
Aussingen  {tr.,  intr.,  reft.,  sep),  to  sing  out  or  through,  to  sing  to 

the  end;    to  perfect  a  voice  by  singing. 
Besingen  {tr.,  ace),  to  sing;    to  celebrate  by  song  or  poetry;    to 

laud  one. 
Einsingen  {reft.,  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  sing  or  lull  asleep;    to  practise 

singing;    to  acquire  readiness  in  singing. 
Umsingen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace)  (see  singen). 
Vorsingen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  sing  something  to  one;    to  lead  the 

choir;    to  test  the  voice. 
Zusingen  {sep.),  to  sing  on,  to  sing  to,  to  continue  singing. 

SINKEN  {intr.,  tr.,  *),  sank,  gesunken,  to  sink,  fall,  go  down,  drop; 
to  subside,  to  lower,  degrade;  to  settle;  to  decay;  to  decline,  come 
down;  to  faint,  to  swoon  away. 


IrregularVerbs.  75 

Absinken  (*  sep.),  to  sink  down;  to  set;  to  sink  away  at  a  certain 
depth. 

Entsinken  (*),  to  sink  down,  to  drop,  to  sink  gradually. 

Herabsinken  (*  sep.),  to  descend,  dismount,  sink  down  (see  herab- 
steigen) . 

Henintersinken  (*  sep.),  to  sink  low;    to  be  degraded. 

Mitsinken  (*  sep),  to  sink  down  or  fall  together. 

Nachsinken  (*  sep),  to  sink  after. 

Umsinken  (*  sep),  to  sink  down,  to  faint  away,  to  fall,  to  become 
prostrated. 

Untersinken  {sep.,  *),  to  go  to  the  bottom,  to  sink  under  the 
bottom . 

Yersinken  (*),  to  sink  down,  to  be  swallowed  up;  to  be  sunk,  ab- 
sorbed, immersed  in  sorrow. 

Zusammensinken  {sep.,  *),  to  sink  down,  fall  to  the  ground;  to 
become  prostrated. 

SINNEN  {h.,  intr.,  *),  sann,  gesonnen,  to  meditate,  muse,  reflect, 
speculate;  to  think  upon,  to  plot,  to  ponder;  consider;  to  brood; 
to  cogitate;   to  contemplate;   to  have  intentions. 

Absinnen  {sep)  (see  sinnen). 

Ansinnen  {tr.,  ace,  sep),  to  expect  one  to  do  a  thing;  to  demand 
or  to  exact  a  thing  from. 

Aussinnen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep),  to  contrive,  plan  out,  to  devise,  im- 
agine;   to  invent,  frame  (some  excuse). 

Besinnen  {ace,  refl.,  gen),  to  recollect,  remember,  call  to  mind; 
to  consider,  linger,  meditate;  to  think  of,  to  recollect. 

Entsinnen'  {gen.,  refl.,  ace),  to  remember,  recollect,  to  call  to  mind. 

Nachsinnen  {sep),  to  meditate,  muse,  reflect  upon;  to  ponder, 
study. 

ijbersinnen  {tr.,  ace),  to  reflect,  meditate  upon,  to  think  over. 

Zusinnen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace)  (see  sinnen  or  zuschreiben) . 

SITZEN  {intr.,  dat.,  h.,  *),  sass,  gesessen,  to  sit;  stick  fast;  to  be 
imprisoned;  to  fit.  Sitzen  bleiben,  to  remain  an  old  maid.  Besessen 
sein,  to  be  possessed  of  the  mind  (of  a  demon). 

Absitzen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  h.,  *),  to  sit  away,  to  alight  from;  to  wear 
out  by  sittihg;    to  atone  for. 

Ansitzen  {sep.,  *),  to  sit  fast,  to  cleave,  to  stick;    to  be  settled. 

Aufsitzen  {sep.,  h.,  *),  to  sit  up;  watch;  to  sit  fast;  to  rest  upon; 
to  mount,  take  horse. 

Aussitzen  {sep.,  tr.,  intr.,  h.,  *),  to  sit  out;  to  sit  on  the  outside 
of  the  house;    to  hatch. 

Besitzen  {tr.,  ace),  to  sit  upon;  to  possess,  own,  enjoin,  hold. 


76  IrregularVerbs. 

Nachsitzen  {sep.,  h.,  *),  to  be  confined  in  school  beyond  the  usual 
hours;   to  be  kept  in  school. 

Umsitzen  (ir.,  ace.)  (see  silzen),  to  sit  round. 

Untersitzen  {sep.)  (see  sitzen). 

Versitzen  (/r.,  intr.,  *  refl.),  to  sit  away;  to  grow  inactive,  old,  or 
ill  by  sitting;  to  lose  one's  youth.  Sitzen  lassen,  to  abandon,  dis- 
appoint, leave  in  the  lurch;  to  give  the  slip  to  (eine  sitzenge- 
bliebene  Jungfer,  an  old  maid). 

SOLLEN  (auxiliary  verb  of  mood,  one  of  six),  sollte,  gesollt,  expressing 
command,  obligation;  moral  speculation,  purpose  with  regard  to 
another;  and,  when  used  interrogatively,  a  request  for  direction  or 
information;  ich  soil,  I  am  to,  I  am  obliged  to,  I  am  compelled 
to,  I  have  to.  ** 

FortsoUen  (sep.),  to  be  obliged  or  ordered  to  depart  or  to  go  (soil 
ich  schon  fort? — am  I  to  leave  already?). 

Hinsollen  (sep.),  to  have  to  go  to  a  place,  to  be  bound  for  a  place 
(wo  soil  ich  hin? — where  am  I  to  go? — where  am  I  to  be  put 
in?). 

ZuriicksoUen  (sep.),  to  be  ordered  back  (er  soil  zuriick,  he  is  to, 
he  shall  return). 
SPEIEN  (tr.,  intr.),  spie,  gespieen,  to  spit,  spatter,  vomit;  to  expec- 
torate. 

Anspeien  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  spit  at  or  upon. 

Ausspeien  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  expectorate,  to  spit  out;  to  vomit 
forth,  up;  to  disgorge;  to  reject  with  disdain;  to  show  contempt 
for. 

Bespeien  (refl.,  tr.,  ace),  to  spit  or  vomit  upon. 

Fortspeien  (sep.,  tr.,  ace.)  (see  ausspeien). 

Heraufspeien  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  spit  up. 

Herunterspeien  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  spit  out  or  down,  to  expectorate. 

SPINNEN  (tr.,  intr.),  spann,  gesponnen,  to  spin;  to  plot;    to  intrigue; 

to  whirl;  to  purr;   to  ponder  over  or  on;    to  brood  or  ruminate 

over. 
Abspinnen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  wear  out;   to  spin  off,  to  spin  or 

draw  out;  to  unwind,  unfold. 
Anspinnen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to   spin  together;   ^o  contrive,  lay 

a  plot;   to  cause;   to  originate. 
Aufspinnen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  spin  up;   to  make  one's  fingers  sore 

by  spinning;   to  consume  by  spinning. 
Ausspinnen  (sep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  spin  out;    to  amplify;    to  enlarge, 

enrich,  contrive,  devise;    frame. 
Entspinnen  (refl.),  to  contrive,  bring  about,  originate;    to  ensue; 

to  begin. 


IrregularVerbs.  77 

Mitspinnen  (sep.),  to  spin  with,  to  spin  together;  to  plot  or  intrigue 

in  common. 
Verspinnen  {ace,  tr.,  re/l.),  to  pass  (time)  in  spinning;    to  employ 

or  consume  in  or  with  spinning. 

SPLEISSEN  (tr.,  intr.,  *),  spliss,  gesplissen,  to  split,  to   cleave,  to 

slice,  to  refine. 
Verspleissen  {tr.,  ace),  to  portion  or  lot  out  an  estate;    to  split  up, 

to  splice  a  rope,  etc. 
SPRECHEN  {tr.,  refl.,  f  intr),  sprach,  gesprochen,  to  speaks  talk,  say, 

to  discourse,  converse,  chat;   to  confer;   to  utter. 
Absprechen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  take  away  from  one;    to  deprive  of; 

dispossess;   to  dissent,  object;   to  renounce,  to  arbitrate;   to  settle, 

decide;    to  deny. 
Ansprechen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  accost,  address;  call;  indite;  touch; 

interest;  lay  claim  on,  appeal  to. 
Aussprechen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  speak  to  the  end,  speak  out;    to 

finish,  pronounce;    accent,  sound;    to  pass  sentence;    to  express, 

explain;    to  declare. 
'.    Beisprechen  (t  sep)  (see  entgegensprechen) . 

Besprechen  (t  tr.,  ace,  refl),  to  talk  over,  discuss,  arrange,  settle; 

to  agree  upon;    notice;    to  conjure;    to  charm  for  the  illness  of 

a  person;    to  defame,  slander. 
!    Entgegensprechen  {dat.,  f  sep),  to  contradict;  to  disobey;  to  speak 

against. 
Entsprechen  {dat.,  f),  to  agree  with,  to    accord  with,  to  correspond 

to;   to  suit,  to  answer,  to  match. 
^  Freisprechen  {gen.,  ace,  f  tr.,  sep),  to  acquit,  to   make  one  free; 

to  discharge  one. 
Mitsprechen  (f  sep),  to  speak  at  the  same  time,  to  join  in  con- 
versation;   to  give  one's  opinion. 
Nachsprechen  {tr.,  f  ace,  sep),  to  repeat,  speak,  or  say  after  one; 

to  imitate;    to  mimic  another  person. 
Seligsprechen  {tr.,  f  ace,  sep),  to  beatify;   to  promise  bliss,  blessed 

state;   to  promise  happiness. 
Sich  Versprechen  (f  refl),  to  make  a  mistake  in  the  selection  of 
'        a  word;    to  make  a  slip  of  the  tongue. 
Versprechen  {refl.,  f  if.,  dat),  to  promise,  to  give  one's  word;    to 

engage,  bespeak;    to  bid  fair;    to  make  a  mistake  in  speaking. 
1   Widersprechen  {dat.,  f),  to  contradict;    to  gainsay,  to  oppose;    to 

talk  inconsistently. 
Zuriicksprechen  {sep.,  f),  to  contradict;   to  speak  against;  to  answer 

impolitely. 
Zusprechen  (f  tr.,  intr.,  sep),  to  address,  accost  one;     to  speak  to 

one;   to  adjudge;  to  award;  to  comfort,  console;  to  encourage. 


78  IrregularVerbs. 

SPRIESSEN(^.,m/r.,  *),  spross,  gesprossen,  to  sprout,  shoot  up,  ger- 
minate; to  spring  up,  to  begin  to  grow,  to  put  out  shoots;   to  prop 
up. 
Entspriessen  (*),  to  sprout  forth;   to  come  forth. 

SPRINGEN  (inir.,  *),    sprang,    gesprungen,    to   leap,    jump,    skip; 

spring;   to  sprout,   gush,  burst;   to  hop,  to  skip,  caper;    to  over- 
leap. 
Abspringen  {sep.,  *),  to  leap,  jump  off  or  away;   to  start  or  fly  off; 

to  snap,  break,  crack  off;    to  fall  off  suddenly;    to  contrast. 
Anspringen  (sep.,  *),  to  begin  to  spring,  to  leap,  to  jump;    to  fly 

against;    to  bounce. 
Aufspringen  {sep.,  *),  to  jump,  leap,  spring,  or  bounce  up;   to  split 

asunder,  crack;   to  chap;   to  get  in  a  rage. 
Beispringen  {sep.,  *),  to  hasten  to  one's  assistance;    to  relieve,  to 

succor. 
Durchspringen  {sep.,  *),  to  leap  through   or   across;    to  crack  or 

burst  through;    leap  through. 
Entspringen  (*),  to  jump  away,  escape;    to  run  away;    to  spring, 

rise,  come  from;    descend. 
Mitspringen  {sep.,  *),  to  jump  along;  to  dance  with. 
Nachspringen  {sep.,  *),  to  leap;    run  after. 
Uberspringen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace,  *),  to  flit  from  one  to  another;  to  pass 

abruptly;    to  leap,  jump  over. 
Umspringen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace,  *),  to  jump  round,  to  leap  round;  to  handle. 
Vorspringen  {sep.,  *),  to  jut  out;    to  leap  before,  to  outleap;    to 

proceed. 
Zuspringen  {sep.,  *),  to  spring  or  leap  forward;   to  hasten  to  or  in; 

to  catch  with  a  spring;  to  lock  or  shut  suddenly. 

STECHEN  {tr.,  intr.,  0.,  reft.,  h.,  *  f),  stach,  gestochen,  to  sting,  prick, 
puncture;  to  bite,  pierce;  cut,  engrave;  to  sail;  to  stitch,  to  stab, 
to  perforate;  to  draw  from  (wine);  to  provoke;  to  nettle;  to  shoot; 
to  tingle;   to  burn,  to  scorch  (sun). 

Abstechen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  t)>  to  slope  down;  to  draw  or  dig  off; 
to  engrave,  mark  out;  to  outdo;  to  reflect.  Ein  Schwein  abstechen, 
to  kill  a  pig. 

Anstechen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  *  ace),  to  prick,  pierce,  top;  to  open,  begin 
to  take  from;  to  fix,  stitch  to  (ein  Fass  anstechen). 

Ausstechen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.,  f),  to  dig,  prick,  cut  out;  to  carve,  en- 
grave;   to  mark;  outdo,  supplant;    beat. 

Bestechen  {tr.,  ace,  f),  to  stitch,  seam,  border  with;  to  bribe,  cor- 
rupt;  to  delude,  deceive,  dazzle. 

Durchstechen  (f  sep.,  insep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  run,  drive,  or  push  through; 
to  stir;  melt,  smelt;  clear;  transfix;  to  perforate 


IrregularVerbs.  79 

Einstechen  (f  tr.,  intr.,  reft.,  sep),  to  stick  or  thrust  in;  to  pierce 
or  prick  with;    to  fill  up. 

Hervorstechen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  stick  out  or  stand  out  or  forth. 

Losstechen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  remove  or  unfasten;    to  untie;   to  open, 

Verstechen  {tr.,  ace,  f),  to  adulterate  or  force  wine;  to  prick  one- 
self;  stitch  together;   sew  up. 

Zustechen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  pin  up;  to  thrust  on;  to  sew  up; 
to  stitch  on  or  up;  to  fasten. 
STEHEN  {imp.,  dat.,  intr.,  reft.,  *),  stand,  gestanden,  to  stand,  stop; 
to  become,  fit,  suit;  to  answer,  to  be  responsible  for,  to  warrant, 
vouch;  to  be  in  easy  or  good  or  bad  circumstances;  to  fare  ill  or 
good,  to  be  in  condition.  Wie  steht  es? — how  are  you?  how  are 
things  ? 

Abstehen  {sep.,  intr.,  *),  to  stand  off,  be  at  a  distance;  to  get 
stale;    to  desist  or  abstain  from, 

Anstehen  {sep.,  dat.,  *),  to  stand  close,  near;  to  become,  fit,  suit; 
to  linger,  waver;  to  hesitate, 

Aufstehen  {sep.,  *),  to  stand  open,  firm  upon;  to  get  up,  turn  out; 
rise;   to  revolt;   to  fly  up, 

Ausstehen  {tr.,  sep.,  h.,  *  ace),  to  stand  out;  to  be  owing;  to 
serve,  suffer,  endure;   to  undergo,  encounter. 

Beistehen  {dat.,  sep.,  h.,  *  dat.),  to  stand  by;  assist,  help;  to  sup- 
port, second,  help;    to  relieve,  attend;    to  comfort. 

Bestehen  {tr.,  intr.,  h.,  *),  to  last,  endure,  be  maintained;  to  be, 
exist;  to  manage;  to  encounter,  suffer;  to  be  established;  to 
insist  upon;    to  quarrel  about. 

Bevorstehen  {sep.,  dat.),  to  impend,  to  be  imminent;  to  be  near 
at  hand;    to  draw,  press  near,  to  approach. 

Einstehen  {sep.,  *),  to  enter,  take  possession  of;  to  answer  for, 
to  become  security. 

Entgegenstehen  {sep.,  *  dat.),  to  stand  against;  to  be  in  one's  way; 
to  hinder, 

Entstehen  (*),  to  arise,  rise,  spring  up;  begin,  originate;  be  formed, 
it  is  forming. 

Gestehen  {tr.,  ace),  to  confess,  own,  acknowledge,  avow  (sich 
gestehen,  to  dare,  venture).  Man  muss  es  gestehen,  it  must  be 
admitted,  granted — nun,  das  muss  ich  gestehen.  Well,  I  declare ! 

Herausstehen  {sep.,  *),  to  protrude,  to  stand  out,  to  come 
forth. 

Hervorstehen  {sep.,  *),  to  stand  out  in  high  relief;  to  be  promi- 
nent, project;   protuberate. 

Missverstehen  {tr.,  ace),  to  mistake,  to  misunderstand;  misap- 
prehend. Man  moge  mich  nicht  missverstehen,  do  not  let  me  be 
misunderstood. 


8o  IrregularVerbs. 

Nachstehen  (*  sep.,  dat.),  to  stand  after,  follow;  to  fall  short;  to 
be  second  to,  inferior;    behind. 

Uberstehen  {sep.,  intr.,  tr.,  insep.),  to  stand  over,  to  stand  out,  to 
hang  or  lap  over;  to  project;  to  sustain,  to  get  through;  to  bear, 
endure;  to  get  off,  escape;  to  survive.  Er  hat  es  iiberstanden, 
he  is  at  rest,  his  struggles  are  over, 

Umstehen  (/r.,  ace),  to  stand  round;  to  grow  vapid  (die  Umste- 
henden,  bystanders). 

Unterstehen  (inir.,  *  sep.,  insep.,  refl.,  tr.),  to  stand  under,  to  take 
shelter;  to  dare,  venture,  to  be  bold  enough;  to  presume.  Unter- 
stehen Sie  sich  das  nicht,  dare  not  do  it. 

Verstehen  (tr.,  ace),  to  be  injured  by  long  standing;  to  understand; 
comprehend,  take  a  hint;  to  agree,  consent,  submit,  accede;  to 
know  well;  to  be  at  home  in;    to  suppose. 

Vorstehen  (sep.,  dat.,  *),  to  conduct,  govern;  to  stand  before  a  thing; 
to  stand  out,  project;    rule. 

Widerstehen  (imp.,  dat.,  *),  to  resist,  oppose,  withstand;  to  be  re- 
pugnant; to  go  against;   disobey. 

Zugestehen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  confess,  own;  to  concede,  grant; 
to  yield,  allow,  permit,  sufifer. 

Zurtickstehen  (sep.,  *),  to  stand  back,  be  modest;  to  be  behind 
or  inferior  to. 

Zustehen  (sep.),  to  insist;  to  be  incumbent  on,  due;  to  appertain  to. 
STEHLEN  (t  tr.,  intr,,  refl.,  o.,  ace),  stahl,  gestohlen,  to  steal,  to  pil- 
fer, to  rob;   to  captivate;  to  bag,  pick;   to  lift;   to  grab;    to  sneak 
off  or  away;   to  creep  into.     Sich  in  Jemandes  Gunst  stehlen,  to 
wind  (or  steal)  oneself  into  one's  graces. 

Bestehlen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  rob,  to  steal  from.  Die  Taschen  bestehlen, 
to  pick  pockets. 

Entstehlen  (f  tr.,  ace)  (see  Jortstehlen. 

Fortstehlen  (sep.,  refl.,  f  ^^-j  intr.),  to  continue  to  steal,  to  steal, 
take  away  secretly;  to  sneak  away. 

Verstehlen  (f  tr.,  refl)  (see  wegstehlen). 

Wegstehlen  (sep.,  tr.,  refl.),  to  purloin;  to  steal  away;    to  steal  or 
sneak  off. 
STEIGEN    (*  intr.,   tr.),    stieg,   gestiegen,   to   rise,   mount,   ascend; 
climb  up;   to  increase,  advance;   to  fly  up;   improve;  to  step  or 
get. 

Absteigen  (sep.,  *),  to  descend,  step  or  get  down;  to  alight;  take 
temporary  lodging;    to  stay. 

Ansteigen  (sep.,  *),  to  rise,  ascend,  step  up;  to  come  stalking  along. 

Aufsteigen  (sep.,  *),  to  get  up,  rise,  ascend;  to  be  elevated;  to  fly 
up. 

Aussteigen  (sep.,  *),  to  step  out,  get  out;  alight;   to  disembark. 


Irregular    Verbs.  8i 

Besteigen  (tr.,  ace),  to  mount,  get  up;   to  leap,  cover;   to  climb  up, 
to  go  aboard. 

Einsteigen  (sep.,  *),  to  step  or  get  in  or  into;    to  enter,  to  get  on 
board. 

Entsteigen  (*),  to  rise,  to  come  forth,  from,  or  out  of;    to  emerge 
from;    to  cause. 

Herauf-  und  herabsteigen  {sep.,  *),  to  climb  up  and  down. 

Nachsteigen  (sep.,  *),  to  mount  or  rise  after;    to  follow. 

Versteigen  (refl.),  to  climb  or  mount  too  high;  to  go  too  far;  to 
lose  oneself. 
STERBEN  (t  gen.,  o.,  imp.,  refl.,  *),  starb,  gestorben,  to  die,  pass 
away;  succumb  to;  to  expire;  to  be  stricken  down;  to  decay.  Es 
ist  hier  wie  ausgestorben,  it  is  here  as  quiet  as  the  grave.  Sein 
verstorbener  Herr,  his  deceased  or  late  master.  Zum  Sterben 
gelangweilt,  to  be  bored  to  death. 

Absterben  (f  sep.,  *),  to  die  off  or  away;    to  fade,  wither,  decay; 
to  become  indifferent. 

Aussterben  (f  sep.,  *),  to  die  away  or  out;    to  expire;    to  get  off; 
to  become  extinct. 

Ersterben  (f  *),  to  die,  become  extinct;  to  die  away  or  out;  to  fade 
away, 

Versterben  (f  *),  to  die,  expire,  decease;    to  be  extinguished  or  ex- 
tinct. 
STIEBEN  (tr.,  intr.,  h.,  *),  stob,  gestoben,  to   fly   about,  to  rise  like 
dust;    to  disperse,  drift. 

Verstieben  {tr.,  intr.,  *),  to  fly  away  like  dust;  to  disperse,  scatter, 
to  be  gone. 
STINKEN  {intr.),  stank,  gestunken,  to  cause  bad  odor,  to  stink;  to  bring 
out  an  unhealthy  odor;  to  have  a  fetid  smell;  to  have  a  foul  or 
nasty  breath.  Er  stinkt  vor  Faulheit,  he  is  as  lazy  as  Ludlam's 
dog. 

Anstinken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  be  offensive  to  one's  smell;    to  be  ex- 
tremely disagreeable  to. 

Einstinken  {sep.),  to  bring  forth  or  cause  a  bad  odor. 

Verstinken  {tr.,  intr.),  to  rot  (of  eggs,  etc.);  to  stink  (a  room,  place, 
etc.). 
STOSSEN  (t  tr.,  intr.,  refl),  stiess,  gestossen,  to  push,  knock,  hit, 
jerk,  pound,  bruise,  strike,  touch,  hurt;  to  reduce  to  (powder),  to 
pulverize;  to  smooth  off;  to  play  (a  ball);  to  run  or  dash  against 
or  into;    to  thrust  at;    to  kick. 

Abstossen  {sep.,  f  refl.,  tr.,  intr),  to  remove  by  pushing,  thrusting, 
driving;    to  wean;    to  sell;    to  pound,  beat. 

Anstossen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  intr),  to  strike,  knock,  push,  thrust;  to  invade; 
attack;   to  bump  against;   to  give  offense;  shock;   to  clink  glasses. 
6 


82  Irregular   Verbs. 

Aufstossen  {sep,,  f  tr.,  intr.),  to  push  or  throw  up;  to  ferment  afresh; 

to  eructate,  to  vomit  up, 
Ausstossen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  intr.),  to  push,  thrust,  throw  out;    to  turn 

out,  expel;    oust,  eject;    to  ostracise. 
Durchstossen  {sep.,  t  t^-y  intr.,  ace),  to  push  through;    to  wear  out 

by  pushing  against;   to  make  sore,  open. 
Einstossen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  push,  drive,  or  ram  in;    to  break, 

knock  in;   to  thrust  in;   to  throw  down. 
Fortstossen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  repel;    to  push  away,  to  hustle; 

to  propel;  to  jog  on, 
Verstossen  {tr.,  ace,  f  intr),  to  offend  against,  to  commit  a  mistake; 

to  commit  a  breach  of  custom;  to  dispossess,  to  turn  out;  to  divorce; 

dislocate  by  pushing;    put  out  of  place. 
Vorstossen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  intr),  to  push  forward;  to  braid,  edge;  to 

project,  jet  out. 
Zusammenstossen  {sep.,    f).   to  knock,  hit,  or  dash  together;  to 

collide,  run  foul;    sew  together, 
Zustossen  {sep.,  f),  to  push  to  or  toward;  to  shut;  to  befall,  happen; 

to  occur. 
STREICHEN  (*  dat.,  tr.,  intr.,  reft),  strich,  gestrichen,  to  touch, 

stroke,  rub;    pass,  move,  rush,  sweep;   roam,  wander;   to  grind,  to 

whet;   to  magnetize;   to  spread  over  (butter);    to  cancel;    to  sup- 
press;  to  scourge  or  whip. 
Abstreichen  {tr.,  ace,  sep),  to  rove,  wander,  move;  to  strike,  scrape 

off;    to  remove,  take  away;  whet. 
Anstreichen  {tr.,  ace,  sep),  to  paint,  varnish,  color;    to  tar,   whiten, 

whitewash;   to  scrape. 
Aufstreichen    {tr.,    ace,  sep),  to  spread,    lay    on;    draw    upward; 

to  strike  against;   to  whip, 
Ausstreichen  (/r.,  ace,  sep.),  to  cross,  dash,  or  do  out;    to  erase; 
.    to  whip,  scourge,  smooth  down;   to  unplaid. 
Bestreichen  {tr.,  ace),  to  spread  over;    smear,  besmear;    to   paint, 

plaster;    to  touch,  stroke,  rub. 
Durchstreichen  {tr.,  ace,  insep.,  sep.),  to  run  a  line  through,  to  cross 

through;  to  erase,  cancel. 
Einstreichen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  rub  into;    to  take  up  and  pocket; 

to  sweep  in,  imburse;    to  punish. 
Entstreichen  (see  verstreichen). 
Fortstreichen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  *),  to  erase;    to  stroll  away,  to  run 

out  or  away  (from  a  certain  district). 
Uberstreichen  {tr.,  sep.,  insep.),  to  spread  over,  to  put  on;   to  varn- 
ish, to  paint  over;    to  go  over. 
Unterstreichen  {tr.,  ace),  to  score,  mark  with  a  line;   to  underline; 

to  dash  or  double-dash. 


IrregularVerbs.  83 

Verstreichen  {tr.,  intr.,  *  h.),  to  pass  or  glide  away;   to   consume, 
spread,  or  do  over. 

Vorstreichen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  strike  or  rub  forth;   spread  forward; 
to  dot,  mark  with  a  dash. 

Zerstreichen  (see  verstreichen). 

Zustreichen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  *  h.),  to  smear  up,  to  close  by  smearing; 
to  bear  away;  to  extend  to. 
STREITEN  (tr.,  intr.,  o.',  refl.),  stritt,  gestritten,  to  fight,  combat,  strug- 
gle; contend,  dispute,  quarrel;  to  wrestle;  to  strive;  to  engage  in  a 
controversy;  to  haggle  about.  Anstreitig  machen,  to  charge  a 
person  with  denying    his    allegations;    to  contest. 

Abstreiten  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  take  or  wrest  from;    to  contest,  dis- 
pute;   to  deny,  controvert. 

Anstreiten  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  strive  against  a  thing;    to  impugn, 
call  in  question;    to  contest. 

Ausstreiten  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  fight  out,  to  terminate  a  difference; 
to  wrangle. 

Bestreiten  (tr.,  ace),  to  combat,  fight,  attack;   to  impugn,  contest, 
deny;    to  provide  for,  meet. 

Mitstreiten  (sep.),  to  fight  with  or  along;    to  join  in  the  combat. 

Widerstreiten,  to  oppose,  to  militate  against;   to  clash;  to  antagon- 
ize, conflict. 


T. 

THUN  (tr.,  dat.,  intr.,  refl.),  that,  gethan,  to  behave  well;  to  do,  act, 
make,  pretend,  affect;  perform;  to  render;  to  work;  to  occupy 
oneself;  to  pretend,  affect,  feign.  Ich  werde  es  thun,  I  will  attend 
to  it. 

Abthun  (tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  put  down  or  off;  to  take  away,  remove; 
to  cease  to  aid;    to  retire,  divest. 

Anthun  (sep.,  tr.,  refl.),  to  put  on,  don,  clothe,  attire;  to  show,  offer, 
commit;   to  make;   to  constrain  oneself. 

Aufthun  (sep.,  tr.,  refl.),  to  open,  spread,  expand;  to  disclose,  swell 
up;    to  add;    to  put  on  weight. 

Austhun  (sep.,  tr.,  refl.),  to  put  off  or  out;  to  pull  or  take  off;  to  un- 
dress; to  erase,  blot  out. 

Einthun  (sep.,  tr.,  refl.),  to  get  in;  to  purchase;  to  lay  in,  put 
up. 

Fortthun  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  put  away,  to  lay  aside;   to  get  rid  of. 
Gross  thun  (sep.,  refl.),  to  brag,    to   vaunt   one's   bravery;   to  boast; 

to  swagger. 
Mitthim  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  do  with  others,  to  join  in. 


84  IrregularVerbs. 

Nachthun  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  do  after,  to  do  as  another  does;  to  imi- 
tate; to  come  up  with  one, 

Verthun  {tr.,  intr.,  *),  to  do  one's  duty;  to  be  at  an  end,  to  be  done 
for;  to  spend  lavishly,  to  squander,  to  waste;  to  use  up,  to  dispose 
of;    to  disperse;    to  put  away. 

Vorthun  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  put  before  one;  to  do  beforehand,  hastily; 
to  distinguish  oneself. 

Zuwiderthun  {sep.),  to  do  in  spite  of;    to  do  against  one. 

TRAGEN  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  f),  trug,  getragen,  to  bear,  carry,  wear;  to 
go  in;  to  put;    to' hold;    to    support;    to  yield;   to  produce;   to 
entertain. 
Abtragen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  reft.),  to  carry  off,  to  take  away;  to  pull  or  take 

down;   to  transfer;  to  wear  off. 
Antragen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  bear,  carry,  bring  near;    to  propose, 

offer,  proffer,  tender;    to  move  for. 
Auftragen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  put  on,  carr}'  up,  bear;   to  lay,  put 
on,  to  apply;   to  commission;   to  beat.     Auf  Handen  tragen,  to 

worship. 
Austragen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  carry  out,  deliver,  distribute;   to  wear 

out;    to  report,  defame;    to  blab. 
Beitragen  {sep.,  f  tr.,  ace),  to  contribute,  to  bear  a  share;    to  be 

conducive,  to  assist;    to  help. 
Betragen  (f  intr.,  reft.),  to  lay  on;  to  amount  or  come  to;  to  behave, 

conduct,  demean  oneself. 
Durchtragen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  carry  through,  to  wear  through 

or  out. 
Eintragen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  enter  in  a  book;   to  carry  or  gather 

in;  to  register,  record;  to  yield. 
Ertragen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  bear,  support;   to  endure,  suffer,  undergo; 

to  sustain,  to  brook. 
Forttragen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  carry,  to  take  or  bear  away;    to  convey. 

Der  Wind  trug>den>Laat  fort,  the  wind  caught  up  the  sound. 
HeFUtntragen  {reft.,  tr.,  sep.),  to  carry  round,  to  carry  to  one's  neigh- 
bor;   to  carry,  wear,  or  bear  about  one;    to  circulate  (a  report);    to 

canvass.     Ich  trage  etwas   im   Kopfe   herum,   something   runs  in 

my  mind. 
Hintragen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  carry  to;   to  bring  hither. 
Leidtragen  (see  trauern). 
Mittragen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  assist  in  bearing  or  carrying;  to  share; 

to  carry  in  common  with  others. 
Nachtragen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  bear  a  grudge  or  a  spite;    to  owe 

one  no  good  will;   to  be  resentful;  to  add;   to  supply,  to  bring  up, 

to  post;    to  bear  or  carry  after. 
Ubertragen  {sep.,  tr.,  insep.,  reft.,  *),  to  transport,  to  carry  over; 


Irregular    Verbs.  85 

to  wear  over  (something);  to  convey,  confer;  grant;  to  make 
something  over  to;  to  consign,  to  assign;  to  commission  a  per- 
son with  something,  to  ask,  request;  to  transcribe;  to  enter;  to 
translate;  to  be  transferred;  to  be  infectious  or  contagious,  to 
be  catching  (med.);  to  injure  one's  health  by  carrying  too  heavy 
loads;    to  be  overburdened. 

Umtragen  (tr.,  sep.,  refl.),  to  carry  from  one  place  to  another;  to 
have  a  mind  to,  to  have  the  intention  to. 

Vertragen  (f  ir.,  ace,  dat.,  refl.),  to  carry  away,  misplace,  wear 
out;  to  become  reconciled;  to  come  to  an  agreement,  to  make  up. 
Sich  vertragen,  to  be  compatible  or  consistent  with  another. 

Vortragen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  bring  or  carry  before;  to  put  or  place 
before  a  person;  to  propose,  to  propound;  to  submit;  to  dis- 
course, lecture;    perform;    to  state,  deliver. 

Wegtragen  (tr.,  sep.),  to  carry  away  or  off;  to  bear  off;  to  ward  off 
with;  to  steal. 

Zertragen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  carry  out  to  the  very  last;  to  carry  to 
pieces  (see  tragen). 

Zutragen  (f  tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  carry  to,  to  bring;  to  report,  to  yield 
a  crop;    to  happen,  occur. 

TREFFEN  (f  tr.,  intr.,  refl.),  traf,  getroffen,  to  hit,  strike,  touch, 

affect;     to    regard,    concern;    find;    to  happen;     to    chance;    to 

coincide;    to  meet  or  fall  at  a  certain  date  (es   fait  am — it  falls 

on) ;  to  be  like  or  resemble. 
Antreffen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  meet  or  fall  in  with;  to  catch,  find; 

to  take  in  the  act. 
Auftreffen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  hit  or  strike  upon;    to  find  up;    to 

find  out  of  bed. 
Betreffen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  befall,  fall  upon;    to  surprise,  catch  in; 

to  concern,  import,  affect. 
Eintrefifen  (f  *  sep),  to  arrive,  come  in;  to  be  due;  to  coincide  with; 

to  come  to  pass;    to  be  fulfilled;    verified;    realized. 
Zusammentreffen  (f  *  sep),  to  meet,  to  come  together;    to  fall 

in;    to  encoun^r;    to  coincide. 
Zutreffen  (t  sep),  to  agree,  concur;  to  come  up;  to  be  just;  to  come 

right;    to  turn  out  true. 

TREIBEN  {tr.j'^'rntr.,  refl),  trieb,  getrieben,  to  drive,  turn,  move; 
put  in  motjort-  set  going;  chase;  force;  to  insist;  to  urge  on,  to 
hurry,  to  push,  to  press;  to  bring  to  (tears);  to  deprive  or  dismiss; 
to  do,  to  be,  G'jrto  (mischief) . 

Abtreiben  (sep.,'  tr.,  ace),  to  remove  by  driving,  to  force  away;  to 
repulse,  repel;   to  procure  abortion. 

Antreiben  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  drive  or  push  on;  to  hurry  forward, 
fasten;    to  urge  on;    incite,  prompt. 


86  IrregularVerbs. 

Auftreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  drive,  blow,  or  swell  up;  to  procure, 
raise,  levy;   to  enter,  appear. 

Austreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  drive  out;  expel;  cast  out;  to  eject; 
to  exile. 

Betreiben  {tr.,  ace),  to  drive,  push  on;  hasten,  press;  pursue,  pro- 
secute;   to  manage,  carry  on. 

Durchtreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  drive  through;  to  strain;  to  carry 
out,  to  efifect.  Er  ist  sehr  durchtrieben,  he  is  very  sharp.  Ein 
durchtriebener  Mensch,  a  cunning  fellow. 

Eintreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  drive  in  or  home;  to  exact,  enforce, 
collect;   to  gather,  cash,  recover. 

Entgegentreiben  {tr.,  *  sep.),  to  drive  toward  or  against. 

Heraustreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  drive  out;  to  beat  out. 

Herumtreiben  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  drive  round,  to  drive  about; 
to  float  about;  to  go,  run,  rove  about;  to  go  begging;  to  frequent 
pot-houses;  to  booze  about;  to  rove  all  the  world  over;  to  loaf 
around. 

Vertreiben  {tr.,  ace),  to  drive  away,  forth,  from;  to  dispel,  dislodge, 
remove;   to  eject,  chase  out  or  away. 

Wegtreiben  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  drive  or  chase  away;  to  beat  oflF; 
to  drift.    Das  Boot  ist  weggetrieben,  the  boat  has  broken  loose. 

Zutreiben  {sep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  drift  toward,  to  drive  or  to  convey  to- 
ward. 

TRETEN  (t  h.,  *  tr.,  intr.),  trat,  getreten,  to  tread,  step  on,  into; 

to  enter,  walk  on;   to  trample;  to  gb  to  (altar);  to  kick. 
Abtreten   (t  sep.,  tr.,  intr.,  h.,  *),  to  alight,  stop,  take  up  one's 

quarters;   to  recede,  retire;  to  cede,  yield,  render,  resign;   to  aban- 
don, transfer. 
Antreten  (f  sep.,  h.,  *  tr.,  intr.),  to  tread  fast;  to  approach,  accost, 

address;    to  set  out,  to  enter  upon,  to  begin,  to  commence,  to 

fall  in. 
Auftreten  (f  sep.,  *),  to  step  on  the  ground,  to  walk;    to  proceed, 

go  to  work,  act;   appear,  enter. 
Austreten  (f  sep.,  h,  *  intr.,   tr.,   ace),   to   step  out,  come  forth, 

leave;  to  quit,  retire,  resign;  to  tread  out. 
Beitreten    (f  *  sep.),  to  accede;   to  come  over;   to  take  part,  join; 

to  enter  into;   assent  to. 
Betreten  (f  tr.,  ace,  h.,  *),  to  set  foot  upon;  to  tread,  step  on;  to 

fall  in  with,  to  encounter;  find. 
Betreten  sein,  to  be  concerned,  abashed,  to  be  shocked,  embarrassed, 

surprised. 
Durchtreten  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  tread  through;  to  wear  out. 
Eintreten  (f  *  sep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  enter,  step  in,  to  make  one's  entrance; 

to  commence;   to  join;   to  be  initiated. 


IrregularVerbs.  87 

Ubertreten  (t  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  step  or  pass  over;     to   go   over,  to 

change  sides;    overstep,  transgress. 
Vertreten  (f  ir.,  ace,  reft),  to  injure  by  treading;    to  sprain  one's 

foot;    to  appear  for,  to  stand  for,  to  represent;    to  intercede,  to 

mediate;    to  defend,  to  advocate. 
Vertreten  (t  sep.,  *),  to  step,  go,  or  walk  before;    to  step  forth;    to 

come  out  (see  vorragen).     Riickwarts  und  forwartstreten,  to  step 

forward  and  backward. 
Zertreten  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  crush  or  break  by  treading;  to  tread 

or  crush  under  foot;   to  ruin. 
Zutreten  (f  sep.,  intr.,  *),  to  step  up  to  one;    to  step  nearer,    to 

accede;  to  tread  or  stride  on. 

TRIEFEN  {reg.  and  irreg.;  tr.,  intr.,  *),  troff,  getroffen,  to  drop, 
drip,  trickle;  to  run;  to  flow;  to  perspire  (triefende  Augen 
haben,  to  be  blear-eyed).  Von  Schweiss  triefen,  to  drop  with 
perspiration. 

Abtriefen  {sep),  to  drip,  trickle  down. 

Antriefen  {sep)  {antrdufen),  to  drop,  drip  on,  against,  to  trickle 
upon. 

Austriefen  {sep),  to  cease  trickling;  to  trickle  down  in  small  drops; 
to  fall  in  small  drops;    to  drop  upon. 

Eintriefen  {sep),  to  drop  in,  to  instil,  to  infuse  drop  by  drop 
{eintrdujeln) . 

TRINKEN  {tr.,  dat.,  intr),  trank,  getrunken,  to  drink,  to  absorb;  to 
inhale;  to  take;  to  have;  to  drink  to;  to  toast  a  person;  to  imbibe. 
Auf  Etwas  trinken,  to  drink  to  (a  person's  health,  prosperity,  birth- 
day, etc.).     Auf  Gesundheit  trinken,  to  toast  a  person. 

Ab trinken  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  drink,  sip  off,  finish  drinking;  to  reduce 
a  debt  by  drinking. 

Antrinken  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  begin  to  drink,  to  drink  first;  to  drink 
hard;  to  fill  oneself  with  drink. 

Auf  trinken  {sep),  to  drink  up,  to  imbibe,  to  absorb;  to  drink  one's 
health. 

Austrinken  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  drink  out,  off,  up;  to  finish  or  leave 
off  drinking;   drink  to  the  bottom. 

Betrinken  (*  reft),  to  get  drunk;  to  drink  to  excess;  to  drink  too 
much.  Er  ist  betrunken,  he  is  drunk;  er  hat  sich  betrunken,  he  got 
drunk. 

Eintrinken  {sep.,  tr.,  reft),  to  imbibe,  to  admit,  to  drink  in  or  initiate 
a  newcomer. 

Ertrinken  (*),  to  be  drowned. 

Mittrinken  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  drink  along,  to  drink  in  company. 

Nachtrinken  {sep.,  tr.,  intr),  to  drink  after,  to  drink  one's  health 
and  prosperity. 


88  IrregularVerbs. 

Vertrinken  (tr.,  ace),  to  spend,  consume,  or  pass  away  in  drinking; 

to  drink  up;    to  drown  one's  sorrow  by  drinking. 
Vortrinken  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  drink  first,  to  drink  before. 
Zutrinken  {sep.,  dat.),  to  drink  to,  drink  one's  health;    to  pledge 

or  toast  a  person. 

TRUGEN  {tr.,  intr.),  trog,  getrogen,  to  deceive,  delude;  to  prove 
fallacious;  to  swindle;  to  be  deceitful;  to  fail.  Es  trog  mich  nicht, 
I  was  not  deceived;  my  instincts  did  not  deceive  me. 

Abtriigen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  cheat  out  of  a  thing. 

Betriigen  {ace,  refl.,  tr.),  to  cheat,  defraud;  trick;  overreach; 
dupe;  come  over;  to  mistake,  to  disappoint.  Er  hat  ihn  um 
sein  Vermogen  betrogen,  he  cheated  him  out  of  his  fortune.  Sich 
selbst  betrugen,  to  deceive  oneself  (see  primitive  verb). 


VERBEISSEN  {tr.,  *  ace,  refl.),  verbiss,  verbissen,  to  bite  off;  nip; 
spoil  by  biting;  to  swallow,  choke  one's  anger,  forbear;  to  choke; 
bitter,  sullen;  to  gnaw,  to  wear  away  by  biting;  to  suppress  by  an 
efifort;   to  restrain,  swallow,  stifle  (see  beissen). 

VERBERGEN  (f  tr.,  dat.,  ace,  refl.),  verbarg,  verborgen,  have  secrets; 
to  hide,  conceal,  keep  from;  to  cover,  screen;  to  veil,  to  shade; 
to  hush  up,  to  suppress  (see  bergen) . 

VERBIEGEN  {tr.,  ace,  j'efl.),  verbog,  verbogen,  to  spoil  or  to  make 
useless  by  bending;  to  give  a  wrong  bend;  to  twist  the  wrong  way; 
to  distort,  to  put  out  of  shape;  to  curve,  to  cause  to  deviate;  to 
get  bent  or  twisted  (see  biegen). 

VERBIETEN  {tr.,  dat.,  ace),  verbot,  verboten,  to  forbid,  prohibit; 
to  interdict;   to  veto  (see  bieten). 

VERBINDEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  verband,  verbimden,  to  bind,  tie  up; 
dress  a  wound;  to  unite,  join,  to  combine;  to  link  together,  to 
cement;  to  bind  wrong,  to  misplace;  to  associate;  to  make  com- 
mon cause  with;  to  enter  into;  to  amalgamate;  to  grow  together; 
to  combine  with;  to  reunite;  to  engage;  to  undertake  to  do  some- 
thing;  to  be  under  obligation  (see  binden). 

VERBITTEN  {refl.,  tr.,  dat.,  ace),  verbat,  verboten,  to  deprecate, 
refuse,  decline;  to  forbid;  beg  to  discontinue;  to  desire  to  be 
excused  from  (see  bitten). 

VERBLASEN  (f  tr.,  ace,  refl.),  verblies,  verblasen,  to  remove  by 
blowing;  to  refine,  dilute;  to  blend;  to  spoil  in  blowing;  to  play  out 
of  tune  (see  blasen). 


Irregular    Verbs.  89 

VERBLEIBEN  {intr.,  *),  verblieb,  verblieben,  to  remain,  abide, 
stay,  continue;  persist  (see  bleiben). 

VERBLEICHEN  (inlr.,  *),  verblich,  verblichen,  to  grow  pale,  wan; 
to  fade;  to  expire,  die;   to  change  colors  (see  hleichen). 

VERBRECHEN  (f  tr.,  ace),  verbrach,  verbrochen,  to  break,  mar; 
to  commit,  perpetrate  a  crime;  to  offend;  to  do  wrong,  harm;  to 
be  guilty  of  a  crime;    to  trespass,  to  outrage  (see  hrechen). 

VERBRENNEN  {intr.,  *  tr.,  ace,  reft.),  verbrannte,  verbrannt,  to 
burn,  to  be  consumed  or  destroyed  by  fire,  to  scorch,  scald,  tan; 
to  blast  by  heat;    to  be  burned  to  death  (see  hrennen). 

VERDERBEN  (f  intr.,  *  tr.,  ace),  verdarb,  verdorben,  to  spoil, 
fail,  deteriorate;  decay;  go  to  ruin;  to  render  unfit;  to  corrupt, 
taint,  blight,  mar;  to  injure;  to  waste,  rot,  degenerate;  to  become 
damaged;    to  die,  to  perish;    to  undo;    to  taint;    to  come  to  grief. 

VERDRIESSEN  {tr.,  ace),  verdross,  verdrossen,  to  grieve,  fret, 
vex,  irk,  mortify;  trouble.  Es  verdriesst  mich,  dass  Sie,  I  am 
mortified  that  you.  Sich  verdriessen  lassen,  ngt  to  mind  the 
trouble. 

VERFAHREN  {h.,  *  f  intr.,  tr.,  ace,  reft.),  verfuhr,  verfahren,  to 
deal,  proceed,  act,  take  a  course;  to  treat;  to  use,  manage,  dis- 
pose; to  go  or  set  to  work;  to  spend  on  vehicles  or  driving;  to 
convey,  carry,  transport;    to  lose  one's  way  in  driving  (see  }ahren). 

VERGESSEN  {tr.,  gen.,  ace,  t  reft.),  vergass,  vergessen,  to  forget, 
omit,  neglect;  to  leave  behind;  to  overlook;  to  slip  a  person's 
memory. 

VERGLEICHEN  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  verglich,  verglichen,  to  make  even, 
level,  to  smooth;  to  equalize;  to  compare;  to  point  off,  draw  par- 
allel;   to  adjust;    to  contrast;    to  match;    to  collate  (see  gleichen). 

VERGLIMMEN  {intr.,  *  reft.),  verglomm,  verglommen,  to  cease 
glowing,  to  cease  its  glow;  to  cool  down;  to  go  out  slowly;  to  die 
out,  down,  away  (see  glimmen). 

VERGRABEN  {tr.,  f  ace,  reft.),  vergrub,  vergraben,  to  inter,  bury, 
hide  in  the  ground,  to  intrench;  to  shut  oneself  up;  to  retire  (see 
graben). 

VERGREIFEN  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  vergriff,  vergriffen,  to  buy  up,  to 
consume;  to  mistake  in  seizing;  to  violate,  to  outrage;  to  meddle 
with;  to  purloin,  steal;  to  embezzle,  to  rob;  to  maltreat;  to  at- 
tempt a  person's  life;  to  insult  one;  to  trespass  against  (see 
greifen) . 

VERLIEREN  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  verier,  verloren,  to  lose,  to  be  at  fault; 
to  go  astray;  drop,  pass;  to  forfeit;  to  vanish,  to  disappear;  to 
pass  away;  to  evaporate  (of  fragrance);  to  escape;  to  disperse, 
to  scatter;    to  fade  away  (of  colors). 


go  IrregularVerbs. 

VERLOSCHEN  (/r.,  ace,  intr.,  *),  verlosch,  verloschen,  to  be  ex- 
tinguished, to  go  out;  to  become  extinct;  die;  to  expire;  to 
become  effaced,  obliterated,  blotted  out  (see  loschen,  list  of  regular 
and  irregular  verbs). 

VERSCHALLEN  {inlr.,  *),  verscholl,  verschoUen,  to  die  away,  to 
cease  sounding;  to  die  off;  to  be  missing,  long  forgotten;  to  van- 
ish;  to  be  absent,  gone  (see  schallen). 

VERSCHWINDEN  {intr.,  *),  verschwand,  verschwunden,  to  dis- 
appear, vanish,  pass  away;  to  be  lost  to  sight;  to  dip;  run  away; 
to  decamp;  to  dissolve;  to  fade  away;  to  go  (see  schwinden). 

VERWENDEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  verwandte,  verwandt  (also  used 
as  regular  verb),  to  turn  away;  to  use,  to  employ,  to  apply;  to 
convert  for  or  upon;  to  spend,  to  expend,  to  bestow;  to  devote; 
to  turn  something  to  use,  to  utilize;  to  use  one's  influence  or 
interest  for  or  on  behalf  of;  to  plead  for;  to  intercede;  to  take 
up  a  person's  cause  (see  wenden). 


W. 

WACHSEN  (t  refl.,  *),  wuchs,  gewachsen,  to  grow,  sprout;  increase, 
gain  ground;  thrive;  outgrow;  to  shoot  up,  to  come  up;  to  pro- 
gress, prosper,  to  do  well;  to  advance;  to  widen;  to  expand;  to 
take  root;   to  be  shaped. 

Abwachsen  (t  sep.,  *),  to  decrease,  grow  less. 

Anwachsen  (f  sep.,  refl.,  dat.,  *),  to  begin  to  grow;   to  grow  in  plenty. 

Aufwachsen  (f  sep.,  *),  to  grow  up;    to  thrive. 

Auswachsen  (f  sep.,  *),  to  shoot  out,  to  grow  out;  to  sprout,  crys- 
tallize; to  grow  humpbacked;  to  be  full  grown,  adult,  mature, 
ripe. 

Bewachsen  (f  *),  to  overgrow,  to  cover  with  growth. 

Durchwachsen  (f  sep.,  *),  to  grow  through. 

Einwachsen  (f  sep.,  *  refl.),  to  grow  in  or  into. 

Erwachsen  (f  *),  to  grow,  grow  up;  to  arise,  spring,  proceed;  to 
accrue,  ripen,  grow  to  maturity. 

Mitwachsen  (t  sep.,  *),  to  grow  up  with;    to  thrive  along. 

Nachwachsen  (t  sep.,  *),  to  grow  after,  to  grow  up  to;  to  grow  into 
the  place  of  something. 

tiberwachsen  (f  sep.,  *),  to  overgrow,  to  cover  with  growth;  to  out- 
grow;   to  grow  too  fast.      ^ 

Verwachsen  (f  *),  to  be  grown  or  overgrown;  to  grow  together; 
entwine;    to  grow  too  much. 


IrregularVerbs.  91 

Zusammenwachsen    (f    sep.,  *),   to   grow  together;    to    coalesce; 

connate. 
Zuwachsen  (f  sep.,   *),  to  be  covered  or  closed  by  overgrowing; 

to  heal  up;    consolidate;    close. 

WAGEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  wog,  gewogen,  to  ponder,  consider;  to  weigh; 

balance,  poise;    to  level;    to  equilibrate  (see  wiegen). 
Aufwagen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  weigh,  draw,  lift,  or  raise  up;    to  weigh 

down;    overbalance. 
Auswagen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  sell   by  weight  or  by  retail;    to  weigh 

or  weigh  out. 
Erwagen  {tr.,   ace),   to  weigh,   ponder,   consider,   reflect  upon;    to 

canvass,  deliberate,  discuss  (see  primitive  verb). 

WASCHEN  {intr.,  f  tr.,  dat.,  ace,  refl.),  wusch,  gewaschen,  to  wash, 
clean,  cleanse;  to  scour;  to  dress  (a  wound);  to  clear,  to  excul- 
pate. 

Abwaschen  {tr.,  ace,  f  sep.),  to  wash  off,  away,  out;  to  remove  by 
washing;    to  wipe  oflF;    to  clear  away. 

Aufwaschen  {tr.,  ace,  f  sep.),  to  cleanse,  wash  off,  remove;  to  use 
up  by  washing. 

Auswaschen  {tr.,  ace,  f  sep.),  to  wash  out  or  off;  to  cleanse  by 
washing;    to  bathe;    to  lose  color. 

Durchwaschen  {tr.,  ace,  f  sep.),  to  wash  through,  to  wear  out  by 
washing;    to  make  sore  by  washing. 

Einwaschen  {tr.,  refl.,  f  sep).,  to  wash  (ore);  to  reduce  by  washing. 

Reinwaschen  (tr.,  refl.,  f  sep.),  to  clean,  clear,  cleanse,  purge,  to 
wash,  sweep  (reinigen). 

Uberwaschen  {tr.,  ace,  f  sep.),  to  wash  over,  to  wash  again. 

WEBEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  intr.),  wob,  gewoben,  to  move,  wave,  float, 
hover;    to  weave,  entwine,  wreathe;    form;    to  work  (tapestry);   to 
be  astir  or  alive;   to  be  energetic;   to  stir  up. 
Abweben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  wind  off,  to  unwind;   to  finish  weaving, 

to  weave  to  the  end. 
Umweben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  weave  round,  to  entangle,  to  surround 

with  a  net. 
Verweben  {tr.,  ace),  to  consume  in  or  with  weaving;   to  cover  with 
'         cobwebs;    to  interweave. 

WEICHEN  {intr.,  *  hab.,  dat.;  used  as  regular  and  irregular  verb),  wich, 
gewichen,  to  yield,  withdraw;  to  go  away,  shift,  retire,  retreat,  to 
lose  ground;  to  give  way.  (For  wcichen,  to  soak,  drench,  etc.,  see 
list  of  regular  verbs.) 
Abweichen  {tr.,  intr.,  *  ace,  sep.),  to  deviate,  turn  aside;  away  from; 
to  recede,  leave,  forsake;  to  vary,  differ;  dissent  from;  to  pass 
by;    to  elapse. 


92  IrregularVerbs. 

Ausweichen    {intr.,  sep.,  *   daL,   sometimes   used  tr.),  to  give  way, 

to  step  aside,  to  turn  aside;    to  modulate,  to  change  or  pass  from; 

to    escape    from;    to    shrink    from,    to    avoid;    to  yield,    to    give 

way.     Er  weicht  mir  aus,    he  does  not  notice  me,  he  gets  out  of 

my  way. 
Entweichen  {intr.,  *  dat.),  to  escape,  to  run  away,  to  disappear;   to 

abscond  from;    to  elope.     Der  Boden   wich   unter  meinen  Fiissen, 

the  ground  sunk  under   my   feet.     Das  Gas  entweicht  irgendwo, 

the  gas  is  escaping  somewhere. 
Zuriickweichen   (sep.,   intr.,  *  o.),  to  recede,  to  retreat,  to  retire, 

to  draw  or  fall  back;    to  give  way,  to  shrink  from;    to  decline; 

to  shade  off.     Muthig  weicht  zuriick  der  Starke,  the  brave  man 

yields  frankly. 

WEISEN  {tr.,  dat.,  intr.,  refl),  wies,    gewiesen,  to    show,  indicate, 

point  out,  direct;  to  teach;    to  refer;   to  give;   to  take  a  person  to; 

to  fix.     Etwas  von  sich  weisen,  to  decline,    refuse,  repel,  to  turn 

away;  to  dismiss. 
Abweisen  {tr.,  ace,  sep),  to  reject,  to  put  or  turn  off;    to  refuse 

admittance;    to  decline,  dismiss. 
Anweisen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  assign,  allot,  appoint;    to  grant,  open 

credit;    to  make  payable  to;    to  teach,  instruct;    to  direct. 
Aufweisen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  show,  produce,  exhibit,  present.  - 
Ausweisen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  order  out,  to  quit,  to  expel,  banish, 

exile,  turn  out;    to  show,  prove;    to  decide;    to  legitimize  oneself. 
Beweisen  {tr.,  ace),  to  make  appear,  to  display,  to  show;   to  prove, 

demonstrate,  make  good;  to  evidence,  verify,  evince;    to  establish 

or  clear  a  title. 
Erweisen  {tr.,  ace  ,  refl.),  to  show,  to  do,  to  render;   to  prove,  make 

good,  to  confer;    pay. 
Fortweisen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  show  the  way;    to  turn  or  send  away. 
Hinweisen  (see  verweisen). 
Nachweisen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  prove,  to  show,  point  out,  direct, 

refer;   to  authenticate,  establish. 
Verweisen  {tr.,  ace),  to  rebuke,  reprove,  reprimand,  to  chide,  check, 

reproach. 
Verweisen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  produce,  exhibit,  show  forth,  to  present. 
Zurechtweisen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  show  the  right  way,  to  set  aright; 

to  instruct,  advise,  admonish,  to  reprimand,  to  chastise,  to  casti- 
gate. 
Zuriickweisen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  show  back,  to  send  back,  to  refer 

to;   to  decline,  reject,  refuse. 

WENDEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  wandte,  gewandt,  to  turn,  change,  alter, 
direct,  apply  to,  bestow  upon;  to  cast  (eyes);  to  spend;  to  strike 
out  (direction);  to  lay  out;   to  devote. 


IrregularVerbs.  93 

Abwenden  (tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.),  to  avert,  to  turn  off,  aside,  away; 

to  remove,  prevent;    to  leave. 
Anwenden  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  employ,  use,  make  use  of;    to  exert, 

bestow;    to  experiment;   to  spend. 
Aufwenden  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  spend,  expend,  lay  out;    to  bestow; 

employ;    to  devote  to  or  on. 
Auswenden  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  alter  or  turn  a  piece  of  clothing. 
Bewenden  (used  inftnit.  with  lassen  only),  to  acquiesce  in;   to  be 

satisfied  in;  to  apply  to. 
Entwenden  {tr.,  ace),  to  purloin,  pilfer,  steal,  abstract,  embezzle; 

to  take  away. 
Umwenden  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  reft.,  sep.),  to  turn  round,  over,  up;    to 

veer. 
Verwenden  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  to  turn  away,  to  turn  round;    to  apply 

oneself  to;   to  intercede  in  behalf  of;   to  use  one's  interest  for;  to 

dispose  of;  to  spend  (see  primitive  verb). 
Zuwenden  {tr.,  ace,  sep.,  reft.),  to  turn  to;  to  procure,  to  bestow;  to 

throw  into  one's  way. 

WERBEN  {tr.,  intr.,  f),  warb,  geworben,  to  obtain,  gain,  levy,  raise, 
enlist;  recruit;  to  woo;  apply. 

Anwerben  {sep.,  f  tr.,  intr.),  to  levy,  raise,  enlist,  engage,  to  canvass 
for. 

Bewerben  (f  ace,  reft.),  to  solicit,  seek,  to  endeavor,  to  take  pains  in; 
'  to  court,  to  compete. 

Erwerben  {tr.,  dat.),  to  acquire,  earn,  obtain;  to  get,  purchase,  to 
buy;    to  establish,  accomplish. 

Umwerben  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  court,  to  be  in  great  demand,  to  be  a  de- 
sirable match. 

WERDEN  (t  *  intr.,  auxiliary  verb,  one  of  three),  wurde  (ward),  ge- 
worden  (expressing  growth,  origin,  rise,  birth,  formation,  develop- 
ment, evolution),  to  become,  arise,  to  come  into  existence;  to  turn 
to;  to  originate;  to  be  created,  to  be  called  into  life;  to  be  born, 
to  grow;  to  develop;  to  be  raised  to;  to  happen,  to  occur. 
Ich  werde,  I  am,  I  become,  I  grow,  I  get;  ich  wurde  (ward), 
I  became,  etc. ;  er  ist  geworden,  he  has  become,  etc. ;  Sie  werden 
werden,  you  shall  become;  werde,  werdet,  werden  Sie 
(imperative),  become.  Used  also  as  copula  or  independent  verb 
in  a  sentence. 

WERFEN  (t  tr.,  dat.,  intr.,  reft.),  warf,  geworfen,  to  throw;  cast;   fling; 
to  fall  or  pounce   upon;   to  warp;  to  rush  to;    to  drop;  to  have 
(young  ones) ;  to  bowl. 
Abwerfen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  throw  or  cast  down  or  ofif;    to  slip, 
knock,  or  fling  off;  to  remove. 


94  Irregular   Verbs. 

Anwerfen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  cast,  throw,  or  fling  at,  against,  or 

upon;    to  rough-cast;    to  slip  on. 
Aufwerfen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  reft.,  ace),  to  throw  or  cast  up;   to  raise;  to 

toss  up,  to  turn  up;  to  strike  open. 
Auswerfen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  throw,  cast,  or  fling  out;  to  throw 

overboard;    to  eject,  expel;  to  expectorate. 
Bewerfen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  throw  upon  or  at  one;    to  pelt  with  filth; 

to  plaster;  to  rough -cast. 
Durchwerfen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  cast  or  throw  through;   to  riddle; 

to  screen;    to  cross. 
Einwerfen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  intr.,  ace),  to  throw  in,  break,  smash;   to  put 

into  the  box;   to  object  to. 
Entgegenwerfen  {sep.),  to  throw  against,  toward,  to. 
Entwerfen  (f  tr.,  ace),  to  trace  out,  sketch,  delineate;    to  rough- 
draw;  to  design,  plan,  project. 
Nachwerfen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  throw  after    (see  werfen). 
Uberwerfen   {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  throw  over  or  across;    to  slip  on; 

to  upset,  throw  down;    to  overthrow;    to  quarrel,  to  fall  out  with 

a  person;    to  have  a  quarrel  with. 
Umwerfen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  throw  round,  to  put  on;  to  overthrow, 

to  subvert,  upset,  reverse. 
Unterwerfen  (t  refl.,  dat.,  tr.,  ace),  to  subject,  subdue,  to  submit, 

yield,  resign  oneself  to;  to  be  liable. 
Verwerfen  (f  tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  discard;  to  throw  out  wrong;  to  throw, 

fling,  or  cast  aside  or  away. 
Vorwerfen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  reproach;  upbraid,  to  exprobate; 

to  throw  or  cast  before;    to  throw  to. 
Wegwerfen  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  throw  away,  cast  off,  reject;   to  waste, 

lavish,   squander;    to  degrade,  to  debase,  or  to  demean  oneself; 

to  make  oneself  cheap;    to  throw  oneself  away  to  a  person;    to  be 

disdainful,  contemptuous. 
Zuruckwerfen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  throw  back,  to  throw  aside,  to 

cast  aside,  put  by;    to  reflect. 
Zuwerfen  (f  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  throw  or  cast  to;   to  close  or  fill  up. 

Einem  einen  Blick  zuwerfen,  to  throw  or  cast  a  look  at  one. 

WIEGEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  reg.  and  irreg.),  wog,  gewogen,  to  scale; 

to  be  of   a  certain  weight;    to   weigh,   to  calculate;    to  determine 

(see  wdgen).     (For  wiegen,  to  cradle,  rock,  etc.,  see  list  of  regular 

verbs.) 
Abwiegen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  weigh  duly,  to  determine  the  weight 

of;    to  balance,  to  poise,  to  weigh. 
Aufwiegen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  outweigh,  to  counterbalance;  to  make 

amends  for;   to  counterpoise. 


IrregularVerbs.  95 

Auswiegen  (/r.,  ace,  sep.),  to  sell  by  weight  or  retail,  to  weigh  out. 
Durchwiegen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.)  (see  abwiegen). 

Nachwiegen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  weigh,  to  find  out  the  right  weight. 
tJberwiegen  {tr.,  o.,  intr.),  to  outweigh,  to  overpoise;  to  overbalance, 

to  surpass,  exceed,  prevail. 
Umwiegen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  weigh  over,  to  weigh  again. 
Vorwiegen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  outweigh;    to  prevail,  preponderate; 

to  weigh  before  a  person. 
Zuwiegen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  weigh  to;    to  give  the  right  weight. 

WINDEN  {refl.,  tr.,  ace),  wand,  gewunden,  to  wind,  turn,  wring, 
reel,  wrest,  twist;  to  wreathe,  to  coil;  to  make  or  bind;  to  twine 
around;  to  WTest  or  wrench  from;  to  wind  up,  to  hoist;  to  curl, 
wriggle,  turn;  to  writhe  (with  pain);  to  squeeze  through. 

Abwinden  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  unwind,  to  reel  off;  to  unweave; 
to  untwist;  to  lower. 

Auswinden  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  wring  out;  to  wring  or  wrest  from 
one  (auswickeln). 

Bewinden  {tr.,  ace)  (see  umwinden). 

Entwinden  {tr.,  dat.),  to  rend  from;    to  loosen,  to  untie. 

Loswinden  {tr.,  sep.),  to  entwist,  disentwine,  to  unwind;  to  unwreathe; 
to  struggle  out  (of);   to  loosen  oneself. 

Umwinden  {sep.,  insep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  wind  about,  to  twine,  wreathe, 
twist  round;    to  wind  round  about. 

Verwinden  {tr.,  ace),  to  intertwist,  to  interlace;  to  get  the  better 
of;    to  overcome,   outgrow. 

Zerwinden  {tr.,  ace),  to  spoil  by  overwringing. 

WISSEW  {tr.,  ace),  wusste,  gewusst,  to  know,  have  knowledge  of;  to 
be  aware  of;  to  understand;  to  be  sensible  of;  to  have;  to  be  cog- 
nizant of  ;  to  be  acquainted  with  (facts) ;  to  be  initiated  into.  Ich 
weiss,   I  know,  I  am  familiar  with. 

WOLLEN  {auxiliary  verb  oj  mood,  one  0}  six),  woUte,  gewoUt,  express- 
ing choice,  willingness;  intention;  volition;  determination;  profes- 
sion; assertion;  requirement;  incipient  action — Ich  will,  I  am  will- 
ing, I  intend,  I  wish  to. 


96  IrregularVerbs. 


ZEIHEN  (/r.,  ace,  refl.,  gen.),  zieh,  geziehen,  to  charge  or  tax;  to 
accuse;  to  be  witness  of,  for,  or  against. 
Bezeihen  {tr.,  ace),  to  charge  with,  to  accuse  of  (see  bezeigen,  reg.  verb). 
Verzeihen  {tr.,  refl.,  dat.),  to  pardon,  excuse,  forgive. 

ZERFAHREN  {tr.,  intr.,  f  *),  zerfuhr,  zerfahren,  to  fly  asunder,  to 
be  scattered  or  dispersed;  to  be  unsettled;  to  crush,  break,  or 
smash  by  driving  over  something;  to  ruin  or  spoil  by  heavy  cart- 
ing; to  be  disconnected,  confused,  unsettled,  loose;  to  be  absent- 
minded,  thoughtless,  heedless  (see  fahren) . 

ZIEHEN  {tr.,  intr.,  imp.,  dat.,  refl.),  zog,  gezogen,  to  draw,  pull,  drag; 
extricate,  derive;  to  rifle,  warp;  haul,  tow;  to  suck,  imbibe,  drink; 
to  gain  (interests);  to  blister;  to  attract;  to  breed  (cattle);  to  rear, 
raise;  to  stretch;  to  draw  (tea);  to  pass  (through),  ramble;  to  go, 
return.     Es  zieht  mir  (mich),  I  feel  cold,  there  is  a  draught. 

Abziehen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  draw  or  pull  off  or  down;  to  remove, 
deduct;   to  undress;  take  impression. 

Anziehen  {tr.,  h.,  *  intr.,  refl.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put  on,  to  dress, 
to  draw  or  pull  on;  to  haul,  adduce;  to  tighten,  stretch;  to 
interest,  attract. 

Aufziehen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  draw,  pull  up,  hoist;  to  untie, 
loosen,  or  knot;  to  go,  march,  move  in  procession;  to  raise,  bring 
up;  to  appear. 

Ausziehen  {intr.,  refl.,  h.,  *  tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  take  ofiF,  to  draw 
out,  extract;  pull  or  pull  up;    to  undress;    strip  ofif;    to  stretch. 

Beiziehen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.)  (see  herbeiziehen),  to  lug  in,  to  arrive  in 
procession. 

Beziehen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  draw  over,  cover;  to  move  to,  take 
possession  of,  enter;  to  mark  out,  to  receive,  obtain;  to  refer,  re- 
late, allude;   to  make  reference;   to  subscribe. 

Durchziehen  {tr.,  refl.,  insep.,  sep.,  h.,  ace,  *  intr.),  to  inter- 
weave, intermix;  to  pull  through;  to  traverse,  march,  wander 
through. 

Einziehen  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  h.,  *),  to  draw  in,  pull  in,  run  in;  to 
diminish,  reduce;   suppress,  call  in;  to  enter. 

Entziehen  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  take  away,  to  withdraw  from;  to  de- 
prive, strip,  despoil;  to  shrink  from,  to  shift  off;  to  escape;  to 
evade. 

Erziehen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  draw  away,  move;  to  bring  up,  educate, 
breed,  train;    to  school,  to  rear. 

Fortziehen  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  sep.,  h.,  *),  to  drag  on,  pull  or  draw 
along;  to  move  onward,  to  march;   depart;    remove. 


IrregularVerbs.  97 

Herbeiziehen  (/r.,  ace,  sep.),  to  draw  near,  to  pull  toward,  to;  to 
drag  in;    invite;    attract,  march  near. 

Herunterziehen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  take  oflF,  to  slide  down,  to  descend; 
to  go  down  (to  live),  pull  down. 

Hervorziehen  {tr.,  h.,  *  ace,  sep.),  to  draw  forth  or  out;  to  pull 
out,  educe;  to  raise  from,  to  protract. 

Herziehen  {tr.,  intr.,  h.,  *  sep.),  to  draw  down;  to  reduce  to  one's 
own  level;  to  scold;  to  insult;   asperse. 

Hinziehen  {tr.,  intr.,  h.,  *  sep.),  to  draw  thither,  toward,  to; 
to  draw  out,  drag  along;  to  run,  stretch,  spread. 

Hinzuziehen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  consult,  to  take  part  or  share  in, 
to  add. 

Losziehen  {tr.,  intr.,  *  h.),  to  draw  oflF,  loose,  or  away;  to  de- 
claim against;  to  inveigh  against;  to  rail  at;  to  run  down;  to 
go  away,  to  march  off;    to  make  straight  for  (something). 

Mitziehen  {intr.,  tr.,  ace,  h.,  *  sep.),  to  draw  jointly  with;  to 
assist  in  drawing;  to  march  along  with;  to  remove  together  with 
stroll  along. 

Nachziehen  {intr.,  tr.,  ace,  h.,  *  sep.),  to  draw  after;  to  follow, 
go,  or  travel  after. 

Umziehen  {h.,  *  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  go,  move,  travel  round;  to 
surround  or  cover  with  something;  to  remove  to  other  quarters; 
to  change  clothes;    to  draw  or  pull  down  or  around. 

Unterziehen  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.,  insep.),  to  draw  or  lay  under;  to  supply, 
undertake,  to  undergo,  to  accept. 

Verziehen  {h.,  *  sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  draw  wTong  or  false;  to  mop; 
to  spoil,  miseducate;   to  get  out  of  shape. 

VoUziehen  {tr.,  refl.),  to  accomplish,  to  take  place;  to  execute  (an 
agreement);  to  sign  (a  deed);  to  consummate  (a  marriage);  to 
solemnize;    to  effect,  carry  out. 

Vorbeiziehen  (*  sep.),  to  pass  by,  to  blow  over,  to  pass  in  pro- 
cession. 

Voriiberziehen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  pass  by. 

Vorziehen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  precede,  advance;  to  draw  forth  or 
forward;  to  prefer,  give  preference. 

Wegziehen  {intr.,  tr.,  h.,  *  sep.),  to  draw  away,  pull  away;  to  de- 
part, march  away;    to  remove,  leave  one's  place. 

Weiterziehen  (*  sep.),  to  draw,  go,  or  pull  on;  to  move  on;  to  pro- 
ceed. 

Zuriickziehen  {tr.,  intr.,  h.,  *  refl.,  sep.),  to  draw  back,  to  with- 
draw; to  redeem,  recover;  return,  move,  march  back;  to  retire, 
to  go  into  private  life. 

Zusammenziehen  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  draw  tight,  to  pull,  to  draw 
together,  to  contract;    collect. 

7 


98  IrregularVerbs. 

Zuziehen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  pull  to,  shut,  close;  to  draw  to;  to 
admit  as  a  participant;  invite,  consult,  call  in;  seek  advice;  to 
draw  or  tighten,  to  tie;  to  contract  (a  disease). 
ZWINGEN  {tr.,  reft.),  zwang,  gezwungen,  to  constrain,  force,  com- 
pel, enforce,  to  subdue,  vanquish;  cope;  to  oblige;  to  necessitate; 
to  manage  (to  eat) . 

Abzwingen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  extort,  wring,  wrest,  to  force  something 
out  of  or  from;   to  make  a  fight  for. 

Aufzwingen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.),  to  obtrude,  press,  or  force  upon; 
to  enforce  something;    to  intrude  oneself  on. 

Auszwingen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  force  out,  to  get  out  by  force;    to 
extort, 

Bezwingen  {reft.,   tr.,   ace),   to  overcome,  to  subdue,  vanquish,  to 
conquer,  master. 

Durchzwingen  {reft.,  tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  force  oneself  through. 

Erzwingen  {tr.,  ace),  to  force,  enforce,  to  obtain  by  force;  to  extort, 
command. 

Zuzwingen  {tr.,  ace),  to  force  to,  to  close  with  an  effort. 


I 


PART  II. 

Alphatetical  List  of  the  Most  Important 
REGULAR  VERBS 

with  a  list  of  a  number  of  their 

"Compound   Verbs" 

Occurring  in  the  conversational  and  idiomatic  language,  with  their 
English  translations. 


Regular  Verbs 


REGULAR  VERBS  do  not  change  in  the  second  and  third  persons  indica- 
tive present  and  imperative ;  they  only  add  st  or  est  in  the  second  and  t  or  et  in 
the  third  persons  singular.    The  subjunctive,  too,  is  conjugated  regularly. 

All  the  transitive  (and  also  the  reflexive)  forms  of  the  regular  and  irregular 
verbs  take  haben  in  the  present  perfect  and  the  other  compound  tenses,  even 
though  the  intransitive  form  is  used  with  sein;  as,  untertauchen  (tr.,  intr.,  *sep.), 
ich  habe  den  Knaben  untergetaucht  (I  have  dipped  the  boy  under  the  water);  ich 
bin  untergetaucht  (I  have  plunged,  dipped  under). 


ACHTEN  {ir.,  gen.,  ace,  intr.,  reft.),  achtete,  geachtet,  to  esteem,  to 

respect,  value;    heed,  beware,  to  pay  attention;    to  consider;    to 

mind,  to  regard,  to  be  guided  by;  to  make  known  to. 
Beachten  {tr.,  ace),  to  take  notice,  attend,  mind,  observe,  to  keep 

or  bear  in  mind. 
Beobachten  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  observe,  study,  examine;   to  control, 

watch;  to  pay  attention;   to  fulfil,  to  perform,  to  execute;   to  keep, 

decorum ;  to  act  up  to,  to  adhere. 
Erachten  {tr.),  to  think  a  thing  proper,  fit,  good;  to  judge,  consider. 
Verachten  {tr.,  ace),  to  despise,  to  disdain,  to  look  down  upon,  to 

scorn,  to  keep  unworthy  of. 
ACKERN  {tr.,  intr.),  ackerte,  geackert,  to  plow,  to  till,  to  cultivate;  to 

work  painfully,  laboriously. 
Abackem  {refl.,  tr.,  sep.),  to  plow  away;   to  separate,  to  take  off  by 

plowing;  to  tire  oneself  out  by  plowing. 
Aufackem  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  till  or  plow  up  or  again;  to  break  ground, 

to  dig  up. 
Ausackem  {sep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  finish,  to  leave  off  plowing;    to  plow 

up  and  down;  to  plow  through  and  through. 
Beackem  {tr.,  ace),  to  fallow,  to  till,  plow;  to  cultivate. 
Durchackem  {sep.,  insep.,  tr.),  to  root  up;   to  plow  thoroughly  up; 

to  till  all  over. 
Einackem  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  turn  in;  to  practise,    to  get  used  to 

plowing. 
Uberackem  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  plow  over  again;   not  to  plow  deep; 

to  overwork  oneself  (at  field  labor). 

lOI 


I02     "  ''  '  ''  '    'Regular    Verbs. 

Umackem  {tr.,  sep.,  insep.),  to  plow  round  (something);  to  root  up; 

to  turn  up  the  soil;  to  turn  over;  to  ransack. 
Unterackem  (/r.,  sep.),  to  plow  in;   to  plow  down  or  turn  down;  to 

underplow. 
ADELN  {tr.,  ace),  adelte,  geadelt,  to  ennoble,  to  j-aise  one  to  nobility, 

to  knight,  to  create  a  nobleman. 
Entadeln  {tr.,  ace),  to  deprive  of  nobility,  to  disennoble;  to  degrade. 

ADRESSIREN  {tr.,  reft.),  adressirte,  adressirt,  to  address,  forward, 
consign;  to  address  oneself  to;  to  apply  to. 

AHMEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  ahmte,  geahmt,  to  imitate,  to  gauge. 
Nachahmen  {o.,  tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  feign,  to  simulate,  to  act,  to  par- 
rot, imitate. 

AHNDEN  {tr.),  ahndete,  geahndet,  to  avenge,  to  take  revenge;  to 
blame;  to  chasten,  to  correct,  to  chastise,  to  punish;  visit  with 
punishment;    to  resent. 

AHNELN  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  dat.),  ahnelte,  geahnelt,  to  bear  a  likeness  to; 
to  have  a  certain  resemblance  to;   to  be  like,  to  take  after;   to  re- 
semble one  another. 
Anahneln  {tr.,  sep.),  to  assimilate  (anahnlichen) . 

AHNEN  {tr.,  intr.,  imp.,  dat.),  ahnte,  geahnt,  to  anticipate;  conceive 
darkly;  to  divine,  to  forebode,  foreknow,  foresee;  to  know  by 
second  sight;  to  guess,  conjecture,  surmise.  Es  ahnt  mir,  I  have 
(strange)   forebodings;  I  anticipate,  I  have  presentiments. 

ANDERN  {tr.,  intr.,  ace,  refl.),  anderte,  geandert,  to  change,  to  alter; 

to  vary;  to  shift,  remove,  to  set  right;  to  turn,  reverse;  to  remedy. 

Abandem  {tr.,  sep.),  to  modify,  qualify,  change;  to  diversify,  to  alter; 

to  rectify,  to  reform,  to  correct;  to  derogate,  to  reverse. 
Umandem  {tr.,  sep.),  to  change,  alter,  rectify. 

Verandem  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  transform,  modify,  vary;    to  turn,  to 
change;  to  marry;  to  improve;  to  find  another  place. 
ANGELN  {tr.,  intr.),  angelte,  geangelt,  to  angle,  to  fish  with  a  line; 

to  catch,  to  ensnare;  to  nick;  to  pilfer. 
ANGSTIGEN  {tr.,  refl.),  angstigte,  geangstigt,  to  intimidate,  to  distress, 
to  trouble;  to  vex,  to  torment;  to  be  worried  about,  to  be  uneasy. 
Angst  sein,  to  be  anxious,  afraid,  uneasy,  discouraged  (used  as 
infinitive  only).  Mir  wird  angst  um,  I  begin  to  tremble  for.  Haben 
Sie  keine  Angst,  fear  not. 

ANMASSEN  {gen.,  dat.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  masste  an,  angemasst,  to 
claim,  to  consider  as  one's  own,  to  usurp,  to  attribute  to;  to  arrogate; 
to  impute;  to  venture,  dare,  presume;  to  take  upon  oneself;  to 
assume. 

ANTWORTEN  {dat.,  tr.,  intr.),  antwortete,  geantwortet,  to  answer, 
reply,  respond;    to  write,  to  say. 


Regular    Verbs.  103 

Beantworten  (/;•.,  ace,  0.),  to  answer,  reply,  to  respond  to. 
tiberantworten  (/r.,  ace,  0.),  to  consign,  to  give  in  charge  of,  to  hand 

over,  to  ship  or  send. 
Verantworten  (tr.,  ace,  reft.),  to  answer   for,   to  be   responsible,   to 

account  for,  to  stand  or  be  good  for,  to  vouch  for. 

ARBEITEN  (/r.,  ace,  intr.,  refl.),  arbeitete,  gearbeitet,  to  work,  to 
manufacture;  to  do;  to  make;  to  labor;  to  fashion,  form,  shape, 
to  figure,  to  mould;    to  open;    to  extricate  oneself  from. 

Abarbeiten  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  work  off;  to  finish  off;  to  wear 
out;    to  fatigue. 

Ausarbeiten  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  cease  working;  to  complete; 
to  compose. 

Bearbeiten  {tr.,  ace),  to  make;    to  manipulate;    to  train. 

Hinarbeiten  {intr.,  sep.),  to  direct  one's  efforts  or  to  aim  at  some- 
thing. 

Mitarbeiten  {intr.,  sep.),  to  co-operate;  to  collaborate;  to  take  part 
in  a  work. 

Nacharbeiten  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  copy,  to  work  after  a  pattern  or 
model. 

Uberarbeiten  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  do  over  again,  to  work  over;  to 
revise;  to  overwork  oneself. 

Verarbeiten  {tr.,  ace),  to  mould;  to  manufacture;  to  consume; 
to  elaborate. 

ARGERN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  argerte,  geargert,  to  annoy,  to  aggravate, 
to  irritate,  to  mortify,  to  make  one  angry;  to  be  or  become  vexed; 
to  vex  some  one;  to  offend.  Abargern,  sich,  to  be  vexed,  to  be 
mortified.     Zu  Tode  argern,  to  worry  or  vex  to  death. 

ARGWOHNEN    (also   argwohnen)    {intr.,    tr.),   argwohnte,    gearg- 
wohnt,  to  suspect,  to  have  a  suspicion  of;   to  be  apprehensive, 
to  distrust;  to  doubt,  to  surmise  (verargen). 
Beargwohnen  {tr.,  ace),  to  suspect  a  person  of  a  thing. 

ARTEN  {intr.,  tr.,  refl.),  artete,  geartet,  to  acquire  a  certain  quality; 

to  be  of  a  certain  quality;  to  be  changed  to;  to  resemble;  to  become 

qualified  or  fit  for;    to  take  well;   to  thrive;    to  form;    to  be  of  or 

have  a  certain  temper. 
Ausarten  {intr.,  *  sep.,  refl.),  to  degenerate,  to  deteriorate;  to  fall  off 

(in  quality). 
Entarten  (*  refl.,  intr.),  to  pervert,  to   corrupt;    to  unnaturalize;  to 

deteriorate;  to  become  corrupted,  debased. 
Verarten  {intr.,  *),  to  degenerate,  to  cause  to  degenerate. 

ATMEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  refl.),  atmete,  geatmet,  to  breathe,  to  inhale; 
to  gasp;  to  aerate;  to  manifest,  display,  show;  to  breathe  one's 
fill  (with  great  force). 


I04  RegularVerbs. 

Ausatmen  (jr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  exhale;    to  expire;    to  rest;    to    die. 
Einatmen  (/r.,  ace,  sep.),  to  inhale,  to  breathe  in;  to  inspire. 
AUGELN  (intr.),  augelte,  geaugelt,  to  ogle;  to  gleam,  to  glance. 

Liebaugeln  (intr.,  dat.),  to  cast  amorous  glances  at  a  person;  to  ogle 
a  person. 

AUSSERN  {tr.,  refl.,  gen.),  ausserte,  geaussert,  to  manifest,  show, 
express;  to  prove,  exert;  to  break  out;  pronounce;  to  utter;  to 
display;   to  advance,  deliver;  to  pass;   to  speak,  say,  remark. 

Entaussem  {tr.,  reft.,  gen.,  insep.),  to  rid  oneself  of,  to  get  rid  of; 
to  sell;    to  part  with;   to  divest. 

Veraussem  {tr.,  insep.),  to  dispose  of;  to  alienate;  to  sell;  to  sell 
at  auction. 


B. 

BACKEN  {reg.  and  irreg.),  backte,  gebacken  (see  hacken,  list  of  ir- 
regular verbs). 

BADEN  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.),  badete,  gebadet,  to  bathe,  to  give  a  bath;  to 
water,  to  take  into  the  water;  to  swim;  to  bathe  oneself  in;  to 
clean  oneself. 

Abbaden  {tr.,  refl.),  to  give  oneself  a  good  washing;   to  have  a  jolly 
bath;  to  cleanse  by  bathing;  to  wash  off . 
BALGEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  balgte,  gebalgt,  to  romp;  to  scuffle,  to  quar- 
rel, to  scramble,  to  fight  with;  to  tussle.     Sich  balgen  (urn),  to  romp, 
to  scramble;    to  quarrel. 

Abbalgen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  skin,  to  flay,  to  shell. 

Ausbalgen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  stuff  (animals). 
BAUEN  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.),  baute,  gebaut,  to  build,  construct,  to  raise, 
set  up,  form;  to  base,  found,  ground;  to  cultivate,  to  till;  to  grow, 
to  produce;  to  be  busy  building;   to  rely;  count,  reckon,  to  depend 
upon. 

Anbauen  {sep.,  tr.,  refl.),  to  improve;  to  annex;  to  establish;  to 
settle  down;  to  reconstruct;  to  rebuild. 

Aufbauen  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  erect,  raise,  to  construct. 

Bebauen  {tr.),  to  cultivate,  to  till;  to  overbuild;  to  cover  with;  to 
build  on. 

Uberbauen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  insep.,  refl.),  to  raise  a  building  on  a  foun- 
dation; to  build  something  over;  to  exceed  one's  means  in  building; 
to  ruin  oneself  (by  building  or  building  too  much) ;  to  build  (a  story) 
over;  to  build  something  projecting;  to  add  another  story;  to  build 
on  higher  ground. 

Umbauen  {tr.,  sep.,  insep.),  to  surround  with  (buildings);  to  wall  in 
a  house;  to  rebuild,  to  renew;  to  make  alterations. 


Regular    Verbs.  105 

Verbauen  (/r.,  refl.),  to  wall  in,  to  block  up;   to  commit  blunders  in 

building. 
Zubauen  {sep.,  tr.),  to  add  an  annex  or  a  wing  to;   to  erect  auxiliary 

works;  to  block  up  with  buildings. 

BEBEN  {infr.,  hob.),  bebte,  gebebt,  to  tremble,  to  quake,  to  shiver,  to 
shake;  to  vibrate;    to  oscillate;    to  fear;    to  quail. 
Aufbeben  {intr.,  *  sep.)^  to  start  up,  to  tremble,  to  shake. 
Erbeben  (intr.,  h.,  *),  to  tremble,  to  vibrate;  to  warble. 
BEEIDIGEN  {tr.,  ace),  beeidigte,  beeidigt,  to  confirm,  to  take  an 
oath,  to  make  an  afl&davit;  to  administer  an  oath;  to  bind  one   by 
oath. 

BEFAHIGEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  befahigte,  befahigt,  to  fit,  enable,  to 
quaUfy,  to  capacitate;  to  render  competent;  to  make  one  apt  for. 
Jemand  fiir  etwas  befahigen,  to  capacitate  some  one  for  any- 
thing, to  render  competent,  to  enable  one. 

BEFESTIGEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  refl.),  befestigte,  befestigt,  to  fasten, 
to  fix,  to  attach,  to  Unk;  to  fortify;  to  surround;  to  inclose  with; 
to  hedge;  to  in  wall;  to  secure,  settle,  confirm;  to  consolidate;  to 
strengthen. 

BEFLEISSIGEN  {refl.,  gen.,  ace),  befleissigte,  befleissigt  (also  be- 
fleissen),  to  apply  oneself,  to  be  attentive,  to  devote  oneself,  to 
endeavor,  to  take  pains,  to  be  studious,  to  please  (befleissigen) . 

BEFREMDEN  {tr.,  insep.,  dat.,  refl.),  befremdete,  befremdet,  to 
surprise,  astonish,  amaze;  to  wonder  at,  to  be  struck  at.  Es  be- 
fremdet mich,  I  am  surprised  at  it.  Fremd  sein,  to  be  foreign, 
strange,  unknown,  remote. 
Entfremden  {tr.,  refl.,  dat.),  to  alienate  or  estrange  from;  to  sepa- 
rate, disunite;  to  estrange  oneself  from. 
Verfremden  {insep.,  tr.,  intr.,  *),  to  become  a  stranger  or  an  alien. 

BEFREUNDEN  {tr.,  refl.),  befreundete,  befreundet,  to  make  one 
acquainted  with  another;  to  bring  people  together,  to  bring  about 
a  reconciliation;  to  ally  oneself  to;  to  enter  into  affinity,  to  marry 
into  (a  family) ;  to  become  related,  connected. 

BEFRIEDIGEN  {tr.,  refl.),  befriedigte,  befriedigt,  to  content,  to 
satisfy  (oneself);  to  satiate;  to  please;  to  indulge  in;  to  meet;  to 
answer;  to  pay  (a  debt);  to  furnish;  to  suffice;  to  get  satisfied  (in). 

BEGEGNEN  {tr.,  intr.,  *  dat.,  ace),  begegnete,  begegnet,  to  meet,  to 
encounter  with;    to  catch  one's  eyes;    to  meet  one's  wishes;     to 
happen,  to  come  to  pass,  to  occur,  to  take  place. 
Entgegnen  {intr.,  dat.),  to  answer,  to   reply,    rejoin;    to   respond, 
retort,  return. 

BEGEHREN  {gen.,  ace,  tr.,  intr.),  begehrte,  begehrt,  to  ask,  de- 
sire; to  require,  request;  to  long  for,  hanker  after;  to  clamor;  to 
ask  in  marriage. 


io6  Regular    Verbs. 

BEGLAUBIGEN  (/r.,  ace),  beglaubigte,  beglaubigt,  to  testify,  to 
prove,  to  substantiate,  to  certify,  to  attest. 

BEGLEITEN  (/r.,  ace),  begleitete,  begleitet,  to  accompany,  to  escort, 
to  attend  a  person ;  to  wait  on;  to  conduct;  to  convey;  to  go  along 
with;  to  follow  a  person;  to  see  one  home  (see  leiten). 

BEHAUPTEN  (/r.),  behauptete,  behauptet,  to  maintain,  to  sustain, 
to  keep  the  field,  to  remain  master  of;   to  uphold,  to  support;   to 
pretend,  to  assert. 
Enthaupten  (see  primitive  verb). 

BEICHTEN  (/r.,  intr.),  beichtete,  gebeichtet,  to  avow,  to  acknowledge, 
to  confess  one's  sins;  to  return  to  confession  (previous  to  com- 
munion). 
Ausbeichten  {sep.,  tr.,  insep.),  to  make  a  full  confession;  to  examine 
a  person  minutely;  to  finish  confession. 

BELASTIGEN  {tr.,  ace),  belastigte,  belastigt,  to  importune,  to  molest, 
to  trouble,  to  incommode;  to  annoy;  to  bore;  to  worry;  to  weary; 
to  bother;   to  harass. 

BELIEBEN  {tr.,  intr.,  dat.,  imp.),  beliebte,  beliebt,  to  deign,  con- 
descend; to  desire;  to  agree;  to  find  proper,  good,  or  right;  to 
please;  to  be  pleased  with;  to  be  inclined;  to  be  willing;  to  have 
the  kindness  to.  Wie  beliebt  es  Ihnen  ?  how  do  you  like  it  ?  Er 
ist  beliebt,  he  is  popular,  beloved,  in  favor.  Nach  Ihiem  Belieben, 
at  your  option,  at  your  discretion. 

BELLEN  {intr.,  hah.),  bellte,  gebellt,   to  bark,   to  cry,   to  yelp;    to 

bow-wow;  to  babble;  to  cough  (of  a  dog). 
Anbellen  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  sep.),  to  bark  at,  to  snarl,  gnarl. 
Aufbellen  {intr.,  tr.,  hah.,  sep.),    to   begin   to   bark,   to   awaken   by 

barking,  to  bay. 
Nachbellen  {tr.,  inir.y  dot.,  hah.,  sep.),  to  bark    after   some   one;   to 

repeat  in  a  howling  voice. 
Zubellen  {sep.),  to  bark  more. 

BELUSTIGEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  belustigte,  belustigt,  to  amuse,  to 
entertain,  to  recreate;  divert;  to  enjoy  oneself  over;  to  be  merry, 
to  pass  away  the  time. 

BEMACHTIGEN  {refl.,  insep.,  gen.),  bemachtigte,  bemachtigt,  to 

take  possession  of;    to  arrest;    to  usurp;    to  encroach;    to  seize; 

to  overpower. 
Erm^chtigen  {tr.,  refl.,  insep.),  to  appoint,  authorize;    to  warrant; 

to  empower. 
BEMANTELN  {tr.),  bemantelte,  bemantelt,  to  legitimate;   to  cover 

(with  a  cloak);  to  hide,  conceal;  to  patch  up;  to  mitigate,  to  soften; 

to  varnish,  to  gloss  over. 


Regular    Verbs.  107 

BEMITLEIDEN  {tr.,  ace),  bemitleidete,bemitleidet,  to  pity,  to  take 
pity  on  a   person;  to   commiserate,  to  con^assionate;  to   sympa- 
thize with. 
Verleiden  (see  primitive  verb;  for  leiden,  etc.,   see  list  of  irregular 
verbs,  page  47). 

BENACHRICHTIGEN  {tr.,  ace.),  benachrichtigte,  benachrichtigt,  to 
inform  a  person  of;  to  give  notice,  account,  or  intelligence  of;  to 
acquaint  with;  to  advise  of;  to  appraise,  notify  of;  to  advertise, 
warn,  to  certify;  to  let  know,  tell,  bring  word;  to  send  a  message;  to 
impart  particulars. 

BENUTZEN  {tr.,  ace.),  benutzte,  benutzt,  to  use,  to  turn  to  account, 
to  profit;  to  take  advantage,  to  avail  oneself  of;  to  seize  (time); 
to  utilize,  to  turn  to  account;  to  draw  profit  from;  to  employ  a 
thing  (also  beniitzen,  benutzte,  benutzt). 

BERECHTIGEN  {tr.,  ace),  berechtigte,  berechtigt,  to  entitle,  to 
qualify,  to  authorize,  to  empower,  to  warrant. 

BEllEICHERN  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  bereicherte,  bereichert,  to  enrich;  to 
feather  one's  nest;  to  enrich  oneself;   to  grow  prosperous. 

BEREITEN  {tr.,  reft.,  dat.),  bereitete,  bereitet,  to  prepare,  get  ready, 
to  make;  brew;  to  curr\',  to  taw;  to  finish,  to  honor.  ¥ox  bereiten, 
see  reiten,  list  of  irregular  verbs,  page  55. 

Vorbereiten  {tr.,  reft.,  sep.,  imp.),  to  get,  to  make  ready;  to  train;  to 
prepare;  there  is  something  in  the  wind  (something  is  going  to  hap- 
pen) ;  to  arrange. 

Zubereiten  {tr.,  sep.),  to  prepare,  to  make  ready;  to  make  up;  to 
dress  (meat);  to  cook;  to  do. 

BESANFTIGEN  {tr.,  reft.),  besanftigte,  besanftigt,  to  soften,  to  ease; 
to  pacify;  to  soothe;  to  calm;  to  coax;  to  cajole;  to  mitigate;  to 
assuage;  disarm;  to  quiet,  tranquilize;  to  temper. 

BESCHEINIGEN  {tr.,  dat.,  ace),  bescheinigte,  bescheinigt,  to  attest, 
to  certify,  to  acknowledge;  to  receipt;  to  vouch  for;  to  warrant. 

BESCHEREN  {tr.,  dat.,  ace),  bescherte,  beschert,  to  give,  to  bestow 
upon,  to  make  a  present;    to  prepare  something  for. 

BESCHRANKEN  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  beschrankte,  beschrankt,  to  re- 
strain, to  limit,  to  confine,  to  set;  to  shorten,  to  curtail,  to  abridge; 
to  modify;  to  qualify;  to  restrict;  to  remove.  Auf  Etwas  beschran- 
ken,  to  confine,  to  restrict  to  something,  limit  to. 

BESCHULDIGEN  {tr.,  ace),  beschuldigte,  beschuldigt,  to  charge; 
to  accuse;  to  attribute  or  ascribe  a  thing  to  a  person;  to  inculpate; 
to  reproach;  to  incriminate;  to  arraign. 
Entschuldigen  {tr.,  reft.,  ace),  to  excuse;  to  apologize;  to  evade, 
shift,  plead,  pretend;  to  allege.  Ich  bitte  um  Entschuldigung,  I 
beg  your  pardon. 


io8  Regular   Verbs. 

BESEITIGEN  (/r.),  beseitigte,  beseitigt,  to  make  away  with;  to  kill, 
to  put,  lay,  or  set^side;  to  lay  on  the  shelf;  to  dismiss,  to  remove; 
to  redress;  to  clear  off  an  affair;  to  arrange,  settle,  wind  up. 

BESICHTIGEN  (/r.,  acc.)y  besichtigte,  besichtigt,  to  survey;   to  in- 
spect, to  view,  to  regard;  to  search  for. 
BETEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  betete,  gebetet,  to  ask,  to  pray,  to  beg  (zu 
Tisch  beten,  to  say  grace  at  meal);   to  offer  prayer;   to  say  litany; 
to  linger  in   devotion. 
Anbeten  (/r.,  dec,  sep.),  to  adore,  to  admire,  to  idolize. 
Ausbeten  (/r.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  finish  praying,  to  pray  to  the  end. 
Erbeten  (/r.,  ace),  to  obtain  by  prayer  or  petition. 
BETHOREN  (tr.,  ace),  bethorte,  bethort,  to   delude,  to   fool,  to 

dupe,  to  cheat,  to  deceive. 
BETTEN  {tr.,  intr.,  o.,  refl.),  bettete,  gebettet,  to  make  a  bed,  to 
make  one's  bed;   to  place  one  in  bed. 
Umbetten  (sep.,  tr.),  to  put  (a  patient)  into  another  bed. 
BETTELN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  bettelte,  gebettelt,  to  beg,  to  pray,  to  ask 
alms. 
Abbetteln  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  beg,  to  get  something  by  begging. 
Anbetteln  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  ask  or  beg  alms  or  something  else. 
Ausbetteln  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  drain  a  person  of  all  his  money. 
Fortb^tteln  {intr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  continue  begging. 
BEUGEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  beugte,  gebeugt,  to  stoop,  to  bend;  to  sub- 
mit;  to  subdue;  to  bow;  to  humble  oneself;   to  reduce,  to  subdue 
to;   to  yield,  stoop,  or  submit  to. 
Ausbeugen  {sep.,  intr.,  *),  to  give  way  or  room,  to  elude,  to  avoid. 
Uberbeugen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  bend  down  or  over  something, 

to  incline. 
Umbeugen  {tr.,  ace),  to  bend  or  turn  down,  up  or  in. 
Verbeugen  {refl.),  to  bow,  to  make  a  bow,  to  curtsy. 
Vorbeugen  {tr.,  intr.,  dat.,  refl.),  to  bend  forward;    prevent;    to  use 
precautionary  measures;  to  avoid. 
BEVORMUNDEN  {tr.,  ace),  bevormundete,  bevormundet,  to  be  a 
person's  guardian;  to  tutor;  to  place  a  person  under  a  guardian. 
BEWEGEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.;  reg.  and  irreg.),  bewegte,  bewegt,  to  pity, 
affect,  touch;  to  trouble,  disturb,  to  feel  inclined  to  do;  to  agitate; 
to  shake;  to  move.     For  bewegen,  to  induce,  etc.,  see  list  of  irregular 
verbs,  page  19. 
BEWIRTEN  {tr.,  ace),  bewirtete,  bewirtet,  to  keep,  board,  accommo- 
date, lodge,  harbor;  to  entertain;  to  receive  at  one's  table;  to  ban- 
quet, to  feast,  to  regale,  to  treat. 

BILDEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  bildete,  gebildet,  to  form;  to  build;  to  shape; 


Regular    Verbs.  109 

to  organize;  create;  to  improve  by;  to  pattern,  to  model;  to  polish, 

refine;    to  constitute;    to  instruct. 
Abbilden  -{tr.,  ace,    refl.,    sep.),    to   portray,   to   paint;    to   copy; 

to  draw. 
y-Ausbilden  (/r.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.),  to  develop;    to  instruct;    to  perfect; 

to  improve. 
Einbilden  {tr.,  dat.,  rejl.,  sep.),  to  imagine,  to  fancy,  to  believe. 
Nachbilden  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  copy,  to  imitate;    to  reproduce;    to 

counterfeit. 
Umbilden  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  remodel;    to  transform;    to  reform. 
BLEICHKN   {fr.,  ace,  refl.;  used  reg.  and  irreg.),  to  bleach,  to  whiten. 

Auf  dem  Grase  bleichen,  to  bleach  in  the  sun.     For  hleichen,  to  turn 

pale,  white,  etc.,  see  list  of  irregular  verbs. 
Abbleichen  {tr.,  ace),  to  bleach  thoroughly.    Die  Bleiche  beenden,  to 

finish  bleaching. 
Ausbleichen   {tr.,  ace),  to  finish  bleaching.     Das  ist  schon  ausge- 

bleicht,  it  is  now  bleached. 
BLICKEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  blickte,  geblickt,  to  look,  to  perceive,  to 

see;  to  show,  to  manifest,  to  behold.     Blicke  werfen  oder  zuwerfen, 

to  cast  (sly,  furtive)  glances  at  a  person. 
Anblicken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  look  or  glance  at;  to  regard. 
Aufblicken  {intr.,  sep.),  to  look  up  to,  to  raise  one's  eyes  to. 
Erblicken  {tr.,  ace),  to  see,  to  behold,  to  perceive,  to  discover. 
Fortblicken  {intr.,  sep.),  to  look  another  way,  to  glance  aside. 
Heraufblicken  {intr.,  sep.),  to  look  up. 
Hiniiberblicken  {intr.,  sep.),  to  look  across. 
Nachblicken  {intr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  look  after  a  person. 
Uberblicken  {tr.,  ace),  to  survey,  to  overlook,  to  glance  over. 
Umblicken  {refl.,  sep.),  to  look  around  or  back. 
BLINZELN  {intr.),  blinzelte,  geblinzelt,  to  twinkle;  to  wink;  to  send 

looks;  to  blink  at  a  person. 
BLITZEN  {imp.,  ace),  blitzte,  geblitzt,  it  lightens  (blinds,   fumes). 
Abblitzen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  flash  off;   to  come  to  nothing,    to  give 

up  or  give  a  mitten;    the  lightning  is  over. 
Aufblitzen  {intr.,  *  hah.),  flash  or  sudden  burst  of  light  (see  hlitzen). 

BLUHEN  {hah.,  intr.),  bliihte,  gebliiht,  to  bloom,  to  flower,  to  blos- 
som; to  reflourish;  to  prosper;  to  be  healthy. 
Erbliihen  {intr.,  *),  to  floresce;  to  rejuvenate. 

Verbliihen  {intr.,  *  hah.),  to  cease  blossoming  or  blooming;   to  fade, 
to  wither. 
BLUTEN  {intr.,  tr.,  refl.),  blutete,  geblutet,     to  bleed;    to  die  for 
(some  one);  to  stain;  to  shed  (one's  blood);  to  sacrifice  (one's  life). 


no  Regular    Verbs. 

Verbluten  (/r.,  intr.,  *  reft.),  to  shed  one's  blood  for;  to  bleed  pro- 
fusely; to  bleed  to  death;  to  lose  a  great  deal  of  blood. 

BORGEN  {tr.,  refl.,  dai.,  ace),  borgte,geborgt,  to  borrow,  take  from; 

to  lend,  give  credit,  to  trust,  to  obtain;   to  submit  to. 
Anborgen  (/r.,  sep.,  ace),  to  borrow  of  or  from. 
Aufborgen  (tr.,  sep.),  to  take  up  money;   to  collect  by  borrowing. 
Ausborgen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  lend  out  (verborgen). 
Erborgen  (tr.),  to  obtain  by  borrowing;  to  get  on  trust  or  credit. 
Verborgen  (/r.),  to  advance,  to  lend  out;  to  sell  on  credit.     Verborgen, 

to  be  hidden,  see  verbergen,  list  of  irregular  verbs. 

BRAUCHEN  (/r.,  ace,  *'w/).),  brauchte,  gebraucht,  to  be  in  need; 
to  make  use  of,  to  use,  to  want;  to  employ;  to  require;  to  con- 
sume (it  is  necessary). 

Gebrauchen  {tr.,  ace),  to  use,  to  make  use,  to  employ. 

Verbrauchen  {tr.,  ace),  to  use  up,  to  consume,  to  spend,  to  expend. 

BREITEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  breitete,  gebreitet,  to  spread,  to  extend, 
to  hold  out,  to  open;    to  stretch;    to  flatten;   to  beat  out. 

Ausbreiten  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  spread,  to  extend,  to  expand,  to  unfold. 

TJberbreiten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  spread,  to  cover  over. 

Unterbreiten  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  lay  before,  to  submit,  to  present.., 

Verbreiten  {refl.,  tr.,  ace),  to  spread,  to  diffuse,  to  propagate,  to 
scatter. 

BRULLEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  briillte,  gebriillt,  to  roar,  to  bellow,  to 
low,  to  howl,  to  shout,  to  yell;  to  rage,  to  be  in  fury;  to  vociferate; 
to  clamor. 

Anbriillen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  bellow,  to  roar,  to  bawl  at. 

Aufbriillen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  low,  to  roar,  to  awaken  by  roaring. 

ZubruUen  {dat.,  tr.,  sep.),  to  roar  or  shout  out  (to  a  thing  or  person). 

BRUSTEN  {refl.),  briistete,  gebriistet,  to  brag,  to  boast,  to  glory 
oneself,  to  pride  oneself. 
Umbriisten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  change,  to  bend  over,  to  turn  over. 
Zubriisten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  level,  to  close. 

BUCHSTABIREN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  buchstabirte,  buchstabirt,  to  spell; 
to  take  things  literal,  letter  by  letter. 
Ausbuchstabiren  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  spell  out,  to  spell  each  word  singly. 
Nachbuchstabiren  {tr.,  sep.),  to  spell  again,  or  after  some  one. 

BUCKEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  biickte,  gebiickt,  to  bend,  to  stoop,  to  bow, 
to  incUne,  to  duck;  to  bend  low;  to  fawn;  to  yield;  to  submit  to. 

Uberbiicken  {intr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  bend  over,  to  stoop  forward,  to 
incline. 


Regular    Verbs.  iii 

Umbiicken  {reft.,  sep.),  to  bend  around,  to  turn  around,  to  stoop 
around. 
BtiNDEN  (tr.,  ace),  biindete,  gebiindet,  to  oblige,  to  bind;   to  make 
valid;    to  conclude  (mostly  used  in  verhunden). 
Verbiinden  {reft.),  to  ally,  to  unite;  to  conspire. 
BURSTEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  biirstete,  gebiirstet,  to  brush,  to  clean;  to 
take  long  strides;   to  move  quickly;   to  brush  away  (like  the  wind). 
Abbiirsten  {reft.,  tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  brush  off  or  away. 
Ausbiirsten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  brush  the  dust  away  or  out. 
Fortbiirsten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  brush  off,  to  dust  away  something. 


DAMMERN  {imp.,  intr.),  dammerte,  gedammert,  to  dawn,  to  break; 
to  spread  a  weak,  faint  light.  Es  dammert  mir  in  der  Seele,  a  pre- 
sentiment begins  to  dawn  upon  me. 

Andammem  {sep.,  imp.,  *),  to  begin  to  dawn;  to  shine  upon;  to 
approach  with  a  faint  light. 

Aufdammem  {intr.,  *  hah.,  sep.),  to  begin  to  appear;  to  dawn,  to 
break.  Es  dammert  einige  Hoffnung  in  mir  auf,  some  hope  dawns 
upon  me. 

Ausdammem  {sep.,  tr.,  intr.,  imp.),  einen  Rausch  ausdammern, 
to  sleep  out  an  intoxication    (see  ausschlummern). 

Verdammem  {hab.,  *  tr.,  intr.),  to  dream  away;    to  grow  dark. 
DANKEN  {dat.,  tr.,  intr.),  dankte,   gedankt,   to   thank,   give   or   re- 
turn thanks;    to  be  obliged;    to  reward,    repay,    recompense;    to 
praise;    to  celebrate. 

Abdanken  {sep.,  tr.),  to  dismiss,  discharge;  to  disband,  to  put  on 
half  pay;   to  leave  off,  discard,  reject;    to  quit,  lay  aside. 

Bedanken  {reft.,  tr.,  ace),  to  return  thanks;  to  be  grateful;  to 
appreciate. 

Verdanken  {dat.,  tr.),  to  owe,  to  be  thankful  for;   to  be  indebted  to. 
DARBEN  {reft.,  intr.),  darbte,  gedarbt,  to  be  in  want,  to  suffer  hun- 
ger, to  starve,  to  be  needy,  to  be  poor;    to  grow  rich  by  privation. 

Abdarben  {reft.,  sep.,  intr.),  to  stint  oneself;  to  starve. 

Ausdarben  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  let  one  starve,  to  let  one  die  of  hunger. 

Verdarben  {intr.,  tr.),  to  be  destitute,  to  be  starving,  dying,  or  want- 
ing, to  be  hungry. 
DAUERN  {tr.,  intr.,  imp.,  o.),  dauerte,    gedauert,  to  last,  continue; 
hold  out,  endure,  stand;    to  keep;    to  take  pity  on;    to  regret;    to 
grieve;    to  be  sorry  for;    to  repent. 

Andauem  {imp.,  sep.),  to  last  for  a  time  without  intermission,  to  con- 
tinue; to  hold  on. 


112  Regular    Verbs. 

Ausdauem  (tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  last,  to  hold  out,  to  persevere;  to  be 

steadfast;   to  endure. 
Bedauem  (tr.,  reft.,  ace),  to  take  pity  on;  to  deplore,  bewail,  mourn, 

to  be  sorry  for,  to  have  compassion,  regret. 
Durchdauem  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  insep.),  to  last  through;  to  outlast,  to 

outlive;  to  winter,  to  hibernate.     Es  dauert  mich,  I  am  sorry  for  it; 

it  gives  me  pity.     Es  dauert  noch  lange,   it  still  takes  a  long  time. 
Uberdaijem  {tr.,  ace),  to  outlast,  to  outlive. 
DECKEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  deckte,  gedeckt,  to  cover;    to  lay  out,  to 

spread  out;   to  hide,  to  conceal;   to  make  good;   to  supply;   to  re- 
fund;  to  protect,  secure;   to  shelter,  shield,  screen. 
Abdecken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  uncover,  to  untile;    to  flag;    to  clear 

(the  table). 
Aufdecken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  "cover  or  spread  over,  to  set  (table); 

to  reveal;   to  disclose,  to  expose. 
Bedecken  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  cover,  to  hide,  to  deck. 
Entdecken  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  discover;    to  discern;    to  reveal,  to 

disclose. 
tjberdecken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  lay  over,  to  cover  or  to  spread  over, 

to  veil. 
Verdecken  {tr.,  ace),  to  cover  up,  to  conceal,  to  hide,  to  mask. 
Zudecken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  cover  (up),  to  tuck  up  or  in. 
DEHNEN  {tr.,  ace,  o.,  refl.),  dehnte,  gedehnt,  to  stretch;  to  prolong; 

to  delay,  to  put  off;   to  lengthen;   to  drawl  out. 
Ausdehnen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  spread,  to  stretch;   to  extend. 
DEKLAMIREN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  deklamirte,  deklamirt,  to  recite, 

to  declaim;  to  specify. 
DEPOWIREN  {tr.),  deponirte,  deponirt,  to  depose;    to  deposit;   to 

lay  down,  to  lodge,   a  bailment  (see  poniren). 

DEUTEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  refl.),  deutete,  gedeutet,  to  point;   to  fore- 
bode, to  augur;   to  manifest;  allude. 

Andeuten  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep),  to  indicate;  to  suggest;  to  signify; 
to  allude  to. 

Ausdeuten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  explain;   to  interpret;   to  decipher. 

Bedeuten  {o.,  tr.,  imp.,  ace),  to  mean,  to  signify;  to  direct;  to  be  im- 
portant. 

Hindeuten  {intr.,  hah.,  sep.),  to  point  out,  to  insinuate,  to  refer  to; 
to  aim  at  something;    to  hint. 

Umdeuten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  interpret  anew. 
DICHTEN  {tr.),  dichtete,  gedichtet,  to  make  close  or  compact;    to 
close  together;  to  tighten;  to  fill  up;  to  obturate;  to  write  poetry. 

Verdichten  (/r.),  to  condense,  to  compress;  to  consolidate;  to  solidify; 
to  concentrate;  to  thicken,  to  make  heavy. 


Regular    Verbs.  113 

DICHTEN  {tr.,  intr.),  to  compose  (verses  or  poetry);   to  rhyme;    to  ex- 
temporize; to  improvise;  to  invent;  to  imagine. 
Erdichten  {tr.,  dat.),  to  forge;    to  fabricate;    to  feign;    invent;    to 
romance;  to  win  money  by  one's  rhymes  or  verses. 

DIENEN  {gen.,  dat.,  tr.,  intr.),  diente,  gedient,  to  serve,  to  do;  obey; 

to  perform,  to  act  as;   to  render  service;   to  answer.     Bedient  sein, 

to  be  served,  attended  to. 
Abdienen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace,  dat.),  to  serve  one's  time,  to  pay  off,   get 

square  or  even  with  a  person;    to  return  compliments. 
Ausdienen  {tr.,  intr.),   to    be    pensioned,    retired,    to    have    served, 

to  serve  one's  time,  to  be  worn  out,  cast  away.     Ausgedienter  Pro- 
fessor, emeritus. 
Bedienen  {gen.,  ace,  tr.),  to  serve,  to  wait  at;    to  attend  to.     Sich 

bedienen  lassen,  to  use,   take  advantage    of;    to  avail  oneself  of. 
Verdienen  {tr.,  0.,  imp.,  reft.),  to  earn,  get,  make,  win;   to  deserve, 

merit,  be  worthy  of;   to  do. 

DONNERN  {intr.,  imp.),  donnerte,  gedonnert,  to  thunder;  to  swear; 

to  storm,  to  rage. 
Abdonnern  {sep.,  intr.,  *  imp.),  to  cease  thundering;    to  rebuff  a 

person;    to  fly  off;  to    pronounce  with  a  thundering  voice;    to  be 

precipitated  (with  a  thundering  noise). 
Andonnem  {sep.,  tr.,  intr.,  ace),  to  stun,  amaze,  astonish;  to  shout 

at;  to  confound. 
Aufdonnem  {refl.,  sep.,  *),  to  rise  with  a  thunder  noise;    to  deck 

out,  to  dress  up. 
Ausdonnem  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  cease  thundering;  to  excommunicate. 
Erdonnem  {intr.),  to  resound;  to  begin  to  thunder;  to  burst  forth. 
Verdonnem  {ace,  tr.,  intr.),  to  condemn,  to  pass  judgment  upon 

(verurtheilen). 

DRANGEN  {tr.,  ace,  imp.,  refl.),  drangte,  gedrangt,  to  press,  to 
throng,  to  harass,  to  constrain;  to  squeeze;  to  push;  to  put,  to 
set  aside;  to  oppress;  to  pursue;  to  hurry,  urge;  to  be  anxious, 
impatient;    to  press  close,  to  force  through. 

Andrangen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  press,  push,  or  crowd  against. 

Aufdrangen  {tr.,  dat.,  o.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  crowd  on,  to  press  open;  to 
obtrude;    to  intrude. 

Bedrangen  {tr.,  ace,  insep.),  to  oppress,  to  distress,  to  afflict. 

Eindrangen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  push  in,  to  intrude,  to  penetrate. 

Fortdrangen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  push  away. 

Hindrangen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  press  to  or  toward. 

Nachdrangen  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  sep.,  dat.),  to  crowd,  to  press,  to  push 
after. 

3 


114  Regular    Verbs. 

Umdrangen  (tr.,  ace),  to  crowd,  to  throng  around. 

Verdrangen  {tr.,  ace.),  to  push  aside  or  away,  to  crowd  out,  to  dis- 
place. 

Zudrangen  {refl.,  sep.),  to  rush,  to  crowd,  to  throng  to  a  place;  to 
intrude. 
DRECHSELN  (tr.,  intr.),  drechselte,  gedrechselt,  to  form;  to  turn 
on  a  lathe;  to  shape,  form,  turn  (in  the  various  forms  of  turning 
work). 
DREHEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  drehte,  gedreht,  to  turn;  to  twist;  to  re- 
volve;   to  rotate;    to  whirl;    to  twirl. 

Andrehen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  turn  on,  to  set  a  thing  going. 

Aufdrehen  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  ravel  out;    to  untwist,  to  un- 
twine. 

Ausdrehen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  wring  out;   to  turn  out  or  down; 
to  put  out. 

TJberdrehen  {tr.,  ace),  to  overwind;   to  spoil. 

Verdrehen  {refl.,  tr.,  dat.,  ace),  to  distort;   to  twist  the  wrong  way; 
to  sprain;   to  pervert;   to  turn. 

Zudrehen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  turn  to;   to  shut  off;   to  turn  off. 
DRESSIREN  {tr.,  ace),  dressirte,  dressirt,  to  break  in,  to  train,  to 

drill;  to  straighten. 
DROHEN  {dat.,  tr.,  imp.,  ace,  intr.),  drohte,  gedroht,  to  threaten, 
menace;   to  show  one's  teeth. 

Androhen  {sep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  menace;  to  be  imminent;  to  denounce; 
to  be  impending. 

Ausdrohen  {intr.,  sep.,  dat.),  to  cease  threatening, 

Bedrohen  {tr.),  to  menace,  to  threaten  with.     Es  sieht  bedrohlich 
aus,  it  looks  stormy,  threateningly. 

Umdrohen  {tr.,  ace),  to  beset;  to  threaten  on  all  sides. 
DRUCKEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  refl.),  driickte,  gedriickt,  to  press;  to 
squeeze;  to  clasp;  to  impress;  to  flatten;  to  bring  out  by  press- 
ing; to  suffocate;  to  compress;  to  weigh  down;  to  overwhelm; 
to  weigh  hea^y;  to  depress.  Er  druckte  sich,  he  took  French 
leave;  he  escaped. 

Abdriicken  {tr.,  intr.,  *  refl.,  sep.),  to  impress,  to  imprint,  to  stamp. 

Andnicken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  press  against. 

Aufdriicken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  stamp  on,  to  impress;  to  break  open. 

Ausdriicken  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  squeeze  out;  to  express,  to  enun- 
ciate. 

Bednicken  {tr.,  ace),  to  oppress,  to  crush;    to  vex;    to  burden. 

Zerdriicken  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  crush;    to  mash;    to  crumple. 

Zudriicken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  shut,  to  close;    to  overlook  or  ignore 
something. 


RegularVerbs.  115 

DRUCKEN  {tr.,  ace),  druckte,  gedruckt,  to  print;  work  off;  pull  off; 

to  publish;   to  emboss;   to  figure;   to  impress,  to  stamp;   to  stencil. 
Abdrucken  {sep.,  tr.,  refl.),  to  trace,  copy;  to  countertrace,  to  counter- 
draw,  to  strike  off;  to  print  again. 
Ausdrucken  (sep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  finish  printing;   to  work  off;   to  print 

in  full  length  (without  abbreviation);    to  use  up  by  printing;    to 

cease  printing. 
Bedrucken  {tr.),  to  print;   to  print  upon  or  over  something. 
Eindrucken  {tr.,  sep.),  to  ground  in;  to  insert;  to  print  in;  to  illustrate. 
Verdnicken  {tr.,  refl.),  to  misprint,  to  print  wrongly;    to  transpose; 

to  use  up  in  printing. 
DUFTEN  {hab.,  tr.,  intr.),  duftete,  geduftet  (also  duften),  to  breathe, 

to  exhale;    to  emit  an  odor,  to  smell;    to  give  fragrance  or  smell. 
Anduften  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  exhale  fragrance  in  the  direction  of  a 

person. 
Verduften  {refl^.,  intr.,  *),  to  evaporate;    to  vanish. 
DtlNKEN  {intr.,  tr.,  ace,  refl.,  imp.,  dat.,  o.),  diinkte,  gediinkt,  to 

seem,  to  appear,  to  imagine;    to  presume;    to  seem   to   consider 

oneself;    to  be  of  the  opinion;    to  be  conceited. 
Bediinken  {intr.,  imp.,  o.),  to  seem,  appear.     Mich  will  bediinken, 

methinks,  meseems. 
DUNSTEN  (DUNSTEN)  {intr.,  imp.,  hah.,  *),  dunstete,  gedunstet,  to 

evaporate;    to  smoke,  to  fume;   to  sweat;   to  give  forth,  to  exhale 

vapor  or  steam;  to  cause  dampness  (dampfen). 
Verdunsten  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  *),  to  evaporate;    to  exhale. 

DURFEN,  durfte,  gedurft  {auxiliary  verb  of  mood,  one  0}  six)  (see 
diirfen,  list  of  irregular  verbs)  (takes  haben). 

DURSTEN  {intr.,  hah.,  imp.,  ace),  diirstete,  gediirstet,  to  feel  thirsty. 
Rache  diirsten,  to  be  revengeful  (also  dursten). 
Verdursten  (*  intr.),  to  die  of  thirst;    to  be  parched. 


£. 

EHREN  {tr.,  ace),  ehrte,  geehrt,  to  honor,  to  credit;  to  esteem. 

Beehren  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  favor,  to  honor,  to  do  honor;   to  have  the 

honor  to;  to  inform. 
Entehren  {tr.,  refl.),  to  disgrace,  to  dishonor;   to  bring  shame  upon; 

to  defame;  to  pollute,  to  prostitute;  to  derogate. 
Verehren  {tr.,  ace),  to  respect,  to  venerate,  to  revere;    to  honor;    to 

adore;  to  worship;  to  serve;  to  make  an  idol;  to  fear. 
EIFERN  {intr.,  dat.,  refl.),  eiferte,  geeifert,  to  declaim  against,  to 

preach  down;    to  compete  with,  to  emulate,   rival,  strive;    to  be 

zealous,  anxious;   to  prove  one's  zeal. 


X 


ii6  Regular   Verbs. 

Aneifem  {tr.,  sep.),  to  incite,  instigate;    to  stimulate,  to  rouse;    to 

fill  with  ardor. 
Beeifem  (refl.,  insep.),   to  endeavor,  take   pains;    to   exert   oneself, 

strive;    to  take  interest  in  one's  behalf. 
Nacheifem  {inir.,  sep.,  dat.),  to  emulate  a  person,  to  strive  to  equal; 

to  vie  with  a  person;    to  rival  one. 

EILEl?  {tr.,  dat.,  ace,  imp.,  refl.,  hah.,  *),  eilte,  geeilt,  to  hasten,  to  press, 
urge;  to  move  quickly;  to  make  haste;  to  hurry,  to  ply;  to  push 
on,  to  run,  to  flee;  to  take  flight,  to  fly.  Es  eilt,  it  is  urgent.  Jeman- 
dem  zu  Hilfe  eilen,  to  run  to  one's  rescue.  Warum  eilen  Sie  so? 
What's  your  hurry  ? 
Beeilen  {tr.,  refl.),  to  hurry,  to  hasten;  to  speed. 
Enteilen  {intr.,  *),  to  fly  or  hasten  away;  to  spur  from;  to  escape, 

to  slip. 
Ereilen  {tr.,  ace),  to  overtake,  catch;  to  fetch,  come  up  with. 
Forteilen  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  whirl  away;  to  hasten,  scurry  or  hurry  off. 
Ubereilen   {tr.,  insep.,  refl.),  to  urge,  to  hurry  too  much;  to  hasten, 

to  precipitate. 
Zueilen  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  hasten  toward;  to  run  up  (to  a  person). 
Seinem  Verderben  zueilen,  to  rush  into  destruction. 
EINIGEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  einigte,  geeinigt,  to  unify,  to  unite;  to  agree; 
to  compromise;    to  form  into  one;    to  reconciliate;    to  accommo- 
date, to  bring  together. 
Vereinigen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  unite,  to  combine;   to  associate. 
EKBLN  {intr.,  imp.,  refl.,  dat.,  o.),  ekelte,  geekelt,  to  be  disgusted, 
to  be  nauseated;    loathe.     Es  ekelt  mir,  it  makes  me  sick,  it  goes 
against  me;    it  is  nauseating.     Ich  ekle  mich  vor,  I  have  taken 
a  disgust  or  dislike  to. 
Anekeln  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  ekelte  an,  angeekelt,  to  be  disgusted  with, 

to  be  sickened. 
Verekein  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  render  loathsome,  to  become  disgusted  with. 
ENTBEHREN  {tr.,  imp.,  gen.,  ace),  entbehrte,  entbehrt,  to  be  de- 
prived, to  be  short,  to  be  in  want;  to  do  without;  to  dispense  with. 
ENTBLOSSEN  {tr.,  refl.,  insep.),  entblosste,  entblosst,  to  lay  bare, 
uncover,  open;    to  unclothe,  to  denude;    to  unveil,  disclose,  show. 
ENTFACHEN  {tr.),  entfachte,  entfacht,  to  rouse,  to  kindle,  to  set  on 
fire,  to  inflame. 
Anfachen  {tr.,  ace),  to  excite,  to  stir  up. 
ENTFERNEN  {tr.,  refl.),  entfernte,  entfernt,  to  remove,  to  withdraw, 
to  do,  take,  keep,  throw,  strike  away;    to  abstract;   to  purloin;    to 
displant;  to  expel;  to  dismiss,  to  show  out ;  to  eat  away;  to  corrode; 
to  be,  run,  come  away;    to  go  away,  to  depart;    to  retire,  retreat, 
recede;    to  sneak  away;   to  abscond;    to  retire  from;  to  bid  adieu, 
good-by. 


Regular   Verbs.  117 

ENTFREMDEN    {tr.,    dat.,    refl.),    entfremdete,    entfremdet,    to 

alienate;   to  estrange  from;    to  separate;  to  set  at  variance;    to  dis- 
unite;  to  abstract;   to  pilfer,  to  steal;   to  estrange  oneself  from. 
Befremden  (tr.,   reft.),  to  be  surprised,  to  find  strange,  odd.     Das 
befremdet  mich,  it  astonishes  me. 
ENTGLEISEN  {intr.,  tr.,  *),  entgleiste,  entgleist,  to  get  off  or  run 
off  the  rails;  to  derail,  to  wreck,  to  go  on  the  wrong  track;  to  re- 
move or  take  up  the  rails. 
ENTHAUPTEN  (tr.,  ace),  enthauptete,  enthauptet,  to  behead,  to 
decapitate;   to  decollate;   to  guillotine;   to  take  one's  head  oflF. 
Behaupten  (see  primitive  verb). 
ENTLEDIGEN  (tr.,  refl.,  insep.,  gen.),  entledigte,  entledigt,  to  de- 
liver, free;    discharge;    to  perform;    to  execute. 
ENTSCHULDIGEN  (tr.,  ace,  refl.),  entschuldigte,  entschuldigt,  to 
apologize;    to  justify;    to  defend;    to  excuse,  to  pardon,  spare. 
Beschuldigen  (gen.,  tr.,  ace),  to  accuse,  to  reproach,  to  charge  with, 
to  impeach. 
ERBARMEN  (refl.,  gen.,  imp.),  erbarmte,  erbarmt,  to  commiserate, 

to  have  pity,  mercy,  compassion;  to  be  merciful. 
ERBEN   (tr.,  ace,  intr.,  refl.),  erbte,   geerbt,   to  inherit;    to  succeed 
to;    to  share;    to  fall  to  (one's  lot);    to  be  bequeathed;    to  devolve 
on  or  upon;   to  become  heir  to;   to  be  transmitted  by  inheritance  to. 
Beerben  (tr.,  ace),  to  inherit,  to  succeed  to,  to  be  an  heir. 
Enterben  (tr.,  ace),  to  disinherit. 

Vererben  (tr.,  ace,  refl.,  intr.),  to  bequeath,  to  transmit,  to  hand  down. 
ERDREISTEN    (DREISTEN)    (gen.,    refl.,    insep.),    to    dare;    take 
liberty;    risk;    presume;    venture;    to  pretend;  to  have  the  impu- 
dence, the  face,  the  cheek;  to  have  the  courage,  the  boldness  to. 
ERFRECHEN  (refl.,  insep.,  gen.),  erfrechte,  erfrecht,  to  take  liberty, 
to  presume;   to  dare  (erdreisten). 

ERHELLEN  (tr.,  ace,  intr.,  imp.),  erhellte,  erhellt,  to  light  up, 
to  illuminate,  to  brighten,  to  manifest;  to  smile;  to  elucidate;  to 
clear  up;  to  throw  Ught  upon;  it  is  clear,  apparent,  evident,  obvious; 
it  speaks  for,  proves. 

ERINWeRW  (tr.,  ace,  gen.,  refl.),  erinnerte,  erinnert,  to  remind,  to 
commemorate,  to  think,  to  recollect,  to  bethink;  to  resemble;  to 
recall;  call  back,  revive;  to  bring  to  one's  recollection;  to  remember 
(something);  to  bethink  oneself  of.  Es  erinnert  mich,  it  reminds 
me.     Erinnern  Sie  sich  ja,  dass,  do  not  forget  that. 

ERKUHLEN  (intr.,  tr.,  refl.,  *),  erkiihlte,  erkiihlt,  to  cool,  to  make 
fresh;  to  become,  grow,  or  get  cool;  to  cool  off;  to  become  tired  of 
(erkalten). 

ERKUHNEN  (refl.,  gen.,  intr.),  erkuhnte,  erkiihnt,  to  have  the  bold- 
ness, audacity;    to  dare. 


ii8  RegularVerbs. 

ERKUNDIGEN  (gen.,  refl.),  erkundigte,  erkimdigt,  to  inquire  into, 

to  ask,  to  gather  information. 
ERLAHMEN   {intr.,  *),   erlahmte,   erlahmt,   to    grow,   to    become 

lame;  to  be  paralyzed;  to  lose  one's  zeal;  to  make  lame. 
ERLANGEN  (/r.,  ace),  erlangte,  erlangt,  to  catch,  to  reach,  to  attain, 

to  obtain;  to  get,  to  recover;  to  achieve. 
ERLAUBEN  {tr.,  refl.,  dat.),  erlaubte,  erlaubt,  to  allow,  permit;    to 

consent,  let;    to  grant;    to  give  leave;    to  give  license;    to  excuse, 

to  exempt  from;   to  dispense  with;   to  pardon. 
ERMOGLICHEN  (tr.,  dat.,  ace),  ermoglichte,  ermoglicht,  to  con- 
trive, to  render  possible;   to  make  attainable,  obtainable,    feasible; 

to  bring  within  reach. 
ERMORDEN  (/r.,  refl.,  ace),  ermordete,  ermordet,  to  murder,  to 

assassinate;    to  butcher,  massacre,  slay,  slaughter;    to  kill  oneself, 

to  commit  suicide  (see  m  or  den). 
ERMUDEN  {tr.,  refl.,  intr.,  *),  ermiidete,  ermiidet,  to  tire,  weary  out; 

to  overdo;    to  annoy,  bother,  tease,  bore;    to  get  tired,  to  become 

weary;  to  get  fatigued;  to  get  exhausted. 
ERMUNTERN  {tr.,  refl.),  to  awake,  to  rouse,  to  enliven,  cheer  up;  to 

divert,  to  recreate  oneself;  to  grow  animated;  to  encourage,  incite, 

inspirit;  to  brisk  up. 
ERMUTIGEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl),  ennutigte,  ermutigt,  to  take  courage  or 

heart;   to  pluck  up  spirits;   to  encourage;    to  inspire;    to  increase 

confidence  in  a  person  or  thing. 
Entmutigen  {tr.),  to  dishearten,  to  discourage;  to  beat  or  cast  down, 
ERNAHREN  {tr.,  refl.),  emahrte,  emahrt,  to  feed,  to  keep  in  food, 

to  nourish,  to  aliment;  to  live  or  subsist  on  or  upon  (see  ndhren). 
ERNEUERN  {tr.,  refl.),  emeuerte,  emeuert,  to  renew,  to  regenerate; 

to  repair,  mend,  do  up;   to  renovate,  restore,  reinstate;  to  modern- 
ize; to  bring  again  to  life;  to  revive;  to  prolong. 
EROBERN  {tr.,  ace),  eroberte,  erobert,  to  conquer,  to  take,  to  capture. 
ERROTEN"  {intr.,  *),  errotete,  errbtet,  to  blush,  to  flush,  to  color,  to 

get  red. 
ERSAUFEN  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  ersaufte,  ersauft,  to  drown,  inundate;    to 

submerge,  flood;  to  overflow,  to  deluge;   to  drown  oneself,  to  throw 

oneself  into  the  water. 
ERSCHLAFFEN  {intr.,  *),  erschlaffte,  erschlafft,  to  grow  weak,  to  re- 
lax, to  slacken,  to  droop. 


F. 

FACHELN  {tr.,  dat.,  refl.),  fachelte,  gefachelt,  to  fan,  to  fan  to  sleep;  to 
winnow. 
UmfHcheln  {tr.),  to  refresh  with  cooling  air,  to  fan. 


Regular    Verbs.  119 

FALLEN  {tr.,  ace),  fallte,  gefallt,  to  cut  down,  to  hew,  strike,  to  kill 
(animals);  to  nun;  to  slay;  to  precipitate;  to  pronounce  or  pass 
judgment  or  sentence;  to  give  an  opinion. 

FALTEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  faltete,  gefaltet,  to  fold;  to  ruffle;  to  crimple; 

to  clasp  (hands). 
Ausfalten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  unfold,  to  unplaid. 
Entfalten  {refl.,  tr.,  insep.),  to  unfold,  open;    to  expand,  unroll;    to 

display,  unfurl;    bloom. 
Umfalten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.,  insep.),  to  surround  or  cover,  to  drape,  to 

refold. 

FARBEN  {tr.,  refl.),  farbte,  gefarbt,  to  color,  to  tincture,  to  tinge;  to 

change  color;  to  get,  to  assume  color;  to  blush. 
Entfarben  {tr.,  refl.),  to  decolor,  to  decolorate;  to  blush;  to  lose  one's 

color. 
Verfarben  {tr.,  refl.,  intr.),  to  use  up  in  dyeing;    to  dye  badly;    to 

discolor;  to  turn  pale,  to  change  color;  to  fade. 

FEHLEN  {imp.,  gen.,  dat.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  miss;  to  go  astray;  to  mistake; 
to  blunder,  to  be  mistaken;  to  err,  to  misdo;  to  stumble;  to  do, 
act,  or  deal  wrong;  to  commit  a  fault;  to  be  wanting,  lacking; 
to  be  absent  from,  to  stay  away;  to  be  short  of.  Es  fehlt  mir,  I 
am  wanting,  missing;  I  am  in  need  of. 
Verfehlen  {insep.,  tr.,  refl.),  to  miss;  to  lose  or  mistake;  to  be  un- 
successful. 

FEIERN  {tr.,  intr.,  dot.,  ace),  feierte,  gefeiert,  to  cease  from  work, 
to  rest  from  labor;  to  enjoy  a  holiday;  to  be  idle,  to  do  nothing; 
to  repose;  to  strike;  to  celebrate,  to  solemnize;  to  keep,  to  observe, 
to  commemorate;  to  do  honor;  to  extol  (a  person}. 

FEILSCHEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  feilschte,  gefeilscht,  to  bargain,   to 
cheapen,  to  haggle,  to  barter;    to  trade;    to   beat  down  the  price; 
to  bate. 
Abfeilschen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  barter,  to  bargain. 

FERTIGEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  fertigte,  gefertigt,  to  prepare,  to  prompt, 
to  make  ready. 

Abfertigen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  forward,  to  clear  off;  to  expedite;  to  des- 
patch; to  send  away,  to  dismiss;  to  patch;  to  polish  off;  to  reproach; 
to  rebuff;    to  snub  a  person;    to  put  off  with  fine  speeches. 

Anfertigen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  make,  to  do,  to  manufacture. 

Ausfertigen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  dispatch,  to  execute,  to  make  out. 

Rechtfertigen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  justify,  to  defend;    to  censure. 

Verfertigen  {tr.,  ace),  to  make,  to  manufacture;    to  construct. 
FESSELN  {tr.,  ace),  fesselte,  gefesselt,  to  fetter,  to  chain;    to  bind, 
to  tie;    to  tether;    to  arrest;    engage,  bespeak;   to  rivet  (attention); 
to  captivate;   to  fascinate;   to  interest  one. 


I20  Regular    Verbs. 

Anfesseln  (/r.,  ace,  sep.),  to  attach,  to  fasten,  to  chain,  to  fetter  to. 
Entfesseln  (/r.,  ace,  refl.),  to  unfetter,  to  unchain;   to  liberate. 
FESTIGEN   (Jr.,   ace),   festigte,   gefestigt,   to  strengthen,   to  make 
firm,  to  tighten. 
Anfestigen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  fasten,  to  tie. 
Befestigen  (tr.,  ace),  to  fasten,  to  attach  to. 

FEUERN  (/r.,  ace,  intr.),  feuerte,  gefeuert,  to  make  a  fire,  to  lay 

(or)  to  make  a  light;    to  keep  a  fire  going;    to  discharge  (guns); 

to  shoot;   to  be  glowing,  burning;    to  heat  (with);   to  give  or  fetch 

a  person  a  blow. 
Abfeuem  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  discharge,  to  fire  or  shoot  off. 
Anfeuem  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  light,  to  kindle;  to  incite;  to  stimulate. 
Einfeuem  {intr.,  tr.,  dat.,  ace,  sep.),  to  light;  to  excite,  incite,  stir  up, 

urge;  to  fire. 
Losfeuem  {sep.,  intr.,  hah.),  to  fire  or  shoot  at  a  person. 

FISCHEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  fischte,  gefischt,  to  fish,  to  tackle;  to  get, 
to  obtain;  to  dredge;  to  angle.  Es  ist  nichts  daljei  zu  fischen,  there 
is  nothing  to  be  got. 

Auffischen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  fish  up  or  out,  to  find,  to  pick  up. 

Ausfischen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  find  out,  to  ferret  out. 

Erfischen  {tr.,  ace),  to  pick  up,  to  hook,  to  get  by  cunning. 

FLEHEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  flehte,  gefleht,  to  pray,  to  implore,  to  con- 
jure;   to  entreat. 

Anflehen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  ask,  to  entreat,  to  implore,  to  beg. 

Ausflehen  {ace,  rejl.,  tr.,  intr.,  sep.),   to   beseech   for  help,   to   pray 
fervently. 

Erflehen  {tr.,  ace),  to  beg  for,  to  implore,  to  supplicate. 
FLICKEN  (/r.,  (fa/.,  ace),  flickte,  geflickt,  tobotch;  to  dam;  to  mend, 
repair;  to  cobble;  to  clout;  to  seek  or  pick  a  quarrel  (with  a  person). 

Ausflicken  {sep.,  tr.),  to  mend,  piece,  patch;   to  botch. 
FLUCHEN  {intr.,  dat.,  tr.),  fluchte,    geflucht,   to   curse,    to   damn, 
to  imprecate;   to  use  bad  language;   to  swear,  to  blaspheme. 

Anfluchen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  swear  at,  to  curse  one;  to  invoke  evil  upon 
one. 

Ausfluchen  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  cease  cursing  or  swearing. 

Nachfluchen  {intr.,  hah.,  sep.),  to  swear  after  a  person,  to  pursue  a 
person  with  curses;    to  repeat  the  curses  after  another. 

Verfluchen  {tr.,  insep.,  refl.),  to   execrate;    to   excommunicate;    to 

curse;   to  invoke  curses;   to  damn,  to  confound. 

FLUCHTEN  {refl.,  intr.,  *),  fliichtete,  gefluchtet,  to  flee,  to  fly,  to 

take  flight  to;  to  escape,  to  run  away;  to  slide,  to  take  to;  to  take 

refuge  to;  to  shelter  something  (behind  or  under);  to  save  or  secure. 


Regular    Verbs.  121 

Verfliichten  (verfliichtigen)  {tr.,  refl.),  to  volatilize;    to  evaporate; 
to  be  subtilized;  to  be  off;  to  make  oneself  scarce. 
FOLGEN  (hab.,  *  daL),  folgte,  gefolgt,  to  follow,  to  come  after,  to 
go  behind,  to  obey;  to  heed;  to  result;  to  ensue;  to  accompany;  to 
succeed;  to  result  (from);  to  listen  to;   to  be  attended  to. 

Befolgen  (/r.,  ace),  to  obey;  to  observe;    to  execute. 

Erfolgen  {inir.,  *),  to  result;   to  arise;   to  ensue. 

Nachfolgen  (intr.,  *  dat.,  sep.),  to  come  after,  to  follow,  to  succeed. 

Verfolgen  {tr.,  ace),  to  pursue,  to  chase;    persecute;    to  haunt. 

FOLGERN  {tr.,  ace),  folgerte,  gefolgert,  to  draw  an  inference  or 
conclusion,  to  infer;  to  reason;  to  argue;  to  draw  inferences;  to 
come  to  conclusions;    to  ratiocinate. 

FORDERN  {tr.,  ace),  forderte,  gefordert,  to  demand,  to  ask,  to  call 
for,  to  exact,  to  desire;  to  claim  as  due;  to  require;  to  challenge, 
to  demand  satisfaction  (in  a  duel);  to  importune  a  person  for  some- 
thing; to  call  to  account,  to  reckon  with;  to  summon  a  person. 

Abfordem  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  demand  from,  to  ask  for. 

Anfordem  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  demand,  to  require,  to  exact. 

Auffordem  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  ask,  to  request;   to  invite;   to  urge. 

Ausfordem  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  call  for  or  out. 

Herausfordem  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  challenge,  to  defy,  to  demand. 

Zuriickfordem  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  ask  back,  to  reclaim. 

FORDERN  {tr.,  refl.,  intr.),  forderte,  gefordert,  to  advance,  to  further, 
to  promote;  to  serve,  to  be  useful  to;  to  hasten,  to  accelerate;  to 
set  going,  to  forward;  to  patronize;  to  interest  in;  to  facilitate. 
Befordem  {tr.,  ace),  to  hasten,  to  quicken,  to  urge,  to  further;  to  dis- 
patch; to  stimulate;  to  favor;  to  protect;  to  develop;  to  encour- 
age; to  convey,  to  expedite;  to  send,  to  ship;  to  raise,  advance, 
promote;  to  exalt. 

FORSCHEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  forschte,  geforscht,  to  investigate,  to 

inquire,  to  search,  to  seek;    to  institute   investigations;    to   sound 

a  person;    to  dive  into;    to  scrutinize;    to  examine;    to  meditate 

(on  something). 
Abforschen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  question,  to  inquire. 
Ausforschen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  try  to  find  out,  to  pry  into,  to  ask 

questions. 
Nachforschen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  search,  to  investigate,  to  examine. 
Umforschen  {tr.,  ace),  to  make  an  investigating  search  for  a  thing; 

to  scrutinize. 
FRAGEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr. ,rejl.,  imp.;  used  reg.  and  irreg.),  fragte,gefragt 

(see  jragen,  list  oj  irregular  verbs,  page  30). 
Abfragen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  question,  to  examine,  to  inquire,  to 

glean  from. 


122  Regular    Verbs. 

Anfragen  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  sep.),  to  inquire,  to  examine,  to  ask. 
Ausfragen  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  sep.),  to  cross-examine,  to  cross-question, 

to  inquire. 
Befragen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  ask,  to  query,  to  confer  about,  to  ques- 
tion. 
Erfragen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  find  out,  to  ascertain,  to  apply  for. 
Nachfragen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  inquire,  to  ask,  to  require. 
FREUEN  {imp.,  ace,  refl.),  freute,  gefreut,  to  enjoy,  to  delight,  to 

be  glad,  to   be    pleased;    to    rejoice    in;    to    exult    in   something; 

to  be  joyful. 
Erfreuen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  gen.),  to  rejoice,  to  gladden,  to  please,  to 

delight. 
FROHNEN  {intr.,  dat.),  frohnte,  gefrohnt  (also    jrohnen),  to    toil, 

slave;  to  do  service  in  socage;  to  indulge  in;  to  abandon  oneself  to. 
FUGEN  {tr.,  o.,  imp.,  refl.),  fUgte,  gefiigt,  to  unite,  to  connect,  to  put 

together,  to  adapt;   to  adjust;    to  join  together;  to  fit   in;   to  be 

suitable,  proper;    to  acquiesce  in  something. 
Anfiigen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  adjoin,  to  annex,  to  add;  to  inflict. 
Beifiigen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.\  to  add;  to  enclose. 
HinzufUgen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  adjoin,  to  add,  to  affix. 
Verfiigen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  intr.),  to  decide,  to  settle,  to  order;   to  be- 
take oneself  to;   to  dispose  of. 
Zufiigen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  injure,  to  do  harm,  to  hurt;    to  add  to; 

to  do;   to  cause. 
ZuriickfUgen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  reconduct,  to  reconvey,  to  set  back, 

to  push  back. 
FtJHLEN  {tr.,  o.,  intr.,  refl.),  fiihlte,  gefiihlt,  to  feel,  to  be  aware  of, 

to  be  affected  by;  to  perceive;  to  be  sensible  of;  to  be  conscious; 

to  be  susceptible,  sensitive;    to  be  sentimental.     Er  fiihlte  mir  den 

Puis,  he  felt  my  pulse.     Jemandem  auf  den  2^hn  fUhlen,  to  sound 

or  try  a  person.     Wie  fiihlen  Sie  sich  ?  how  are  you  ? 
Anftihlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  feel,  to  touch,  to  handle. 
Befiihlen  {tr.,  ace),  to  feel,  to  touch,  to  handle,  to  finger. 
FUHREN  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  fiihrte,  gefUhrt,  to  lead,  to  conduct,  to  guide, 

to  direct,  to  carry;    to  control,  to  superintend;    to  overlook;    to 

manage. 
Abfiihren  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  lead  away  or  off,  to  take  away,  to  drain, 

to  remove. 
Anfiihren  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  command,  to  lead,  to  allege,  to  quote; 

to  deceive. 
Ausfuhren  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  lead  out;  to  export;  to  carry  out,  to 

succeed. 
Einfiihren  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  introduce,  to  present;  to   initiate,  to 

establish. 


Regular    Verbs.  123 

Entfuhren  {tr.,  ace),  to  carry  away;  to  abduct;  to  elope;  to  kidnap. 

Herbeifuhren  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  bring  on;  to  induce;  to  entail; 
to  procure. 

Uberfiihren  (tr.,  ace,  gen.,  insep.,  sep),  to  lead  across,  to  transport; 
to  convey;   to  reduce;    to  convince;   to  convict. 

Umfuhren  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  lead  around,  to  lead  about,  to  lead  a 
roundabout  way. 

Verfiihren  {tr.),  to  mislead,  to  lead  astray;  to  misguide;  to  export, 
transport;    to  betray  one  into  something;    to  seduce. 

Wegfiihren  {tr.,  sep.),  to  lead  or  take  away;   to  march  off  (prisoners); 
to  remove;  to  transport. 
FULLEN  {tr.,  refl.),  fiillte,  gefiillt,  to  fill,  to  fill  up;  to  cram,  choke;  to 
replenish;  to  live  up;  to  multiply;  to  double;  to  stuff  (a  chicken). 

Abfiillen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  pour  or  fill  out;  to  skim;  to  draw  off;  to 
empty;  to  bottle. 

Anfiillen  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  stock,  to  store;  to  crowd;  to  be  filled 
with;  to  gorge  oneself  Avith  (food). 

Ausfiillen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  fill  up  or"  out;  to  employ  (time);  to 
occupy,  absorb. 

Erfiillen  {tr.,  refl.,  imp.),  to  fill,  fulfil;  to  multiply;  to  grant,  comply 
with;  to  hear  (a  prayer);  to  keep  (a  vow);  to  discharge  (obliga- 
tions); to  execute;  to  accede,  satisfy,  to  meet  with;  to  come  true, 
to  take  effect.     Es  hat  sich  erfullt,  it  became  realized. 

trberfiillen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.,  insep.),  to  crowd,  throng  or  cram  (a 
place);  to  fill  to  excess;    to  overcrowd;    to  congest;    overstock;  to 
overload  (the  stomach) ;  to  pour  from  one  vessel  into  another. 
FtJRCHTEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  refl.),  fiirchtete,  gefurchtet,  to  appre- 
hend, to  be  afraid,  to  fear,  to  dread. 

Befiirchten  {tr.,  ace),  to  fear,  to  apprehend,  to  doubt. 

Erfurchten  {tr.,  ace),  to  be  in  a  state  of  horror,  of  fear,  trembling. 


G. 

GAHNEN  {intr.),  gahnte,  gegahnt,  to  yawn,  to  gape. 

Angahnen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  yawn  at  a  person;  to  stare  at  a  person  yawning. 
Ausgahnen  {intr.,  hah.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  cease  yawning;  to  yawn  one's  fill 

GAREN   {tr.,  intr.,  refl.;  reg.  and  irreg.),  garte,    gegart,  to  ferment, 
work,  to  effervesce,  to  yeast,  to  set  in  fermentation  (see  gdren,  list 
of  irregular  verbs). 
Vergaren  {intr.,  hah.),  to  cease  fermenting. 

GEBAREN  {intr.,  hah.,  refl.),  gebarte,  gebart,  to  present  a  certain  ap- 
pearance, to  appear;  to  demean  oneself ;  to  take  a  course  of  action 


124  Regular    Verbs. 

GEBARDEN  (old  intr.  form,  reft.),  gebardete,  gebardet,  to  behave; 

to  demean,  to  deport  oneself  (see  geberden). 
GEBERDEN  (intr.,  hah.,  refl.),  geberdete,  geberdet,  to  gesticulate;  to 
demean  oneself,  to  behave,  to  cany  oneself.     Sich  geberden  als  ob, 
to  put  on  airs  as  if  (see  gebdrden). 
GEBUHREN  (intr.,  refl.,  imp.,  dat.),  gebiihrte,  gebiihrt,  to  become, 
suit,  behave;   to  be  fit  or  proper;   to  pay  attention  to  rules   of  pro- 
priety, 
GELEITEN  (tr.,  ace),  geleitete,  geleitet,  to  conduct,  to  accompany, 

to  escort;  to  convey;  to  see  a  person  (home)  (see  leiten). 
GESELLEN  (tr.,  refl.),  to  join;    to  associate;    to  unite  intimately;    to 

consort  with  a  person. 
GESTALTEN  (tr.,  refl.),  gestaltete,  gestaltet,  to  shape,  form,  figure, 
fashion,  organize,  model,  mould;    to  take  shape,  assume  a  form; 
to  turn  out  (well). 
Veranstalten  (tr.),  to  arrange,  make,  prepare,  contrive,  manage,  get 

up;  give  (a  party). 
Verunstalten  (tr.),  to  disfigure,  deface,  spoil,  mar,  put  out  of  shape. 
GEWOHNEN  (tr.,  ace,  gen.,  refl.),  gewohnte,  gewohnt,  to  habituate, 
to  accustom  oneself,  to  get  used;  to  familiarize  with;   to  train;  to 
harden  or  inure  a  person  to;   to  teach;   to  get  seasoned  or  accus- 
tomed to. 
Abgewohnen  (tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  break  a  habit;  to  wean  from. 
Angewohnen  (tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  get  into  a  habit,  to  accustom. 
Entwbhnen  (tr.,  ace,  refl.,  gen.),  to  disaccustom,  to  wean  gradually 

from  a  thing,  to  get  out  of  habit. 
Verwohnen  (refl.,  tr.,  ace),  to  spoil,  to  accustom    one;   to  pamper 
a  person;  to  make  fastidious. 
GLANZEN  (tr.,  intr.),  glanzte,  geglanzt,  to  light,  to  be  bright,  to  shine; 
to  glisten;  glitter;    to  glare,  flash,  flare;    to  radiate;    to  beam;    to 
blaze;  to  dazzle;  to  shed  luster;  to  brighten;  to  polish,  to  burnish; 
to  gloss. 
Erglanzen  (intr.,  *imp.,  hah.),  to  shine,  to  beam,  to  sparkle,  to  gleam 
forth ;  to  emit  rays  of  light. 
GLAUBEN  (tr.,  dat.,  intr.),  glaubte,  geglaubt,  to  credit,  to  trust,  to 
believe,  to  take  for  granted.     Beglaubigen,  to  testify,  prove,    to 
substantiate;  to  attest,  certify. 
GLtJCKEN  (imp.,    *  hah.,   dat.),   gliickte,   gegliickt,   to  succeed,  to 
turn  out  well;    to  be  successful,  to  have  good  luck. 
Beglticken  (tr.,  ace,  insep.),  to  make  happy;   to  bless;   to  felicitate; 

to  prosper;    to  favor  or  delight  one. 
Missgliicken  (*  hah.,  imp.,  dat.),  to  fail,  miscarry,  to  fall  flat  (see 
misslingen). 

GLtJCKWUNSCHEN  (tr.,  dat.,  sep.),  wiinschte  Gliick;   Gltick  ge- 


Regular   Verbs.  125 

wimscht   (used  as  infinitive  only) ;    to  congratulate,   to  wish  joy, 

to  wish  God-speed  (see  wiinschen) . 
Begluckwunschen  {tr.,  ace),  to  compliment,  to  felicitate,  to   con- 
gratulate. 
GLUHEN    (*  intr.),  gliihte,  gegliiht,  to  be  in  love;   to  glow;  to  be 

red  hot;  to  be  ignited;  to  gleam,  to  blaze;    to  sparkle. 
Angliihen  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  begin  to  glow;    to  inflame;   to  become 

excited;  to  flush. 
Ausgliihen  {sep.,    tr.,  intr.,  hah.   *),  to  anneal;  to  go  out,  to  cease 

glowing;  to  be  consumed  by  fire. 
Ergliihen  {intr.,  *),  to  burn,  to  inflame,  to  glow;    to  inflame  with 

passion;    to  kindle  a  glow. 
Vergliihen  {intr.,  *),  to  cool  down;   to  be  consumed  by  fire,  to  cease, 

glowing;   to  die  away. 

GRAMEN  {tr.,  ace,  imp.,  refl.),  gramte,  gegramt,  to  grieve,  to  worry, 
to  distress,  to  aflSict,  to  sadden,  to  sorrow;  to  grieve  at  something; 
to  be  grieved  at;  to  pine  away;  to  take  something  to  heart;  to 
fret  (over  or  about  something);  to  droop  away;  to  die  of  a  broken 
heart. 
Abgramen  {refl.,  sep.),  to  pine  away  with  grief,  to  be  in  a  heartbroken 

state. 
Angramen    {intr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  trouble,  to  worry;  to  be  attacked 

by  sorrow;  to  begin  to  grieve. 
Ausgramen  {refl.,  sep.),  to  cease  grieving,  to  stop  distressing  one- 
self;   to  die;    to  stop  troubling. 
Vergramen  {tr.,  ace,  *  refl.),  to  pass  in  grieving,  to  spend  in  troub- 
ling, to  pine  away. 
GRASEN  {tr.,  intr.),  graste,  gegrast,  to  graze,  to  feed  on  grass;    to 
pasture;   to  cut  or  mow  grass;    to  trespass  another  man's  right  of 
property. 

GRATULIREN  {intr.,  dat.),  gratulirte,  gratulirt,  to  wish  joy,  to  con- 
gratulate, to  wish  happiness. 

GRAUEN  {intr.,  dat.,  refl.,  imp.),  graute,  gegraut,  to  grow  gray,  old; 
to  dawn  (at  daybreak),  to  have  horror,  to  be  in  horror  or  dread; 
to  shudder;  to  feel  an  aversion  (for  or  to  something);  to  be  hor- 
ror-stricken. 
Ergrauen  {intr.,  *  insep.),  to  become  gray,  old;  to  be  struck  with 
horror.  Es  graut  mir  davor,  I  shudder  to  think  of  it.  Es  graut 
der  Tag,  the  day  breaks.  Die  Nacht  ergraut,  it  is  turning  dark 
or  twilight. 

GRAVIREN    {tr.,  ace),   gravirte,  gravirt,  to  engrave,    to   hatch,  to 
carve,  to  sculpture. 
Eingraviren    {tr.,  ace,  sep.),    to  engrave,  to  enchase,  to  cut  in,  to 
incise,  to  ensculpture. 


126  Regular   Verbs. 

GRENZEN  (/r.,  ace,  intr.),  grenzte,  gegrenzt,  to  border;  to  confront, 
to  confine,  to  limit,  extend;   to  join  to  adjoin;   to  stretch  out. 

Abgrenzen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  mark,  to  divide  by  boundaries, 
to  limit,  to  define. 

Angrenzen  {intr.,  hah.,  sep.),  to  border  on,  to  join,  to  be  adjoining 
to,  to  be  verging  on;    to  abut. 

Begrenzen  {tr.),  to  define,  to  determine,  to  terminate;   to  border,  to 
limit;  to  fix;  to  circumscribe;  to  confine. 

Ubergrenzen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  overjoin,  to  overlimit. 

Umgrenzen  {tr.,  ace),  to  encircle,  to  encompass,  to  fence  in,  to  re- 
strict, to  define. 
GRUBELN  {intr.,  hab.,  tr.,  ace),  griibelte,  gegriibelt,  to  meditate,  to 
muse,  to  ponder,  to  brood,  puzzle;  to  speculate;  to  ruminate;  to 
beat  one's  brains  about;  to  refine  (on  something);  to  kill  oneself 
by  racking  one's  brains. 

Abgriibeln  {refl.,  sep.),  to  muse  to  excess,  to  brood  too  much,  to 
puzzle  too  hard.  ^ 

Ausgriibeln  {sep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  devise  a  plan;  to  meditate;   to  reflect 
upon;  to  ascertain;  to  cease  racking  one's  brains. 

Nachgrubeln  {sep.),  to  muse,  to  ponder,  to  meditate,  to  brood  over; 
to  investigate. 

tibergriibeln  {sep.),  to  muse  to  excess,  to   ponder   over  and  over 
again. 

GRUWDEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  griindete,  gegriindet,  to  found,  to  estab- 
lish, to  institute,  to  create;  to  found,  ground,  or  base  one's  judg- 
ment (upon  something);  to  speculate;  to  center  in;  to  be  attribu- 
table to  something. 

Begriinden  {tr.,  ace,  hab.,  *),  to  form,  to  establish,  to  found;  to  con- 
solidate;   to  justify.     Es  ist  begriindet  auf,  it  is  founded  upon. 

Entgriinden  {tr.,  ace),  to  unfound,  to  dissolve,  to  liquidate. 

Ergriinden  {tr.,  ace),  to  sound,  to  fathom;  to  ascertain  the  depth  of; 
to  dive  (deep  into);  to  sift;  scrutinize;  to  find  out,  to  discover; 
to  unravel;  to  investigate. 
GRUSSEN  {tr.,  ace),  griisste,  gegriisst,  to  salute,  to  greet,  to  welcome; 
to  hail;  to  exchange  greetings;  to  bid  one  good-morning,  good-day, 
good-evening;  to  bow  to  a  person ;  to  speak  to. 

Begriissen  {tr.,  ace),  to  salute,  to  hail,  to  cheer;  to  take  one's  hat  off 
to;  to  bow  or  speak  to;  to  wish  a  person  a  good-day;  to  hail. 

GUCKEN  {tr.,  dat.,  ace,  refl.,  intr.),  guckte,  geguckt,  to  look  at,  to  gaze 

at,  to  peer  into;   to  pry  (into  something).    Zu  tief  ins  Glasgucken, 

to  drink  too  much.     Guckeln,  to  peep,  to  gaze,  to  look,  to  peer. 

Abgucken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  learn  by  looking  on,  by  observing;  to 

catch  a  thing  from  some  one. 


I 


Regular    Verbs.  127 


H. 

HABEN  {auxiliary  verb),  hatte,  gehabt  (see   haben,  list  of  irregular 

verbs)  (takes  haben). 
HACKEN  (tr.,  ace),  hackte,  gehackt,  to  hack,  to  hoe,  to  chop,  to 

pick,  to  tap,  to  hew;    to  hash,  to  mince;    to  cleave. 
Abhacken  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  chop  off,  to  cut  down;  to  behead,  to 

decapitate. 
Anhacken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  adhere,  to  hang  around,  to  stick,  to 

cleave,  to  cling;  to  peck. 
Aufhacken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  hoe,  to  grub  up,  to  split,  to  pick,  to 

peck,  to  cleave  into. 
Zerhacken  {tr.,  ace),  to  cut  or  chop  into,  to  cut  up,  to  hash,  to  mince, 

to  hack;  mutilate. 
HAPTEN  {intr.,    hab.,  dat.),  haftete,  gehaftet,  to   cling,  to  cleave, 

to  stick,  to    adhere,    to    remain;    to  rest;    to    answer   for;    to   be 

surety  or  bail;    to  be  liable  (personally). 
Anhaften  (intr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  adhere,  to  inhere,  to  cohere,  to  cling, 

to  stick  on. 
Behaften  {tr.,  intr.,  ace,  *),  to  be  attached  or  fixed,  to  adhere,  to 

stick,  to  take  possession  of. 
Verhaften  {tr.,  ace),  to  arrest  a  person,  to  apprehend,  to  mortgage, 

to  fix,  to  seize. 
HAGELN  {imp.,  tr.,  intr.),  hagelte,   gehagelt,  to  hail,  to  shower. 
HALLEN  {tr.,  intr.),  halite,  gehallt,   to  resound,  to  ring,  to  echo,  to 

sound. 
Erhallen  {intr.,  *)    (erklingen),    to   resound,    to    echo,  to    ring,    to 

sound;  to  blow. 
Nachhallen   {sep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  resound,  to  re-echo,  to  reverberate. 
Umhallen  {tr.,  ace),  to  resound,  to  re-echo,  to  be  surrounded  by 

sound. 
Verhallen  {intr.,  *),  to  die  away,  to  fade  away,  to  become  extinct, 

to  resound  lingeringly. 
Widerhallen    {sep.,    tr.,   intr.),  to  resound,  to  be  re-echoed,  to  re- 
echo;   to  respond;    to  reflect. 
HANDELN    {intr.,    refl.,    imp.),    handelte,    gehandelt,   to    act;    to 

proceed;   to  behave;   to  conduct;    to  trade;    to  do;    to  be  at  stake; 

to  beat  down,  to  abate  (the  price  of  a  thing).     E*  handelt  sich  um, 

the  question  is,  whether. 
Abhandeln  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  treat;    to  settle,  to  negotiate;    to  dis- 
cuss, to  debate,  to  speak. 
Aufhandeln  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  trade  up  things;  to  buy  certain  old 

objects. 


128  Regular   Verbs. 

Aushandeln  (/r.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  shut  up  shop,  to  give  up  business, 
to  retire  from  business;    to  conclude;    to  strike  (a  bargain). 

Behandeln  (/r.,  ace),  to  treat,  to  handle;  manage;  serve;  use;  to 
discuss;  to  work,  to  manipulate;  to  do,  to  execute;  to  bargain,  to 
chaffer;  to  attend. 

Mithandeln  (intr.,  sep.),  to  join  in  buying,  to  trade  with. 

Verhandeln  (/r.,  ace,  intr.),  to  negotiate;    to  debate,  to  argue,  to 
discuss;   to  try  a  case,  to  plead. 
HANGEW    {tr.,    ace,    reft.)    (see    irregular    verb    hangen,    page    39), 
hangte,  gehangt,  to  hang,  to  hang  up,  to  suspend,  to  attach. 

The  reg.  verb  hangen  (tr.,  hah.),  hdngte,  gehangt,  to  hang,  to 
hang  up,  to  execute  a  person  by  hanging,  etc.,  only  differs  from  the 
irreg.  verb  hangen  (tr.,  intr.,  *  hah.),  hing,  gehangen,  in  the  sense 
of  hanging  loose,  being  suspended,  by  an  "  Umlaut'^  (a)  to  the  in- 
finitive of  the  former.  They  are  otherwise  the  same.  They  are 
alike  in  the  second  persons  singular  of  the  present,  hdngst,  and  in 
the  third  persons,  hdngt;  they  are  also  alike  in  the  present  of  the 
subjunctives,  hdngest,  hdnge. 

Anhangen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  hang  up;  to  suspend;  to  annex,  to 
append;  to  connect;  to  hook  on, 

Aufhangen  (tr.,  reft.,  sep.),  to  hang  up;  to  put  up;  to  hang  out 
linen,  etc.;  to  hang  a  person. 

Aushangen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  hang  out;  to  be  put  up,  to  be  exhibited 
for  sale;    to  post. 

Behangen  (tr.,  ace),  to  hang  or  cover  with  a  thing;  to  attire,  to 
deck,  to  adorn,  to  drape. 

Erhangen  (tr.,  reft.),  to  hang;  to  hang  oneself,  to  commit  suicide  by 
hanging. 

Forthangen  (tr.,  ace,  intr.,  sep.),  to  hang  away;  to  suspend  for  a 
time  being;    to  put  a-^ay. 

tJberhangen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put,  to  throw  over,  to  cover  over. 

Umhangen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.,  intr.,  insep.),  to  hang;  to  decorate;  to 
furnish;    to  put  on,  to  throw  ov^r. 

Verhangen  (tr.,  ace),  to  decree;  to  cover,  to  veil;  to  inflict  a  penalty; 
to  entangle. 
HARMEN  (tr.,  ace,  reft.),  harmte,  geharmt,  to  take  to  heart,  to 
grieve,  to  worry,  to  droop,  to  sorrow. 

Abharmen  (reft.,  sep.),  to  pine  away,  to  fret,  to  be  careworn. 

Anharmen  (reft.,  sep.),  to  become  melancholy,  to  allow  oneself  to  be 
grieved;    to  worry. 

HARREN  (intr.,  hah.,  gen.),  harrte,  geharrt,  to  persevere,  to  wait  pa- 
tiently;  to  stay,  to  remain,  to  wait,  to  abide;   to  hope,  to  expect. 
Ausharren  (irUr.,  hah.,  sep.),  to  hold  out,  to  stand  fast;  to  bear  up 
against  misfortune. 


Regular    Verbs.  129 

Beharren  {inir.,  hob.,  gen.),  to  insist  on,  to  maintain  one's  statement, 

to  be  steadfast,  to  continue. 
Verharren  {intr.,   hob.),  to   abide,  to  dwell,  to  remain,  to  continue; 

to  persist  in  one's  opinion. 
HARTEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  refl.),  hartete,  gehartet,  to  harden,  to  in- 
durate;  to  temper;   to  make  hard. 
Abharten  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  inure,  to  make  strong,  callous;  to  train 

oneself  to  be  storm-proof. 
Verharten  (refl.,  tr.,  intr.,  hah.,  *),  to  obdurate,  to  indurate,  to  grow 

hard,  to  harden  oneself. 
HASCHEN  {tr.,  refl.,  ace.,  intr.),  haschte,  gehascht,  to  catch,  to  snatch; 

to  aim;   to  play  at  (catching);   to  run  to  catch  each  other. 
Erhaschen  {tr.,  ace),  to  grasp,  to  gripe;  to  snatch  up,  to  lay  hold 

on,  to  seize. 
Nachhaschen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  snatch  after  one,  to  try  to  catch  one, 

to  lay  hold. 
HASSEN  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  hasste,  gehasst,  to  hate,  to  abhor,  to  detest, 

to  loathe,  to  spite;    to  be  averse  to;    to  hate  each  other. 
Anhassen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  despise  one's  look,  to  detest  one;    to 

cause  hatred  behind  one's  back  (verachten). 
Verhassen  {tr.,  ace),  to  make  one  odious,  obnoxious,  loathsome; 

to  aim  to  make  one  unpopular. 
HAUEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  haute,  gehaut  {used  reg.  and  irreg.),  to  strike 

(a  blow) ;  to  fight,  to  beat.      For  hauen,  to  cut,  to  hew,  to  chop,  etc., 

see  list  of  irregular  verbs,  page  39. 
Aushauen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  sculpture;  to  hollow,  to  dig,  to  exca- 
vate; to  mortise;    to  lop  off;    carve. 
Behauen  {tr.,  ace),  to  cut,  to  chip,  to  hew;  to  dress;  to  rough. 
Verhauen  {tr.,  ace),  to  thrash;  to  cut  badly;  to  injure  by  knocking; 

to  lop  oflf. 
HEFTEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  heftete,  geheftet,  to  tack;    to  fasten,  to 

stick;  to   aflSx,   to  attach;  to  stitch;  to  sew;  to   pin;    to  hook;  to 

nail. 
Anheften  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  stitch  on,  to  sew  on;    to  fix,  to  attach 

to;   to  placard. 
Aufheften  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  pile  up;   to  attach  documents  together. 
Beiheften  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  add;   to  join  things,  to  subjoin;   to  add 

by  sewing. 
Einheften  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  stitch,  to  sew  together,  to  baste;    to 

tack  together;    to  file;   to  fold. 
Festheften  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  fix,  to  tack  together,  to  subjoin 

firmly;  to  baste,  to  sew  up. 
Zuheften  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  sew  up,  to  patch  up,  to  stitch  up;  to  file 

or  fold  together. 

9 


130  RegularVerbs. 

Zusammenheften  (/r.,  ace,  sep.),  to  join  together,  to  stitch  together; 
to  file  or  fold  together. 

HEILEN  (/r.,  intr.,  *),  heilte,  geheilt,  to  be  cured,  to  heal  up,  to  close 

(a  wound);    to  cure,  to  effect  a  cure;  to  doctor  up;  to  remove  (an 

evil) ;  to  rectify,  to  correct. 
Ausheilen  (/r.,  intr.,  sep.,  refl.),  to  cure  or  heal  thoroughly;  to  become, 

to  be  cured  effectively. 
Zuheilen  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  heal  up,  to  heal  over;    to  skin  over;    to 

cicatrize. 
HEIRATHEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  intr.),  heirathete,  geheirathet,  to  marry, 

to  get  married,  to  wed,  to  espouse;    to  take  a  wife  or  a  husband; 

to  give  one's  hand  in  marriage.    Sie  haben  geheirathet,  they  have 

tied  the  nuptial  knot. 
Verheirathen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  give  away  in  marriage;  to  marry;  to 

be  or  get  married;  to  tie  together.    Sie  hat  ihre  Tochter  verheirathet, 

she  married  her  daughter  (to) . 
Wiederhefrathen  (sep.),  to  remarry,  to  marry  again,  to  be  reunited 

in  marriage,  to  contract  a  second  marriage. 

HERRSCHEN  (intr.,  imp.,  hah.),  herrschte,  geherrscht,  to  rule,  to 

reign,   to  dominate,  to  govern,  to    command;    to  hold    sway;    to 

wield  the  scepter;  to  prevail;  to  be  predominant;  to  be  in  vogue; 

to  rage  (a  disease). 
Anherrschen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  talk  to  a  person  in  an  imperious  tone; 

to  reprimand,  to  rebuke. 
Beherrschen  (refl.,  tr.,  ace),  to  domineer  over,  to  govern,  to  ride, 

to  rule;  to  restrain,  to  subdue. 
Umherrschen  (tr.,  ace),  to  be  master  over,  to  govern  over  a  certain 

district. 
HEULEN  (intr.,  hah.),  heulte,  geheult,  to  howl,  to  yell,  to  roar,  to  bawl; 

to  scream;  to  moan;  to  cry;  to  toot;  to  whine;  to  brawl,  to  yawl. 
Anheulen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  howl  at,  to  scream  at,  to  halloo,  to  hoot 

at;  to  reprimand. 
Ausheulen  (intr.,  hah.,  sep.),  to  cease  howling,  to  cry  out,  to  shout 

out;  to  disparage. 

HINDERN  (tr.y  imp.,  ace),  hinderte,  gehindert,  to  prevent,  to  hinder, 
to  impede;  to  preclude;  to  arrest;  to  prohibit;  to  detain;  to  de- 
lay; to  cross,  to  thwart;  to  encumber;  to  abstract;  to  bar,  to  bar- 
ricade;   to  block  (up);    to  embarrass, 

Behindern  (tr.,  ace),  to  intercept,  to  thwart,  to  restrain  from,  to 
suppress,  to  obstruct. 

Verhindem  (tr.,  ace),  to  prevent,  to  hinder,  to  interfere  with;  to 
blight  prospects. 

HITZEN  (tr.),  hitzte,  gehitzt,  to  give  heat,  to  cause  heat  to;  to  make 
hot;  to  warm. 


Regular    Verbs.  131 

Erhitzen  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  become  heated,  to  get  hot  or  warm;   to 
inflame,  to  excite;  to  incite;  to  exult,  enrapture,  to  enthuse;  to  heat. 
Verhitzen  {tr.,  refl.),  to  overheat. 

HOFFEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  hoffte,  gehofift,  to  hope,  to  expect,  to  anti- 
cipate;   to  promise;    to  trust;    to  wait;    to  be  hopeful;    to  flatter 
oneself  with  the  expectation  of. 
Erhoffen  {tr.,  ace),  to  anticipate,  to  hope  for,  to  desire,  to  be  eager, 

to  look  forward  to. 
Weiterhoffen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  hope  on,  to  extend  confidence,  to 
anticipate  further  hope  in. 

HORCHEN  {tr.,  dat.,  ace,  intr.),  horchte,  gehorcht,  to  listen,  to 
hearken,  to  hear,  to  lend  one's  ear  to;  to  pay  attention;  to  be  atten- 
tive;  to  catch  (a  word). 

Abhorchen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  spy,  to  listen  hushingly,  to  watch,  to 
wait  for,  to  waylay. 

Anhorchen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  listen  to,  to  hear  out,  to  give  one's 
attention  to. 

Aufhorchen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  give  ear,  to  lend  an  ear,  to  stand  listening. 

Aushorchen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  sound  a  person,  to  draw  him  out, 
to  worm  out  a  secret;  to  examine. 

Gehorchen  {intr.,  dat.),  to  obey,  to  take  counsel,  to  mind;  to  be 
good. 

tjberhorchen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  overhear  a  remark  or  word;  not  to 
understand,  to  miss  something. 

HOREN  {tr.,  dat.,  ace,  intr.,  refl.),  horte,  gehort,  to  hear,  to  listen, 

to  lend  ear  to,  to  obey,  to  pay  attention;   to  understand;   to  attend 

(lectures).     Jemandem  Beichte  horen,  to  hear  a  person's  confession. 
Abhoren  {tr.,  ace,   sep.),  to  examine,  to  witness,  to  ascertain  by 

hearing;    to  audit. 
Anhoren  {tr.,  ace,  imp.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  listen,  to  harken  to,  to  hear 

out;  to  perceive. 
Angehoren  {sep.,  dat.,  tr.),  to  belong  to;    to  be  related  to;   it  dates 

from. 
Aufhoren  {intr.,  sep.),  to  cease,  to  discontinue,  to  have  done  with,  to 

end,  to  finish;  forbear. 
Aushoren  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  hear  through,  to  hear  out,  to  listen  to 

one  without  interruption. 
Gehoren  {intr.,  hah.,  dat.),  to  belong  to;   to  own;  to  be  possessor  of. 

Es  gehort  sich,  it  is  becoming,  suitable,  right,  fit. 
tjberhoren  {tr.,  ace,  insep.),  to  miss  hearing,  not  to  hear;  to  repeat 

a  lesson,  to  hear  one's  task. 
Verhoren  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  examine;  to  interrogate;  to  cross-examine; 

to  try  a  person;   to  take  evidence. 


132  Regular   Verbs. 

Zuhoren  {tr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  hearken,  to  listen  attentively,  to  lend 

an  ear,  to  be  all  listening. 
Zusammengehoren  {intr.,  hah.,  sep.),  to  be  one,  to  be  a  pair,  to  be 

fellows. 

HULDIGEN  (/r.,  intr.,  dat.),  huldigte,  gehuldigt,  to  pay  or  render 
homage;  to  swear;  to  love;  to  give  a  person  an  oath  of  allegiance; 
to  court;    to  pay  attention;    to  respect;    to  pay  tribute. 

HtJLLEN  {tr.,  ace),  htillte,  gehiillt,  to  wrap,  to  envelop,  to  involve, 

to  cover,  to  veil. 
Einhiillen  {tr.,  ref,.,  sep.),  to  wrap  around,  to  pack  or  bundle  up, 

to  truss,  to  enwrap,  to  hide,  to  cover. 
Enthiillen  {tr.,  dat.,  ace),  to  uncover,  to  unclose,  to  disclose,  to  lay 

open,  to  reveal,  to  unfold,  unveil. 
Umhiillen  {tr.,  ace),  to  wrap  up,  to  envelop,  to  cover,  to  muffle,  to 

enshroud,  to  protect;   case. 
Verhiillen  {tr.,  ace),  to  hide,  to  wrap  up,  to  cover,  to  veil,  to  cloak, 

to  mask,  to  conceal. 
HUNGERN  {imp.,  intr.,  reft.),  hungerte,  gehungert,  to  be  hungry, 

to  starve,  to  famish;   to  fast;   to  be  on  a  low  diet;   to  diet  oneself; 

to  be  greedy  (after  something).    Sich  zu  Tode  hungem,  to  starve 

oneself  to  death. 
Abhungem  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  starve  one,  to  keep  one  hungry. 
Aushungem  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  reduce  by  famine  or  hunger  into  sur- 
render; to  follow  a  fasting  cure. 
Verhungem  {intr.,  *),  to  die  of  hunger  or  starvation,  to  be  on  the 

verge,  hunger-death. 

HtJPFEN  {intr.,  hah.,  *),  hiipfte,  gehiipft,  to  hop,  to  skip,  to  bounce, 

to  leap,  to  spring,  jump, 
Abhiipfen  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  hop  away,  to  jump  off,  to  disappear 

lightly. 
Anhiipfen  {intr.,  *  sep^,  to  approach  hopping,  to  reach  a  place  by 

jumping;  to  get  to  a  place. 
Aufhiipfen  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  bound  up,  to  jump  up,  to  bounce,  to 

leap;  to  dance. 
Aushtipfen  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  run  away,  to  jump  out,  to  leap  off. 
Beihiipfen  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  spring  to,  to  hasten  to,  to  jump  to. 
Forthiipfen  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  escape,  to  run  away,  to  skip  away,  to 

take  leave  quietly. 
Herbeihupfen  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  hasten  to;  to  jump  to  a  person,  to 

spring  quickly  to  one. 
Nachhiipfen  {intr.,  dat.,  *  sep.),  to  run  after,  to  chase,  to  pursue  a 

person  by  leaping. 
Zuhiipfen  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  spring  quickly  to  one,  to  hasten  to,  to  run  to. 


Regular   Verbs.  133 

Zuriickhiipfen  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  turn  or  jump  back,  to  hasten  back  or 

return  quickly. 
HUSTEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  hustete,    gehustet,  to   have  a   cough;    to 

bark.     Jemandem   die   Ohren   vollhusten,  to  annoy   a    person    by 

coughing.     Ich   werde    Ihnen   etwas    husten,    catch    me    doing  it. 

Sich  zu  Tode  husten,    to  cough  oneself  almost  to  death. 
Aufhusten  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  to  cough  in  clearing  the  throat,  to  cough 

aloud. 
Aushusten  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  expectorate,  to  cease  coughing, 

to  clear  one's  throat. 
HtJTEN  (tr.,  ace,  refl.),  hiitete,  gehiitet,  to  tend,  to  guard,  to  watch 

over,  to  keep,  to  mind,  to  take  care;   to  be  on  one's  guard;   to  use 

caution. 
Behiiten  {tr.,  ace),  to  guard,  to  take  heed,  to  care,  to  protect,  to 

shield,  to  preserve.      Gott  behiite,  God  forbid,  Heaven  forbid,  may 

the  Lord   prevent  it. 
Verhiiten  {tr.,  ace),  to  prevent,  to  avoid,  to  ward  off,  to  preserve, 

to  forestall. 


IGNORIREN  {tr.,  ace),  ignorirte,  ignorirt,  to  be  ignorant  of;    to 

ignore;  not  to  know;  to  take  no  notice  of,  to  pass  over;  to  overlook; 

to  turn  the  cold  shoulder  to  (see  iibersehen). 
IMITIREN  {tr.,  ace),  imitirte,  imitirt,  to  imitate  (see  nachahmen). 
IMMATRIKULIREN  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  immatrikulirte,  immatriku- 

lirt,  to  enroll;  to  matriculate  (see  einschreiben). 
IMPFEN  {tr.,  dat.,  ace),  impfte,  geimpft,  to  inoculate,  to  vaccinate;  to 

ingraft,  to  graft.     Pocken  impfen,  to  inoculate  a  person  for  small- 
pox. 
Einimpfen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  inoculate  a  person  with  a  virus  of  a 

disease;    to  ingraft;    to  vaccinate. 
IMPONIREN  {intr.,  hah.,  dat.),  imponirte,  imponirt,  to  produce  an 

impression  on  a  person;   to  fill   a  person   with  respect;   to  strike 

one  with  awe;  to  command  one's  respect;  to  baffle  one  (Eindruck 

machen). 
INFIZIREN  {tr.,  ace),  infizirte,  infizirt,  to  infect,  to  attaint,  to  be 

contagious  (see  anstecken). 
INFORMIREN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  informirte,  informirt,  to  gather,  to 

collect  information,  to  inform;  to  instruct  (see  mittheilen) . 
INSPIZIREN  {tr.,  ace),  inspizirte,  inspizirt,  to  examine;   to  survey; 

to  inspect;  to  superintend  (see  besichtigen). 
INTERESSIREN  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  interessirte,  interessirt,  to  concern, 

to  interest;  to  enlist  a  person's  sympathies  (teilnehmen). 


134  Regular    Verbs. 

IRREN  (intr.,  refl.,  acc.)y  irrte,  geirrt,  to  rove,  wander,  stray;   to  be 

in  error,  to  commit  an  error;  to  make  a  mistake;  to  be  in  the  wrong; 

to  go  amiss;    to  stagger;    to  be  puzzled;    to  be  perplexed;    to  be 

misled;  to  be  at  fault. 
Beirren  (/r.,  ace),  to  confuse,  to  abash,  to  confound;  to  get  troubled, 

disconcerted. 
Verirren  {refl.,  hah.,  intr.,  *),  to  lose  one's  way,  to  go  astray;   to  err; 

to  get  bewildered;  to  lose  oneself,  to  be  lost. 
ISOLIREN  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  isolirte,  isolirt,  to  quarantine,  to  isolate; 

to  insulate;    to  cut  oneself  adrift  (absondern). 


J. 

JAGEN  {tr.,  reft.,  dat.,  ace,  intr.),  jagte,  gejagt,  to  hunt,  to  chase,  to 

drive,  to  hurry,  to  pursue,  gallop. 
Abjagen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.),  to  overdrive,  to  override,  to  jade,  to  leave 

off  hunting,  to  drive  away. 
Ausjagen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.),  to  chase  out;  to  press  a  person  hard 

or  close;  to  indulge  one's  mirth  without  restraint. 
Erjagen  {tr.,  ace),  to  trap,  to  gain,  to  attain,  to  bag;    to  run  after 

honors;   to  obtain. 
Fortjagen  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  *  sep.),  to  drive  away,  to  chase  away,  to 

turn  olf,  to  expel,  to  discard. 
Herausjagen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  drive  thither;    to  expel  a  person; 

to  chase  out. 
Nachjagen  {intr.,  *  sep.,  tr.,  dat.),  to  chase  after,  to  try  hard  to  ob- 
tain something,  to  pursue,  to  hunt  for. 
Uberjagen  {tr.,  ace),  to  catch  one,  to  hasten,  to  precipitate,  to  jade, 

to  outride. 
Verjagen  {tr.,  ace),  to  hide  away,  to  expel,  to  dislodge,  to  rout, 

to  put  to  flight. 
Zuriickjagen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  drive  or  speed  back,  to  try  hard 

to  return,  to  pursue  in  haste. 
JAMMERN  {intr.,  tr.,  ace,  reft.),  jammerte,  gejammert,  to  lament, 

to  wail,  to  whine;  to  cry;  to  groan;  to  complain. 
Bejammem  {tr.,  ace),  to  lament,  to  deplore;  to  bewail. 
Verjammem  {tr.,  intr.,  *),  to  spend  (one's  life)  in  grieving  or  in 

vain  regret;  to  be  consumed  with  grief. 
JAUCHZEN  {dat.,  intr.),  jauchzte,  gejauchzt,  to  exult,  to  cheer,  to 

jubilate,  to  shout  out  with  joy. 
Auf  jauchzen  {intr.,  hah.,  sep.),  to  utter  a  shout  of  joy,  of  triumph, 

of  exultation;  to  shout. 


Regular    Verbs.  135 

Ausjauchzen  (/r.,  intr.,  refl.,  sep.),    to   cease  rejoicing  or  shouting; 

to  proclaim  in  joy,  to  shout  in  superhappiness. 
Erjauchzen  (intr.),  to  burst  into  shouting,  to  allow  one's  heart  to 

burst  out  in  joy  (erjubeln). 
Mitjauchzen  {intr.,  hub.,  sep.),  to  rejoice  with  one,  to  join  in  shout- 
ing, to  utter  shouts  together  with  others. 
Zujauchzen  (dat.,  intr.,  hah.,  sep.),  to  cheer,  to  acclaim,  to  hurrah,  to 
welcome  a  person  with  acclamations. 
JOHLEN  {intr.,  hab.),  johlte,  gejohlt,  to  howl,  to  hoot,  to  bawl,  to  roar. 
JUBELN  {intr.,  tr.),  jubelte,  gejubelt,  to  rejoice,  to  exult;  to  triumph; 
to  carol  forth;  to  lead  a  merry  and  jolly  life;  to  be  cheerful,  happy. 
Verjubeln  {tr.,  intr.),  to  spend  in  merriment  or  jubilation;  to  throw 
away  one's  money  in  foolishness. 
JUCKEN   {intr.,  hab.,  dat.,  ace,   imp.),  juckte,  gejuckt,  to  itch;  to 
bum;    to    scratch    oneself.      Es    juckt   mich  unter  der  Haut,  m.y 
skin  itches.    Die  Zunge  juckt  ihm,  he  is  eager  to  speak.     Die  Haut 
juckt  ihm,  he  wants  a  thrashing. 


KAMPFEN  (/r.,  ace,  intr.),  kampfte,  gekampft,  to  wrestle,  to  com- 
bat, to  contend,  to    scufHe,    fight,  conflict,  to    struggle,  to    battle. 

Schulter   an    Schulter   kampfen,    to  fight  for  one   cause,   to  fight 

together,  to  be  comrades  in  war. 
Ankampfen   {intr.,  sep.),  to  struggle,  to  strive,  to  compete  with,  to 

struggle  against,  to  contest. 
Auskampfen  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  sep.),  to  cease  fighting,  to  fight  it  out, 

to  arrange,  to  fix  up  matters. 
Bekampfen  {tr.,  ace),  to  combat,  to  vanquish,  to  subdue,  to  strive 

against,  to  oppose,  strife. 
Erkampfen  {tr.,  reft.,  ace),  to  gain  by  fighting,  to  obtain  by  struggling, 

to  strive  through,  to  get  to  victory  by  struggle. 
Fortkampfen  {intr.,   hab.,  sep.),  to  continue  in  fight,  to  keep  on 

struggling;  to  insist  in. 
Mitkampfen  {intr.,  hab.,  sep.),  to  fight  along,  to  join  in  combat  or 

struggle,  to  take  part  in  war. 
Umkampfen  {tr.,  intr.),  to  fight  down,  to  struggle  all  around. 
KAUFEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  refl.),  kaufte,  gekauft,  to  buy,  to  purchase, 

to  get,  to  trade,  to  take,  to  deal. 
Abkaufen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  get  from,  to  buy  of,  to  purchase  a  thing 

from  a  person,  to  purchase  from. 
Ankaufen  {tr.,  reft.,  sep.),  to  acquire,  to  take  up,  to  purchase,  to  settle 

down,  to  take  possession. 


136  Regular   Verbs. 

Auskaufen  (tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  buy  up,  to  make  the  most  of,  to 

use  well;    to  outbid;    to  ransom. 
Ausverkaufen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  sell  out,  to  clear  a  shop;    to  run 

off;    to  sell  all. 
Bekaufen  {refl.),  to  get  stuck;    to  take  in  stock;    to  make  a  bad 

bargain;,  to  be  swindled. 
Einkaufen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  purchase,  to  buy,  to  make  a  deal,  to 

shop,  to  go  shopping,  to  market. 
tjberkaufen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  buy  too  dear,  to  pay  too  high  a  price; 

to  ruin   oneself  by  buying. 
Verkaufen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  sell,  to  dispose  of,  to  part  with,  to  vend, 

to  clear  out. 
Ziiriickkaufen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  buy  back,  to  repurchase;    to  re- 
gain, to  get  possession  again. 
KEHREN  {tr.,  dat.,  ace,  intr.,  refl.),  kehrte,  gekehrt,  to  turn,  to  return, 

to  come  back;    to  mind,  regard;    to  care;    to  change  (one's  fate); 

to  sweep;   to   broom,    to   brush;   to  dust,  to  whisk.     Neue  Besen 

kehren  gut,  new  brooms  sweep  well. 
Abkehren  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  turn  away  (off,  aside)  from;   to 

sweep  off;    to  leave  one,  to  turn  an  enemy. 
Aufkehren  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  turn  up,  to  sweep  up;  to  snarl;  to  stamp; 

to  clean  away. 
Auskehren  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  sweep  off,  to  swab,  to  brush  away, 

to  dust  off. 
Bekehren  {refl.,  tr.,  ace),  to  convert;    to   proselyte;    to  reform;    to 

turn;    to  amend;    to  change. 
Einkehren  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  enter,  to  stop,  to  take  up   quarters,  to 

call;  to  repent,  to  amend. 
Umkehren  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  *  refl.,  sep.),  to  return;    to  turn  about, 

to  upset,  to  subvert,  to  turn  round,  revert. 
Verkehren  {intr.,  tr.,  ace),  to  change,  to  pass   and  repass;    to  fre- 
quent, to  visit,  to  associate. 
Wiederkehren  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  return,  to  come  back,  to  repeat  itself, 

to  recur,  to  take  place  again. 
Zuriickkehren  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  come  back,  to  return,  to  visit,  to 

sojourn  again,  to  see  again. 
KETTEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  kettete,  gekettet,  to  join,  to  chain,  to  fasten 

to  tie,  to  link,  to  bind;   to  attach  oneself  to. 
Anketten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  fasten  with  a  chain,  to  chain  up,  to  en- 
chain, to  shackle  up. 
Einketten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  hook  on  a  chain,  to  put  in  fetters,  to 

put  one  in  irons,  to  chain. 
Uberketten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  chain   over,  to  fasten  over,  to  link 

together. 


Regular    Verbs.  137 

Umketten  {tr.,  ace),  to  bind  together,  to  surround,  to  bind  round 

with  chains,  to  tie  up, 
Verketten  {tr.,  reft.,  ace),  to  link  to,  to  couple,  to  concatenate,  to 

connect,  to  unite,  to  bind. 
Zusammenketten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  tie  together,  to  link  together, 

to  concatenate,  to  chain  one  to  another. 

KEUCHEN  {intr.,  hab.),  keuchte,  gekeucht,  to  pant,  to  gasp,  to 
blow,  to  wheeze,  to  be  asthmatical. 

Verkeuchen  {reft.),  to  expire,  to  stop  for  breath,  to  breathe,  to  wind, 
to  recover  breath. 
KITZELN  {tr.,  imp.,  reft.,  ace),  kitzelte,  gekitzelt,  to  tickle;  to  itch; 

to  titillate. 
KLAFFEN  {intr.,  hah.,*),  klaffte,  geklafft,  to  split;  to  yawn;  to  gape. 
KLAGEN  {tr.,  ace,  reft.,  intr.),  klagte,  geklagt,  to  lament,  to  com- 
plain, to  sigh,  to  mourn,  to  weep,  despair;    to  complain  of  indis- 
position; to  go  into  court,  to  go  to  law;   to  sue  a  person. 

Anklagen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.,  gen.),  to  accuse,  to  charge  one  vdih, 
to  denounce,  to  inform  against  one. 

Ausklagen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  lament,  to  sue,  to  prosecute,  to  take 
legal  action,  to  proceed  against. 

Beklagen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  to  pity,  to  complain  of,  to  deplore,  to  weep 
for,  to  deprecate,  to  regret. 

Erklagen  {tr.,  ace),  to  obtain  by  plaints,  to  get  by  lawsuits,  to  get 
a  thing  by  entreaties. 

Nachklagen  {intr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  lament  to  death,  to  imitate  a  per- 
son's complaints,  to  mourn  after. 

Verklagen  {tr.,  ace),  to  sue  a  person,  to  prosecute,  to  proceed  against, 
to  accuse. 

Wehklagen  {intr.,  insep.),  to  lament,  to  wail,  to  moan,  to  groan, 
to  be  full  of  aches  and  pains. 

KLAMMERN  {tr.,  reft.,  ace),  klammerte,  geklammert,  to  clasp,  to 

clamp,  to  clinch,  to  rivet,  to  fasten. 
Anklammem  {tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.),  to  cling  to,  to  fasten  with  pegs, 

to  take  a  fast  hold  of;  to  grapple. 
Entklammem  {tr.,  ace),  to  untie,  to  unfasten,  to  loosen  or  open 

a  thing. 
Festklammem  {tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.),  to  clamp  together,  to  fasten 

with  clamp-irons,  to  tie  oneself. 
Umklaminem  {tr.,  insep.,  ace),  to  embrace,  to  clasp  closely;    to 

grasp;   to  seize  hold  of,  to  entwine. 

KLAPPEN  {intr.,  tr.,  reft.),  klappte,  geklappt,  to  clap;  to  click;  to 
clatter;  to  flap;  to  work  well;  to  fit;  to  turn  or  spring  up;  to  slap 
or  spank  (a  child). 


138  Regular    Verbs. 

Abklappen  (/r.,  ace,  intr.,  sep.),  to  let  down   the  leaf  of  (a  table); 

to  let  down  the  flaps  of  (a  hat) ;  to  die. 
Aufklappen  (/r.,  sep.^  *  intr.),  to  turn  up  the  brim  of;  to  put  up  the 

leaves  of;  to  open;   to  unclasp;  to  awaken  by  clapping;  to  fly  open 

(with  a  bang) ;  to  fall  with  a  noise  or  clapping. 
Umklappen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  double  up  or  back;    to  turn  up  or 

down  (umf alien  or  umsinken). 
Ztiklappen  (Jr.,  ace,  intr.,  *),  to  close  with  a  snap;   to  bang  or  slam; 

to  shut  up;  to  double  (a  knife). 
KLAPPERN  {intr.,  hah.),  klapperte,  geklappert,  to  rattle;  to  clink; 

to  clatter;  to  stump  or  come  rattling  downstairs. 
KLAREN  {tr.,  refl.),  klarte,  geklart,  to  clarify;  to  settle;  to  clear;  to 

cleanse;  to  clean,  purify;  to  defecate;  to  dissolve. 
Aufklaren  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  clear  up;   to  uncloud;   to   grow 

bright,  to  turn  fair;    to  enlighten,  instruct,  inform;    to  give  a  clear 

insight  into;   to  distinguish;   to  clear  up;   to  dissolve;   to  become 

civilized,  intelligent. 
Erklaren  {tr.,  refl.,  dat.,  ace),  to  account  for;  to  declare;  to  explain; 

to  interpret;  to  assert;   to  vow;  to  stipulate;  to  reveal;  to  confess; 

to  pronounce;  to  profess;  to  solve. 
Verklaren  {tr.,  refl.),  to  become  effulgent;   to  transfigure,  glorify;  to 

hallow.     Ein  verklartes  Aussehen  haben,  to  look  radiant. 
KLATSCHEN  {tr.,  intr.,  dat.,  ace,  imp.),  klatschte,  geklatscht,  to 

flap;  to  pop;  to  lap;    to  speak;    to  applaud,  to  clap  one's  hands; 

to  gossip;    to  crate;  to  tell  tales,  to  slander.     Es  regnet  dass  es 

klatscht,  the  rain  splashes.    Jemandem  die  Wange  klatschen,  to  slap 

a  person's  cheek. 
BeMatschen  {tr.,  ace),  to  calumniate  a  person;   to  gossip  about;  to 

applaud  one. 
Verklatschen  {tr.,  ace),  to  defame  a  person;  to  spend  (in  gossiping). 

KLEBEN  {tr.,  dat.,  ace,  intr.),  klebte,  geklebt,  to  adhere,  to  stick,  to 

cleave,  to  attach,  to  fasten  (with  glue,  gum,  paste). 
Abkleben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  stick,  to  soil,  to  tarnish,  to  give  off. 
Ankleben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  paste,  to  glue,  to  gum,  to  stick,  to  post, 

to  adhere. 
Aufkleben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  paste  on,  to  stick  up,  to  put  a  plaster 

on;  to  mount. 
Auskleben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  paper,  to  paste  over,  to  fill  up,  to  stop  up. 
Bekleben  {tr.,  ace),  to  cover  or  to  line  with,  to  paper,  to  label,   to 

placard. 
tJberkleben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  paste  over,  to  glue  over,  to  cover,  to 

stick  up.       • 
Umkleben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.,  insep.),  to  stick  in  another  place,  to  glue 

around,  to  fasten,  to  plaster  on. 


I 


Regular    Verbs.  139 

Verkleben  {tr.,  ace),  to  cover,  to  paste  over,  to  glue  up,  to  apply 

ointment,  to  agglutinate. 
Zusammenkleben  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  stick  together,  to  glue  together, 

to  adhere  together. 
KLEIDEN  {tr.,  ace,  o.,  intr.,  refl.),  kleidete,  gekleidet,  to  dress,  to 

fit,  to  be  becoming  to  a  person,  to  attire,  to  clothe,  to  vest;    to 

mount;    to  be  suitable  to.     Sich  geschmackvoll  kleiden,   to  dress 

tastefully.     Es  kleidet,  it   fits,   it   is   becoming,   it   sits   well,   it   is 

suitable. 
Abkleiden  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  undress;    to  plaster  the  walls;   to  par- 
tition; to  untie;  to  take  off  one's  clothes. 
Ankleiden  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  dress,  to  put  on  clothes,  to  attire  a 

person,  to  robe,  to  vest  a  person,  to  change  clothes. 
Auskleiden  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  undress,  to  unrobe,  to   take   off 

clothes,  to  strip;  to  wainscot. 
Bekleiden  {tr.,  ace),  to  deck,  to  trim,  to  clothe,  to  dress;  to  arrange; 

to  incrust;    to  line. 
Entkleiden  {gen.,  tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  unclothe,  to   undress,  to  uncover; 

to  denude;    disease;    divest,  strip. 
Uberkleiden  {tr.,  ace),  to  cover,  to  clothe,  to  drape,  to  hang   over; 

to  adorn,  to  decorate;    to  cover  over  (see  bekleiden). 
Umkleiden  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.,    insep.),  to  change    clothes;    to  decorate, 

to  adorn;    to  invest;    to  dress  oneself. 
Verkleiden  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  disguise,  to  dress  up,  to  mask;    to 

rivet;    to  wainscot;    to  line. 
KLEINERN  {tr.,   ace),  kleinerte,  gekleinert,  to  reduce,  to  make 

small,  to  diminish. 
Verkleinem  {tr.,  ace),  to  diminish,  to  lessen,  to  reduce,  to  dwarf, 

to  make  smaller;   to  disparage. 
Zerkleinern  {tr.,  ace),  to  make  small  pieces  of,  to  cut,  to  split;  to 

pulverize;  to  hack,  chop. 

KLEMMEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  klemmte,  geklemmt,  to  pinch,  to  squeeze; 

to  screw;  to  nip;  to  jam.     For  klemmen,  to  feel  heavy,  oppressed, 

etc.,  see  list  of  irregular  verbs,  page  41. 
Abklemmen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  pinch  off,  squeeze  off.    Sich  den  Finger 

abklemmen,  to  squeeze  off  one's  finger, 
Einklemmen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  squeeze  in,  to  pinch  in,  to  cram  in  or 

into;  to  jam. 
Zuklemmen    {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  close  by  pressing  or  pinching;  to 

squeeze  together. 

KLETTERN  {hab.,  intr.,  *),  kletterte,  geklettert,  to  climb,  to  clamber, 
to  ascend,  to  mount,  to  creep,  to  scramble. 
Abklettern  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  climb  off  or  down,  to  scramble  down, 
to  get  down,  to  descend. 


I40  Regular   Verbs. 

Aufklettem  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  climb  up,  to  scramble,  to  creep  up. 
Erklettem  {tr.,  ace),  to  ascend,  to  get  up,  to  climb  up;   to  scramble 

up;  to  get  over. 
Herabklettem  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  climb  down,  to  get  down,  scramble 

down. 
Herbeiklettem  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to   approach  by  scrambling,  to  come 

near  by  creeping. 
Herunterklettem  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  climb  down,  to  get  down,  to 

scramble  down. 
Hinanklettem  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  climb  up,  to  clamber,   to    toil  to 

the  top  of  a  mountain,  etc. 
Hinzuklettem   (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  approach  by   climbing,   to   come 

near  by  scrambling. 
KLINGELN  {tr.,  ace,  dat.,  imp.,  intr.),  klingelte,  geklingelt,  to  ring, 

to  tinkle,  to  waken,  to  jingle.     Es  klingelt,  there's  the  bell! 
Anklingeln  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  ring  the  bell,  to  ring  a  person  up, 

to  request  to  be  connected  with  a  person  by  phone. 

KLIRREN  {intr.,  hah.),  klirrte,  geklirrt,  to  clatter;  to  clink;  to  clash; 
to  rattle;  to  rouse  a  person  (from  sleep)  by  making  a  clatter. 
Erklirren  {intr.,  *),  to  begin  to  rattle,  to  make  a  sharp  noise. 

KLOPFEN  {tr.,  dat.,  ace,  intr.,  imp.),  klopfte,   geklopft,  to  knock; 
to  bounce;   to  rap;   to  clap;   to  beat,  palpitate;   to  pat  or  tap;   to 
drum  (on  the  table). 
Anklopfen  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  sep.),  to  knock;  to  fasten;  to  rap,  to  beat 

(percussion). 
Ausklopfen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  clean,  to  beat  out;   to  clear;   to  dust; 

to  whip. 
Verklopfen  {tr.,  ace),  to  give  a  thrashing,  to  drub,  to  leather  one; 

to  sell;    to  stop  up  by  knocking. 
Zusammenklopfen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  thrash  one,  to  leather  one. 
KNETEN  {tr.,  ace),  knetete,  geknetet,  to  knead,  break,  impaste;  to 
tread,  to  trample;   to  stamp;   to  work;   to  mould;   to  massage;   to 
shampoo. 
Verkneten  {tr.),  to  mix  something  with  the  dough. 
Zerkneten  {tr.),  to  spoil  by  kneading. 
KNIEEN  (KNIEN)  {hah.,  intr.,  refl.,  *),  kniete,  gekniet,  to  kneel,  to 
be  on  one's  knee,  to  bend,  to  go  down  (on  one's  knees). 
Niederknien  {refl.,  intr.,  hah.,  *),  to  kneel  down,  to  fall  on  one's  knee; 
to  pray. 
KNIRSCHEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  knirschte,  geknirscht,  to  crepitate,  to 

crash;  to  creak;  to  grind  (one's  teeth) ;  to  rage. 
KNISTERN  {intr.,  hah.),  knisterte,  geknistert,  to  crackle;  to  rustle; 
to  grit. 


Regular    Verbs.  141 

KNOPFEN  {tr.,  ace),  knopfte,  geknopft,  to  button;  to  tie;  to  fasten. 
Aufknopfen   {tr.,   sep.,   o.,   refl.),   to  unbosom  oneself;    to  disclose 

freely;  to  unbrace,  to  unbutton. 
Zuknopfen  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.,  o.),  to  button  up;   to  button  (one's  coat); 

to  knot;  to  tie  up. 
KITLTPFEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  kniipfte,  gekniipft,  to  tie,  to  knit,  to  knot, 

to  fasten,   to  unite;    to  strengthen   (friendship);    to  connect. 
Abkniipfen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  untie,  to  loosen,  to  remove,  to  rip  off. 
Ankniipfen  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  knot,  to  fasten,  to  seize,  to  lash,  to 

enter  into,  to  begin,  to  attach. 
Aufkniipfen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to   loosen;    to    untie;   to    bind  up,  to 

knit,  to  tie  up;    to  truss. 
Einknupfen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  wrap  up,  to  envelop,  to  fasten,  to  bind. 
Loskniipfen  {tr.,  sep.,  refl.),  to  untie;  to  free  oneself. 
Verkniipfen  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  unite,  to  knot,  to  connect,  to  involve, 

to  join. 
Zukniipfen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  tie  up,  to  knot,  to  connect,  to  unite. 
Zusammenknupfen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  tie  together,  to  unite,  to  as- 
sociate, to  bring  together. 
KNURREN    {intr.,  imp.),  knurrte,  geknurrt,  to  snarl,  to  growl,  to 

grumble. 

KOCHEN  {tr.,  imp.,  ace,  intr.),  kochte,  gekocht,  to    boil,  to  cook,  to 

simmer,   to  ferment. 
Abkochen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  boil  off  or  out,  to  scald,  to  coddle,  to 

stew,  to  elixate  (decoction). 
Auskochen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  cease  boiling,  to  boil  sufficiently,  to 

cleanse;  to  mature;  evaporate. 
Einkochen  {tr.,  intr.,  *),  to  boil  down  or  away,  to  stew;  to  evaporate; 

to  season,  to  marinate. 
Verkochen  {intr.,  *  tr.),  to  spoil  in  cooking;  to  boil  away;  to  evapor- 
ate;  to  waste  in  boiling;    to  subside;    to  cool  down  (one's  anger); 

to  use  up  in  boiling,  to  boil  away,  to  boil  to  nothing. 
Zerkochen  {tr.,  intr.,  *),  to  boil  to  pulp,  to  boil  to  death,  to  boil  too 

much,  overboil. 
KOHLEN  {intr.,  hah.),  kohlte,  gekohlt,  to  char,  to  carbonize,  to  car- 

burize;  to  draw  or  sketch  with  charcoal. 
Verkohleti  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  *),  to  turn  to  coal;   to  char;    to  combine 

with  carbon;  to  be  converted  into  carbon. 
KONNEN  {auxiliary  verb  of  mood,  one  of  six),  konnte,  gekonnt   (see 

konnen,  list  of  irregular  verbs)  (takes  haben). 
KOSEN  {tr.,  intr.),  koste,  gekost,  to  caress,  talk,  prattle;    to  chat; 

to  make  love;    to  fondle. 
Ankosen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  prattle,  to  chatter  (see  kosen). 


142  Regular    Verbs. 

Liebkosen  (/r.,  intr.,  o),  to  caress,  fondle,  cherish;  to  soothe,  hug, 
favor,  smile  upon,  endear  one. 
KOSTEN  {imp.,  tr.,  dat.,  ace,  intr.;  person,  dat.;  price,  ace),  kostete, 
gekostet,  to  cost,  to  be  worth,  to  be  valued;     to  taste,  to  sip,  to  try; 
to  enjoy;    to   experience.     Es  kostet,  it    costs,    it   is   v^^orth,    it   is 
valued  at,  its  worth  is. 
Auskosten   {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  select  by  tasting;  to  empty,  finish, 
taste  to  the  end;  to  test;  choose. 
KRACHEN  {hah.,  tr.,  intr.),  krachte,  gekracht,  to  crack,  to  crash,  to 
fulminate;    to  roar;   -to  break  down;    to  burst. 
Abkrachen  {sep.,  intr.,  *),  to  go  off  with  a  crash;  to  die  (sometimes 

also  abkratzen). 
Erkrachen  {intr.,  *),  to  begin  to  crash;  to  burst  aloud  (see  krachen). 
Verkrachen  (*  intr.),  to  go  to  smash,  to  become  a  bankrupt. 
Zerkrachen  (*  intr.),  to  burst  with  a  noise;  to  split  asunder. 
Zusammenkrachen  {intr.,  sep.,  *),  to  smash;  to  fall  to  pieces;  to 
crush  down. 
KRACHZEN  {intr.,  hah.),  krachzte,  gekrachzt,  to  croak;  to  groan;  to 

sigh. 
KRAHEN  {intr.,  hah.),  krahte,  gekraht,  to  crow,  yell,   or  sing;   to 

whistle;  to  screech,  to  cry. 
KRANKEN  {intr.,  hah.),  krankte,  gekrankt,  to  be  diseased  or  afflicted 
with  something;  to  suffer,  to  be  ill  of  something. 
Erkranken  {intr.,  *),  to  fall  or  grow  ill;   to  sicken,  to  get  sick;   to  be 
struck  down  by  sickness;   to  be  attacked  by  an  illness;   to  become 
suddenly  indisposed. 
KRANKELN  {intr.,  hah.),  krankelte,  gekrankelt,  to  be  ailing,  to  labor 

under  ill  health;  to  be  weak,  sickly,  poorly;  to  fail,  to  decline. 
KRAWKEN  {tr.,  refl.,  imp.,  ace),  krankte,  gekrankt,  to  hurt,  mortify, 
sting;    to  injure,  to  defame;    to  grieve;    to  be  afflicted  with  some- 
thing.    Es  krankt  mich,  it  hurts,  it  grieves  me. 
KRANZEN  {tr.,  ace),  kranzte,  gekranzt,  to  coronate,  to  wreathe. 
Bekranzen  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  festoon,  to  crown;    to  put  garlands 
around. 
KRATZEN  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  imp.,  dat.,  ace),  kratzte,  gekratzt,  to  scrape; 
scratch  (oneself),  to  claw;    to  wound  (oneself)  by  scratching;    to 
scrub;  to  tease  (cloth);  to  card  (wool). 
Abkratzen  {sep.   tr.),  to  scratch  off,  to  remove  or  clean;  to  rasp;  to 

scrape  off;  to  die  (provincial). 
Ankratzen  {sep.,  tr.),  to  scratch  on  or  against  something;   to  wound 

lightly. 
Aufkratzen  {tr.,  sep.,  refl.),  to  engrave;    to  poke,  rake,  stir;    to  rub 
off  the  skin;   to  raise;   to  notch,  to  roughen;   to  spruce  oneself  up 
(provincial). 


Regular    Verbs.  143 

Auskratzen  {sep.,  tr.,  intr.,  *  reft.),  to  scratch  out  or  off;  to  erase, 
to  efface;  to  scrape  out;  to  draw  out  (the  furnace);  to  run  away, 
to  escape;  to  take  French  leave. 

Durchkratzen  {tr.,  sep.,  insep.,  reft.),  to  rub  off;  to  scratch  sore;  to 
force  one's  way  through;  to  cover  with  scratches. 

Einkratzen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  scratch  in,  to  make  a  hole  by  scratching; 
to  engrave. 

Verkratzen  {tr.,  ace),  to  spoil  by  scratching. 
KREPIREN  {intr.,  *),  krepirte,  krepirt,  to  die,  fall,  to  peg  out;    to 
kick  the  bucket;   to  splinter;   to  burst.     Das  krepirt  mich,  that  ag- 
gravates, vexes,  or  annoys  me. 

KREUZEN  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.),  kreuzte,   gekreuzt,  to    cross;    to   inter- 
cross, interbreed  (races);    to  grade;    to  cross  (the  course  of  a  ship); 
to  cruise;  to  be  on  a  cruise;    to  cross  (each  other);    to  intersect. 
Kreuzigen,  to  crucify. 
Durchkreuzen  {tr.,  refl.),  to  traverse;    to  thwart  (by  obstacles);    to 
check,  oppose,  obstruct;    to  come  into  collision  with. 
KRONEN  {tr.,  ace),  kronte,  gekront,  to  crown;  to  assign  the  prize. 
KRUMMEN  {tr.,  refl.),  kriimmte,  gekriimmt,  to  bend,  reflect,  inflex; 
to  turn  out  of  a  straight  direction;    to  strain;    to  twist,  to  contort; 
to  curl;    to  geniculate;    to  turn  in  and  out;    to  crouch  (before  a 
person). 
Verkrummen  {tr.,  refl.),  to  deform;  to  become  bent;  to  curve. 
KUGELN  {tr.,  intr.,  *  refl.),  kugelte,  gekugelt,  to  conglobate;   to  roll; 
to  vote,  ballot  (for  a  person);   to  bowl;   to  assume  a  globular  form; 
to  double  up  (with  laughter). 
KUHLEN  {tr.,  imp.,  refl.,  ace),  kiihlte,  gekiihlt,  to  cool;    to  refresh; 
to  refrigerate;    to  appease  (one's  passion).     Es  kiihlt  mich,  it  cools 
me  off. 
Abkiihlen    {sep.,  tr.,  intr.,  hah.,  *  refl.),  to  breathe  fresh  air;  to  cool 

down  or  off;  to  get  cold  (see  kiihlen). 
Auskiihlen  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  cool  inwardly;  to  cool  thoroughly. 
Verkiihlen  {refl.,  ace,  intr.,  *),  to  cool  down;  to  catch  a  cold. 
KUMMERN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  kiimmerte,  gekiimniert,  to  grieve,  to 
afl^ct,  to  distress,  to  trouble,  concern. 
Bekiiinniem  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  concern,  to  worry,  to  be  anxious; 
to   distress,  to  afflict,  to  trouble.      Sich  um  Jemand  bekiimmern, 
to  take  an  interest  in  one,  to  concern  oneself,  to  mind  one. 
Verkummem  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  *),  to  languish,  to  perish,  to  be  stunned; 
to  waste,  to  pine  away,  to  starve. 
KURIREN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  kurirte,  kurirt,  to  cure,  heal,  physic;  to 

doctor;  to  treat;  to  nurse. 
KURZEN  {tr.,  ace),  kiirzte,  gekiirzt,  to  cut  down,  to  shorten,  to  clip, 
to  abridge,  to  abbreviate. 


144  Regular    Verbs 


Abkiirzen  (/r.,  ace,  sep.),  to  cut,  to  make  short,  to  abridge,  to  cur- 
tail; to  draw  a  narrow  compass;  reduce. 

Verkiirzen  (tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  shorten,  to  cut,  to  abbreviate,  to  lessen, 
to  diminish,  abridge. 
KUSSEN  (tr.,  refl.,  ace),  kiisste,  gekiisst,  to  kiss,  to  smack. 

Abkiissen  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  kiss  heartily;  to  fatigue,  to  tire  by  kissing. 

Auskiissen  {intr.,  refl.),  to  cease  kissing;    to  kiss  to  one's  heart's 
content. 

KUTSCHIREN  (m/r.,  hab.,  *),  kutschirte,  kutschirt,togoorrideina 
coach;  to  drive  a  coach. 


L. 

LABEN  (tr.,  refl.,  gen.,  ace),  labte,  gelabt,  to  ease;  to  restore;  to 
comfort;  to  relieve;  to  revive;  to  invigorate,  to  refresh;  to  enjoy 
something. 

LACHEN  (tr.,  ace,  gen.,  intr.),  lachte,  gelacht,  to  laugh,  to  smile, 

to  chuckle,  to  sneer,  to  giggle. 
Anlachen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  laugh  at,  to  laugh  upon,  to  greet,  to 

irritate  by  laughing. 
Auslachen  (tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  make  fun  of,  to  laugh  at,  to 

ridicule,  to  mock  at  one,  to  laugh  one's  fill. 
Verlachen  (tr.,  ace),  to  laugh,  to  sneer  at  a  person,  to  ridicule,  to 

laugh  away,  to  deride. 

LACHELN  (tr.,  intr.,  imp.),  lachelte,  gelachelt,  to  smile,  to  laugh, 

to  show  a  beaming  face,  to  be  joyous. 
Ablacheln  (tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to    smile  one's  fill,  to    have  a  thorough 

laugh;  to  win  a  person's  heart. 
Anlacheln  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  smile  at,  to  win  a  person's  confidence 

and  heart  by  sinile. 
Herablacheln  (intr.,  hab.,  sep.),  to  smile  upon  a  person,  to  be  kind 

and  generous  to  one. 
Herauflacheln  (intr.,  hab.,  sep.),  to  flirt  to,  to  smile  up  to,  to  send 

smiles. 
Hiniiberlacheln  (intr.,  hab.,  sep.),  to   smile  to   a   person,    to   send 

smiles  over,  to  flirt  to  one. 
Zulacheln  (dat.,  intr.,  hab.,  sep.),  to  smile  at,  to  smile  approval,  to 

encourage  one  by  smiling. 
LAGERN  (tr.,  intr.,  refl.),  lagerte,  gelagert,  to  place,  to  lay  down;  to 

store;  to  rest,  to  repose;  to  lie  down;  to  camp,  to  encamp. 
Belagem  (tr.,  ace),  to  besiege,  to  beleaguer;  to  invest;  to  blockade; 

to  beset. 


Regular    Verbs.  145 

Umlagem  {tr.,  ace,  sep.,  insep.),  to  put  upon  another  couch,  into 

another   bed;  to  encompass;  to  surround  closely;  to  blockade;  to 

beset. 
LAHMEN  (intr.,  hah.,  *),  lahmte,  gelahmt,  to  limp,  to  go  or  walk 

lame;  to  be  powerless;  to  slacken;  to  halt,  fall  flat. 
Erlahmen  {intr.,  *),  to  become  or  grow  lame,  to  grow  weary;  to 

diminish  (erschlaffen). 
LAHMEN  {tr.,  intr.,  hah.,  *  da^.),  lahmte,   gelahmt,  to  paralyze;  to 

strike  with  lameness;  to  cripple,  to  torpify,  to  benumb. 
LANDEN  {intr.,  hah.,  *  tr.).,  landete,  gelandet,  to  come  to  shore,  to 

get  to  land,  to  touch  land;  to  set  on  shore,  to  disembark;    to  arrive; 

to  establish  a  footing. 
LANGEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  langte,  gelangt,  to  reach,  to  go,  to  sufl&ce, 

to  do;    to  extend;    to  seize. 
Anlangen  (*  tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  arrive,  to  attain,  to  reach,  to  get  in, 

to  touch;    to  concern,  to  relate  to. 
Belangen  {tr.,  ace),  to  bring  to  action;   to  file  a  bill;   to  concern;    to 

proceed;    to  begin  a  lawsuit,  to  sue,  to  prosecute. 
Erlangen  {tr.,  ace),  to  catch,  to  attain,  to  obtain,  to  win,  to  procure, 

to  achieve. 
Verlangen  {tr.,  imp.,  ace),  to  demand,  to  wish,  to  desire,  to  long,  to 

aspire,  to  exact,  to  expect,  ask. 
Zulangen  {sep.,  tr.,  intr),  to  help  oneself,  to  stretch  out  one's  hand, 

to  seize,  to  fall,  to  help  oneself. 
Zuriickverlangen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  demand  back,  to  ask  to  return, 

to  reclaim,  to  revindicate. 
LARMEN  {intr.,  hah.),  larmte,  gelarmt,  to  make  a  noise;  to  shout; 

to  clamor;  to  cry;  to  wake  up  by  making  a  noise. 
LASTEN  {tr.,  intr),  lastete,  gelastet,  to  weigh,  to  lie  heavy,  to  press 

or  bear  hard,  to  be  cumbersome. 
Auflasten  {tr.,  ace,  sep),  to  burden  upon,  to  load,  to  charge,  to  lay 

or  put  on  one's  back,  ascribe. 
Belasten  {tr.,  ace,  refl),  to  overload,  to  overcharge,  to  burden,  to 

weigh  upon,  to  carry,  to  encumber. 
Entlasten  {tr.,  ace),  to  clear,  to  disburden,  to  disencumber,  to  un- 

clog,  to  unload,  to  balance. 
Uberlasten  {tr.,  insep.,  ace),  to  overload,  to  overfreight,  to  over- 
furnish,  to  overdo,  to  overburden. 
LAUERN  {intr.,  hah),  lauerte,  gelauert,  to  watch,  to  wait  impatiently, 

to  look  out,  to  waylay,  lurk. 
--  Ablauern  {tr.,  intr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  be  on  the  watch  for,  to  be  on  the 

wait  for,  to  waylay,  to  lie  waiting, 
Auflatiern  {tr.,  intr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  set   an    ambush,  to  watch,  to 

wait  lurkingly,  to  waylay,  to  spy. 

JO 


146  Regular   Verbs. 

Umlauem  (/r.,  ace),  to  watch  closely,  to  lurk  about,  to  surround 
by  watching. 

LAUSCHEN  {intr.,  hah.),  lauschte,  gelauscht,  to  listen,  to  give  ear 
to,  to  harken,  to  glance. 

Ablauschen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  get  at  a  person  by  listening,  to  dis- 
cover or  learn  by  hearing,  to  do  eavesdropping. 

Auflauschen  (sep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  harken,  to  look  up,  to  glance  up; 
to  be  interrupted;   to  listen  secretly;    to  spy;    to  catch  by  lurking. 

Auslauschen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  terminate  looking  up,  to  cease  listen- 
ing, to  stop  hearing. 

Belauschen  (tr.,  ace),  to  overhear,  to  listen,  to  hearken,  to  act  as 
an  eavesdropper. 

Eriauschen  [tr.,  o.),  to  bide  one's  time,  to  watch  the  opportunity. 

Hinlauschen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  take  a  peep,  a  look,  or  a  glance, 

Hintiberlauschen  (intr.,  sep.),  to  listen  to  what  is  going  on  over  the 
way;  to  seek  in  a  different  direction. 

LAUTEN  (intr.,  imp.),  lautete,  gelautet,   to  sound;  to  run;   to  read; 

to  purport;    to  be  worded;    to  be  issued,  to  be  payable. 
Verlauten  (intr.,  hah.,  *),  to  be  in  rumor;   to  be  spread  abroad;   to 

become  known,  reported. 
LAUTEN  (tr.,  intr.,  imp.),  lautete,  gelautet,  to  ring,  chime,  peal;  to 

toll,  knoll,  to  tinkle,  to  echo. 

LAUTERN  (tr.,  ace),  lauterte,  gelautert,  to  cleanse,  to  refine;  to 
purge,  to  purify;  to  chasten;  to  strain;  to  rectify;  to  clear;  to 
clarify. 

Erlautem  (/r.),  to  explain;  to  clear  up;  to  elucidate;  to  demonstrate; 
to  paraphrase ;  to  exemplify;  illustrate;  to  purify,  to  cleanse. 

LEBEN  (intr.,  hah),  lebte,  gelebt,  to  live,  to  be  alive,  to  breathe,  to 

exist,  dwell. 
Ableben  (tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  end,  to  pass,  to  come  to  an  end, 

to  pine  away,  to  be  used  up,  to  die. 
Aufleben  (tr.,  intr.,  *  sep.),  to  revive,  to  come  to  life  again,  to  be 

restored  to  life,  to  refresh,  enliven, 
Ausleben  (tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  live  to  see  the  end,  to  cease  to  live, 

to  exhaust  one's  vital  power,  to  become  polished, 
Beleben  (tr.,  ace,  ref,.),  to  give  life  to,  to  endow  hfe,  to  invigorate, 

strengthen,  to  electrify,  vitalize,  encourage,  stimulate. 
Durchleben  (tr.,  ace,  sep.,  insep.),  to  live  over,  to  live  a  second  life, 

to  renew,  to  call  back,  to  revive  one's  life,  to  vivify. 
Erieben  (tr.,  ace),   to  live  to  see;    to  feel,  to  experience,    to   meet 

with;  to  pass,  to  go  through,  to  undergo;  to  know;  to  have. 
Fortleben  (intr.,  sep.),  to  continue  to  live,  to  live  on,  to  survive,  not 

to  be  forgotten. 


Regular   Verbs.  147 

Hinleben  {intr.,  sep.),  to  live  a  reckless   life;  to  live  from  hand  to 

mouth;  to  loll  in  the  lap  of  luxury;   to  be  free.     In  Saus  und  Braus 

leben,  to  li^e  fast. 
Mitleben  {intr.,  sep.),  to  live,  to  stay  together;  to  be  a  contemporary; 

to  enjoy  life  with  some  one  together. 
tJberleben  {tr.,  insep.,  ace),  to  survive,  to  live  longer,  to  grow  old; 

weary  to  death ;  time-worn,  out  of  fashion,  antiquated. 
Verleben  {tr.,  ace),  to  spend,  to  live  all  through,  to  be  used  up,  worn 

out,  to  be  decrepit. 
Zusammenleben  {intr.,  sep.),  to  live  together,  to  stay  together,  to 

room,  to  cohabit,  to  keep  house  together. 
LECHZEN  {intr.,  hab.),  lechzte,  gelechzt,  to  hanker  after  something, 

to  be  dying  for  a  thing,  to  thirst  for  a  thing,  to  gape  with  thirst,  to 

pant,  languish. 
Auslechzen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  be  languishing  for  something,  to  pine 

away  patiently. 

LEEREN  {tr.,  refl.),  leerte,  geleert,  to  empty,  clear  out;    to  vacate; 

to  evacuate;  to  drain,  exhaust;  to  suck;  to  get  empty. 
Ausleeren  {sep.,  tr.,  refl.),  to  empty  (to  the  very  dregs);  to  clear  out; 

to  drain;  to  ease  nature;  to  eject;  to  use  a  laxative. 
Entleeren  {tr.,  refl.),  to  evacuate,  to  eject,  to  cast  out. 

LEGEN  {tr.,  dat.,  ace,  refl.),  legte,  gelegt,  to  lay,  to  put,  to  place,  to 
set;  to  clap;  to  deposit;  to  abate,  to  subside,  to  calm  down,  to 
slacken;  to  die  away;  to  go  to  bed;  to  lie  down;  to  prevent  a  per- 
son (from  doing  something).  Zur  Last  legen,  to  charge  against, 
to  accuse  one  of. 

Ablegen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  take  off,  to  undress,  to  put  aside, 
to  cast  off,  to  pass,  to  throw  off. 

Anlegen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put  (or)  lay,  set,  place  on,  to,  or  against; 
to  dress  in;  to  establish;  to  construct. 

Auferlegen  {tr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  impose  upon;  to  charge,  inflict,  enjoin 
a  thing  upon  a  person;  to  fine;  to  amerce. 

Auflegen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  lay,  put,  set  upon;  to  apply;  to 
contribute;   to  lean,  to  rest;   to  be  in  good  humor. 

Auslegen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  advance;  to  lay  out;  to  spread, 
to  display,  to  dispose;    to  explain,  to  construct,  to  interpret. 

Belegen  {tr.,  ace),  to  cover,  to  lay  over,  to  garnish,"  to  spread  over, 
to  lay  down;    to  reserve;    to  engage;    to  secure. 

Beilegen  {tr.,  intr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  enclose,  to  join,  to  ascribe,  to  attrib- 
ute, to  give,  to  settle,  arrange,  to  terminate,  to  come  (or  to  heave)  to. 

Beiseitelegen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  reserve,  to  place  aside;  to  deposit; 
to  turn  aside;    to  remove. 

Bloslegen  {tr.,  sep.,  ace),  to  lay  bare,  to  expose,  to  denude;  to  show, 
to  make  public;  to  stow,  to  lay  open. 


148  Regular   Verbs. 

Einlegen  (/r.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put,  place,  lay,  set;  to  pickle,  to  mar- 
inate;   to  preserve;    to  encase;  to  set  to  rest;    to  reap,  gain. 

Erlegen  {tr.,  ace),  to  kill,  to  shoot,  to  pay,  put,  or  lay  down;  to  acquit; 
to  repay,  to  refund;    to  slay,  to  strike  down. 

Fortlegen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put  aside,  to  place  aside,  to  place  out 
of  the  way,  out  of  reach. 

Hinlegen  (Ir.,  ace,  sep.),  to  lay,  put,  or  place  down;  to  advance; 
to  make;    to  represent. 

Loslegen  (intr.,  hah.,  sep.),  to  begin  energetically;  to  start  in;  to  throw 
off;  to  raise  the  waters;  to  set  about. 

Uberlegen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.,  insep.),  to  consider,  to  think  over; 
to  be  superior,  to  have  advantage;  to  trim;  to  discuss;  to  de- 
liberate, consult. 

Umlegen  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  lay  around,  to  put  on;  to  turn  down; 
to  put  differently;    to  shift,  to  relay,  to  change  position. 

Verlegen  {reft.,  hah.,  *  tr.,  ace),  to  be  worn;  to  remove;  change;  to 
be  spoiled,  damaged,  stale;  to  be  abashed,  awkward;  to  publish, 
to  print.  Verlegen  sein,  to  be  perplexed,  to  be  embarrassed,  to 
be  in  confusion,  constraint. 

Zulegen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  add,  to  raise;  to  provide;  to  increase; 
to  fill  out;    to  procure. 

Zuriicklegen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  lay  or  put  back,  to  put  aside,  to  save; 
to  travel,  to  cover  a  long  distance. 

Zusammenlegen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  fold,  to  double;  to  collect;  to 
make  up  a  purse;  to  shut  up. 

LEHNEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  reft.),  lehnte,  gelehnt,  to  rest,  to  repose,  to 

lean,  to  put,  to  recline,  to  lie  back. 
Ablehnen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  refuse,  to  decline;    to  repel;    to  shift 

off,  to  shuffle  off;    to  reject. 
Anlehnen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.),  to  lean,  to  rest,  to  support;    to  in- 
cline;  to  clap  against;    to  hold  oneself. 
Auflehnen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.),  to  resist;  to  cry  out  against;  to  wth- 

stand;  to  insurrect;   to  rear  up;    to  prance;    to  lean,  to  rest  upon. 
Auslehnen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.),  to  stretch  oneself  out  (see  zuriick- 

lehnen). 
Entlehnen  {tr.,  ace),  to  borrow,  to  reproduce,  to  take  up  from; 

to  derive  from  (plagiarism,  literary  theft). 
Zunicklehnen  {reft.,  sep.),  to  lean  back;  to  recline;  to  place  oneself 

in  a  comfortable  position. 

LEHREN  {tr.,  dat.,  ace),  lehrte,  gelehrt,  to  teach,  instruct;  to  profess, 
to  lecture;    to  show  how  to;    to  administer  or  show  how  to  do  a 
thing. 
Ablehren  {tr.,  sep.,  dat.),  to  get  a  person  out  of  the  habit  of;  to  ween; 
to  break  one  from  a  habit  (abgewohnen). 


Regular   Verbs.  149 

Anlehren  {tr.,  sep.,  dat.),  to  instruct,  teach,  make  fit;  to  apprentice; 

to  bring  up. 
Belehren  {tr.,  refl.,gen.,  ace),  to  instruct,  advise,  apprise;  to  inform, 

to  tell,  to  show. 

LEIMEN  {tr.,  ace),  leimte,  geleimt,  to  glue,  to  coat  over;    to  dress; 

to  lime;    to  take  one  in. 
Anleimen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  glue   on;    to   entrap;    to   deceive;    to 

fasten  by  way  of  gluing. 
Verleimen  {tr.,  ace),  to  fill  up  with  glue,  to  glue  a  thing;   to  give 

one  a  good  thrashing. 
Zuleimen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  glue  up,  to  fasten,  to  coat  over, 

LEISTEN  {tr.,  refl.,  dat.),  leistete,  geleistet,  to  do,  to  execute,  to  per- 
form; to  effect,  make  good,  reaUze;  to  render;  to  give. 
■  Ableisten  {tr.,  sep.),  to  take  off  the  last;  to  take  in  due  form;  to  take 
(an  oath). 

LEITEN  {tr.,  ace),  leitete,  geleitet,  to  lead,  to  guide,  to  pilot,  to' 
steer;  to  govern,  to  preside,  to  head;  to  accompany;  to  direct; 
to  conduct.     Sich  leiten  lassen,  to  be  docile,  manageable. 

Ableiten  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  turn  off  or  aside;  to  divert;  to  drain, 
to  conduct,  to  draw  away,  to  revulse;   to  deduct;  descend, 

Anleiten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  lead,  to  guide,  to  conduct;  to  direct; 
to  instruct. 

Geleiten  {tr.,  ace),  to  escort;  to  convey;  to  accompany;  to  conduct. 
Gott  geleite  Sie,  God  speed  you. 

Herleiten  {tr.,  sep.),  to  conduct,  to  lead  hither  or  here  (to). 

Hinleiten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  manoeuvre  to;  to  march  to;  to  guide, 
to  lead  to;    to  persuade  one  to. 

Verleiten  {tr.,  ace),  to  lead  astray,  to  lead  to  temptation;  to  mis- 
lead, to  entice;    to  lead  to  error,  to  delude;    to  incite. 

Wegleiten  {tr.,  sep.),  to  carry  off;  to  drain  off. 

Zuriickleiten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  lead  back,  to  reconduct;  to  bring  back. 

LENKEN  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.),  lenkte,  gelenkt,  to  guide,  direct,  to  turn, 
incline;  to  govern,  steer,  navigate,  pilot;  to  manage,  overrule;  to 
sway,  wield;  to  incline;  to  be  docile  or  tractable;  to  control  oneself. 

Ablenken  {sep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  turn  off,  aside,  or  away;  to  divert;  to 
lead  astray;  to  steer  off;  to  ward  off;  to  sheer  off;  to  turn  aside 
or  away ;  to  deviate,  digress,  take  another  course  or  direction. 

Anlenken  {tr.,  sep.),  to  turn  toward. 

Auslenken  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  turn  aside,  to  turn  out,  to  make  way 
for  (ausbiegen). 

Einlenken  {sep.,  intr.,  hah.,  *  tr.,  refl.),  to  turn  into;  to  turn  to  one's 
subject,  topic,  story;  to  alter  one's  mind;  to  come  round;  to  make 
a  person  turn  back  to  the  right  road;  to  be  articulated. 


150  Regular   Verbs. 

Hinlenken  (/r.,  sep.),  to  lead,  conduct,  convey  to;  to  concentrate  on 
a  point;  to  draw  or  direct  one's  attention  to;  to  broach  upon  (a 
subject). 

Verlenken  (/r.,  ace),  to  misguide,  to  misdirect;  to  dodge  something. 
LERNEN  {tr.,  intr.),  lernte,  gelernt,  to  learn,  to  study,  to  acquire;  to 
be  apprenticed  to;  to  serve  as. 

Ablemen  {tr.,  sep.,  dat.),  to  learn  a  thing  from  a  person  by  observing 
his  doings;  to  acquire  a  person's  knack  (absehen). 

Auslemen  {tr.,  intr.,  reft.,  sep.),  to  learn  thoroughly  or  completely;  to 
serve  one's  time  in  learning;  to  finish  instruction;  to  take  a  course; 
to  master;  to  be  a  complete  master  of. 

Durchlemen  {tr.,  refl.),  to  study  thoroughly;  to  look  over  again  or 
repeat  a  lesson ;  to  make  (thoroughly)  one's  own. 

Einlernen  {tr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  learn  thoroughly,  to  learn  by  heart;  to  im- 
press firmly  in  one's  memory;  to  teach,  to  impart  something  by 
instruction  or  teaching;   to  train  up  for. 

Kennenlemen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  acquaint  oneself  with;  to  make  the 
acquaintance  of. 

Verlemen  {tr.,  ace),  to  forget  or  lose  something  that  one  has  learned 
or  acquired;  to  unlearn. 

Zulernen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  learn  in  addition  (to  what  one  knows);  to  add 
to  one's  stock  of  knowledge;  to  increase  one's  learning. 
LEUCHTEN  {dat.,  intr.),  leuchtete,  geleuchtet,  to  shine,  to  give  light; 
to  radiate,  loom;  to  glisten,  glow,  burn;  to  flash,  flame,  fulgurate. 

Anleuchten  {tr.,  sep.),  to  cast  light  upon;  to  hold  a  light  up  to. 

Ausleuchten  {tr.,  intr.),  to  eclipse;  to  throw  a  person  into  the 
shade;   to  cease  giving  light;    to  exhaust  one's  light. 

Beleuchten  {tr.),  to  light  up,  to  be  lighted  up;  to  clear  up,  to  explicate. 

Einleuchten  {dat.,  hah.,  imp.),  it  is  apparent,  clear,  evident;  it  is  ob- 
vious;   to  please. 

Erleuchten  {tr.,  ace),  to  enlighten;  to  illuminate;  to  instruct;  to  in- 
form ;  to  light  with. 

Nachleuchten  {sep.,  dat.),  to  go  on  spreading  light;  to  follow  a  per- 
son with  light. 

Umleuchten    {insep.,  tr.,  imp.),  to  shed  light  around,  to  surround 
with  light. 
LEUGWEN    {tr.,  ace),  leugnete,  geleugnet,  to  deny,  disaffirm,  to 
disavow;    to  contradict,  to  gainsay;  to  disclaim  (see  verleugnen). 

LIEBEN  {tr.,  reft.,  ace),  liebte,  geliebt,  to  love,  to  hold  dear,  to  be 
devoted,  to  cherish,  to  be  fond  of,  to  like,  to  fancy,  to  affect;  to 
admire;  to  adore;  to  idolize.  (See  the  tahk  of  the  conjugation  of 
this  verb  in  the  back  of  this  book.) 
Auslieben  {reft.,  tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  cease  loving,  caressing,  being  fond 
of  a  person;  to  love  to  the  very  end. 


Regular    Verbs.  151 

Belieben  {tr.,refl.,  ace,  intr.,  hab.,  *  imp.),  to  be  inclined,  willing,  or 
pleased;  to  consent,  to  desire,  to  agree. 

Verlieben  (refl.,  hab.,  *),  to  fall  in  love,  to^'take  a  liking  or  a  fancy, 
to  be  fascinated,  fond  of,  charmed  or  enamored  with.  VerHebt 
sein,  to  be  in  love,  fascinated,  enamored,  to  be  fond  of. 

LIEFERN  (/r.,  intr.,  refl.,  dat.),  lieferte,  geliefert,  to  deliver;  to  sup- 
ply, to  provide,  to  produce;  to  yield;  to  afford,  bear;  to  turn  out; 
to  work;  to  give  oneself  up  to. 

Abliefern  (/r.,  Ja/.,  ace),  to  consign;  to  return,  send;  to  issue;  deliver. 

Ausliefern  {tr.,  refl.),  to  restore;  to  return,  to  give  back;  to  extradite; 
to  hand  over. 

Uberliefem  {tr.,  dat.),  to  deliver,  hand  over;  to  yield;  to  transmit; 
to  circulate,  to  report;  to  record,  to  hand  to  posterity;  to  surrender; 
to  come  down  to  tradition. 

LINDERN  {tr.,  refl.,  dat.),  linderte,  gelindert,  to  appease;  to  compose; 
to  temper,  to  moderate;  to  sweeten;  to  balm,  to  charm;  to  lessen, 
to  abate,  to  diminish;  to  decrease,  to  become  milder. 

LOBEN  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  lobte,  gelobt,  to  praise,  to  approve;  to  com- 
mend;  to  extol;    to  belaud,  to  compliment,  to  eulogize. 

Anloben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  give  a  glowing  account  of;  to  puff;  to 
commend;    to  eulogize,  to  extol. 

Beloben  {tr.,  ace),  to  mention  honorably,  to  make  honorable  men- 
tion of,  to  commend,  to  praise. 

Geloben  {tr.,  dat.,  ace),  to  promise,  to  vow,  to  vow  with  an  oath,  to 
pledge  solemnly,  to  pledge  oneself  to. 

Verloben  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  become  engaged  to  marry,  to  betroth, 
to  promise  in  marriage.  Die  Verlobte,  the  fiancee,  the  in- 
tended wife;  der  Verlobte,  the  intended  husband,  the  affianced 
husband. 

LOCKEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  lockte,  gelockt,  to  entice;  to  hunt;  to  lure; 

to  bait;   to  call;   to  toll;    to  tempt;    to  invite;    to  decoy. 
Ablocken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  entice,  to  lure  away;  to  catch;   to  draw; 

to  get  or  obtain  something  by  craft. 
Anlocken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  decoy;  to  troll  on;  to  draw  to;  to  tempt, 

to  attract;    to  encourage;    to  drum. 
Auflocken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  unfix,  to  shake,  to  loosen,  to  come  or 

make  loose;    to  relax,  to  slacken. 
Auslocken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  entice  or  draw  out,  to  allure  forth; 

to  inquire,  to  question,  to  cross-examine. 
Entlocken  {tr.,  ace),  to  elicit,  to  get,  to  draw  a  thing  from  a  person 

by  flattery,  to  entice  a  secret. 
Fortlocken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  lure  away,  to  bait  from  a  person,  to 

entice  a  thing  from  one. 


152  Regular    Verbs. 

Frohlocken  (inlr.,  hah.),  to  shout  for  joy,  to  jubilate,  to  exult  at,  to 

triumph  over,  to  rejoice. 
Heranlocken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  draw  one  near;   to  make  love  to  a 

person,  to  court  a  person;    to  allure. 
Herauflocken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  invite  up,  to  allure  or  entice  up, 

to  attract  a  person  up  to  a  place. 
Herbeilocken  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  allure,  to  decoy,  to  invite,  to  call 

forth  by  enticement  or  flattery. 
Umlocken  (tr.,  ace),  to  allure  or  entice  about,  to  linger  or  draw 

about  a  person;    to  tempt. 
Verlocken  (tr.,  ace),  to  inveigle,  to  entice,  to  allure,  to  lead  astray, 

to  seduce,  to  tempt. 
LOCKERN  {tr.,  reft.),  lockerte,  gelockert,  to  loosen;  to  light  up;  to 

break  up;  to  disroot;  to  unhinge;  to  slacken;  relax,  to  give  way. 
LOHNEN    {tr.,  intr.,  imp.,  refl.),  lohnte,  gelohnt,    to    reward,     to 

recompense,  requite;  to  pay  wages,  hire  to,  to  pay;  to  remunerate, 

to  give  a  sufficient  return,  to  make  worth  while. 
Belohnen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  imp.),  to  pay,  to  recompense,  to  remuner- 
ate, to  pay  a  reward,  to  requite. 
Entlohnen  {tr.,  ace),  to  pay  off. 
Verlohnen  {imp.,  dat.),  to  requite,  to  pay  back.     Es  verlohnt  sich 

der  Miihe  nicht,  it  is  not  worth  while. 

LOSCHEN  {tr.,  ace;  used  reg.  and  irreg.),  loschte,  geloscht,  to 
quench,  to  cool,  to  efface,  to  cancel,  to  obliterate,  to  extinguish, 
to  unload,  to  discharge,  to  put  out.  For  loschen  {intr.),  to  put  out, 
to  extinguish,  etc.,  see  list  0}  irregular  verbs,  page  49. 

Abloschen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  smother;  to  cool;  to  wipe  out,  to  blot 
out,  to  clear  off;   to  discharge. 

Ausloschen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  extinguish,  to  put  out,  to  quench, 
to  blot  out,  to  pass  away,  to  expire,  obliterate. 

Verloschen  {tr.,  hah.,  *  intr.,  ace),  to  die,  to  pass  away,  to  go  out, 
to  become  extinct,  to  blot  out,  efface. 

LOSEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  loste,  gelost,  to  loosen,  to  untie,  to  unfix,  to 
separate,  disjoin,  to  unravel,  to  disentangle,  to  untwine. 

Ablosen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  sever,  to  detach,  to  separate,  to  dis- 
connect, to  uncouple,  to  take  off;    to  relieve  guard. 

Auflosen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  disentangle,  to  loosen,  to  unknot, 
to  unrivet,  to  disconnect,  to  dismember,  to  melt,  to  volatilize;  to 
fume. 

Auslosen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  take  out;  to  cut  off;  to  allot,  to 
lot,  to  draw  lots,  to  raffle  for;  to  deliver;  to  ransom,  to  redeem, 
to  rescue. 

Einlosen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  redeem,  to  recover,  to  take  out  a  pledge 
or  pawn;   to  meet;    to  pay;    to  draw;   to  honor;    to  protect. 


Regular    Verbs.  153 

Erlosen  {tr.,  ace),  to  save,  to  deliver,  to  free,  to  release,  to  ransom, 

to  redeem,  to  rescue,  to  bring  to  salvation. 
i   Loslosen  (i«^r.,  re^.),  to  untie;  to  detach;  to  separate;   to  disjoin;  to 

get  off;  to  extricate  oneself  from  something. 
Umlosen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  change;    to  exchange;    to  take  out,  to 

cut  off  or  away. 
LOSEN  (tr.,  ace,  intr.),  loste,  gelost,  to  cast  or  draw  lots;  to  toss  up; 

to  raffle;   to  ballot. 
Auslosen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  allot,  to  distribute  by  lot;  to  draw  lots, 

to  raffle  for. 
Verlosen  {tr.,  ace),  to  dispose  of  something  by  lots  or  lottery,  to 

raffle  out. 
LOTEN  {tr.,  ace),  lotete,  gelotet,  to  solder,  to  burn  together,  to  braze, 

to  join. 
Anloten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  braze  or  solder  on,  to  fix  by  soldering, 

to  join,  to  fasten,  to  unite. 
Ausloten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  solder  or  braze  inwards  or  on  the  side. 
Verloten  {tr.,  ace),  to  solder  up,  to  close  hermetically,  to  blanch, 

to  tighten. 
LUFTEN   {tr.,  refl.),  liiftete,  geliiftet,  to  ventilate;   to  expose  to  the 

air,  to  the  weather;  to  take  the  air. 


M. 

MACHEN  {tr.,  ace,  0.,  intr.,  impers.,  refl.),  machte,  gemacht,  to 
make,  to  create,  to  produce,  to  form,  to  frame,  to  shape,  to  fabri- 
cate, to  create,  to  manufacture.  Es  macht  sich,  it  is  all  right. 
Bekannt  machen,  to  announce;  to  inform;  to  acquaint  one,  to 
make  one  acquainted  with;   to  study,  to  learn,  to  familiarize  with. 

Abmachen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  conclude,  to  arrange,  to  stipulate,  to 
settle,  to  clear,  to  square,  to  balance,  to  compromise;  to  undo, 
to  detach. 

Anmachen  {tr.,  refl.,  ace,  sep.),  to  fasten,  to  bind,  to  tie;  to  knit;  to 
add;    to  mix;    to  kindle,  to  light. 

Aufmachen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  open;  to  make,  to  set,  to  throw  open; 
to  make  up  a  bed,  to  put  fresh  linen;  to  attach,  to  fasten,  to 
separate,  undo. 

Ausmachen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  make  or  take  or  put  or  get  out;  to 
clean,  to  scour;  to  decide,  determine,  to  settle,  to  agree;  to  amount  to. 

Bemachen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  soil,  to  embnie,  to  make  dirty;  to  de- 
file;   to  befoul. 

Durchmachen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  bring  or  get  through;  to  experience;  to 
run  through;  to  decline,  to  conjugate. 


154  Regular   Verbs. 

Eininachen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  lay  in,  to  put  up,  to  preserve,  to  con- 
serve, pickle,  cure,  marinate. 
Fortmachen  {refl.,  tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  make  haste,  to  be   quick,  to 

get  away,  to  walk  ofif,  to  decamp,  to  pack  off. 
Hinmachen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  bundle  in;  to  sit  down;  to  put  down; 

to  kill. 
Ubermachen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.,  insep.),  to  transfer,  to  transmit;  to  make 

over,  to  consign;    to  remit;    to  deliver,  to  hand  over;  to  change; 

to  enclose. 
Ummachen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  cut  down,  to  put  around;  to  change; 

to  rebind;    to  make  over;    to  alter. 
Unfahig  machen    {tr.,  refl.),   to  disqualify,  to  render  powerless,  to 

disable  one,  to  make  unfit. 
Verdient  machen  {tr.,  refl.),  to  make  oneself  indispensable,  to  make 

oneself  worthy,  deserving. 
Vermachen  {tr.,  ace),  to  bequeathe,  to  will  or  leave;   to  settle;   to 

devise;    to  transfer;    to  stop,  to  barricade. 
Vertraut  machen  {sep.,  ace,  refl.),  to  familiarize  oneself,  to  become 

thoroughly  acquainted  with. 
Zumachen  {sep.,  ace,  tr.),  to  close,  to  shut;   to  secure;   to  seal;   to 

fasten;    to  fold;    to  button  up. 
Zurechtmachen  {sep.,  ace,  tr.,  refl.),  to  arrange,  to  prepare,  to  or- 
ganize;   to  adjust;  to  get  ready;   to  do  up;    to  trim;    to  fix,  to 

dress. 
MAHEN  {tr.,  intr.,  ace),  mahte,  gemaht,  to  mow,  to  cut  down,  to 

reap;   to  crop;   to  pull  grass.     Mahen  (of  sheep),  to  baa,  to  bleat; 

to  cry. 
Abm.ahen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  cut  down;  to  finish  mowing,  to  crop. 

MAHLEN  {tr.,  ctce,  refl.,  imp.;  used  reg.  andirreg.),  mahlte,  gemahlt, 
to  grind,  to  pulverize,  to  crush,  to  put  to  powder  (see  list  oj  irregu- 
lar verbs). 

Abmahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  grind  off,  to  grind  completely,  to  finish 
grinding. 

Anmahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  grind  in  quantity,  to  pulverize  in  large 
stock. 

Aufmahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  grind  all,  to  grind  completely,  to  fin- 
ish grinding  or  pulverizing. 

Ausmahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  grind  all  up.  Sand  ausmahlen,  to 
undermine  or  to  hollow  the  sand. 

Nachmahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  grind  again,  to  mill  over,  to  repul- 
verize  {zermahlen,  see  irregular  verbs). 

tJbermahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  regrind,  to  grind  or  pulverize  over, 
to  mill  over. 

Ummahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  grind  over,  to  regrind,  to  repulverize. 


Regular   Verbs.  155 

Vermahlen  {tr.,  ace),  to  grind  down,  to  grind  badly,  to  spoil  in  grind- 
ing or  in  milling. 
MAHNEN  {tr.,  ace,  gen.,  intr.),  mahnte,  gemahnt,  to  remind,  to 
recall;    to  ask  back,  to  redemand;    to  exhort;    to  press. 

Abmahnen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  dissuade  from;  to  warn  against;  to 
obtain  by  dunning. 

Anmahnen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  exhort  a  person  to  a  thing,  to  remind 
one;    to  redemand,  to  press. 

Ausmahnen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  dissuade;  to  obtain  something  by 
reminding;  to  press  a  person  for  a  thing. 

Ermahnen  {tr.,  ate),  to  admonish,  to  advise,  to  counsel,  to  exhort, 
reprimand,  warn,  reprove,  lecture,  to  preach,  sermonize;  hint; 
caution. 

Fortmahnen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  continue  exhorting,  to  keep  on  remind- 
ing one,  to  redemand  constantly. 

Gemahnen  {tr.,  ace),  io  remind;  to  appear,  as:  Es  gemahnt  mich, 
it  appears  to  me  in  a  certain  way,  it  reminds  me. 

Vermahnen  {tr.,   ace),  to  lecture,  to  sermonize,  to  admonish,  to 
urge,  to  advise,  to  warn, 
MALEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  reft.),  malte,  gemalt,  to  mark;    to  paint; 
to  color;  to  dye,  to  stain;  to  enamel;  picture,  to  sketch;  to  portray 
oneself. 

Abmalen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.),  to  paint,  to  picture,  to  delineate;  to 
depict;    to  portray;    to  draw;    describe. 

Anmalen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  adorn;  to  paint  over,  to  daub;  to  color; 
to  enamel,  to  stain. 

Aufmalen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  refresh,  to  retouch,  to  touch  up,  to 
paint  anew,  to  retouch  afresh. 

Ausmalen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  illuminate;  to  color;  to  print;  to  em- 
blazon;   to  finish  painting,  to  give  a  finishing  touch;    to  amplify. 

Bemalen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  to  bepaint,  to  paint  over,  to  daub;  to  make 
up;  to  mark;    to  portray. 

Nachmalen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  copy;  to  forge;  to  imitate;  to  repro- 
duce by  painting  or  drav^dng. 

Ubermalen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  paint  out  or  over,  to  cover  one  pic- 
ture with  another;  to  color,  to  dye;    to  touch  up;    to  repaint. 

Ummalen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  repaint,  to  color  over,  to  touch  over; 
to  print  again;    to  re-enamel. 

Vormalen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  paint  or  draw  a  thing  before  a  person; 
to  describe;    to  paint  a  thing  as  an  example;  to  picture  a  thing. 

MANGELN  {dat.,  gen.,  intr.,  hab.,  imp.),  mangelte,  gemangelt,  to  be 
in  need  of,  to  suffer  want,  to  be  wanting.  An  mir  soil  es  nicht 
mangeln,  I  shall  not  fail.  Es  mangelt  an  nichts,  nothing  is 
wanting. 


156  Regular   Verbs. 

Erxnangeln  {imp.,  dat.),  to  be  in  want  of,  to  lack,  to  be  in  need  of. 

Es  mangelt  mir,  I  am  in  want  or  need  of;  I  need;  to  be  destitute  of. 

Ich  werde  nicht  ermangeln,  I  shall  not  fail  to,  I  shall  not  neglect. 

MANGELN  {intr.,  hah.),  mangelte,  gemangelt,  to  find  fault  with;    to 

cavil  at  everything;  to  pick  and  choose;  to  be  constantly  fault-finding. 

Bemangeln  {tr.,  insep.,  dat.),  to  criticise,  find  fault  with,  to  correct 

one;   to  show  one's  defects. 

MANNEN  {tr.,  intr.),  mannte,  gemannt,  to  hand  on  from  man  to  man; 

to  marry. 

Bemannen  {tr.,  ace),  to  equip,  to  man;   to  fit  out,  to  commission; 

to  marry  (verheirathen). 
Ermannen  {tr.,  reft.),  to  encourage,  to  recover,  to  regain  strength 

and  manly  courage.     Ermannen  Sie  sich!  take  heart! 
tJberinannen  {tr.),  to  overwhelm,  to  overcome,  to  overpower. 
MARSCHIREN  {intr.,  hah.,  *),  marschirte,  marschirt,  to  move,  to 
march,  to  walk;   to  pace. 
Anmarschiren  {sep.,  intr.,  *),  to  march  toward  or  against;  to  advance; 
to  march  along. 
MARTERN  {tr.,  ace),  marterte,  gemartert,  to  torment,  to  torture, 
to  (put  to  the)  rack;  to  kill  a  person  (by  torturing). 
Abmartem  {sep.,  tr.,  ace,  reft.,  dat.),  to  extort  (a  thing  from  a  person); 
to  torture  (a  person) ;  to  harass  (oneself  to  death) ;  to  torment,  vex, 
worry;   to  rack  (one's  brains). 
MASSIGEN  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  massigte,  gemassigt,  to  moderate;    to 
'-^^-v-v  temper,  to  mitigate,  to  restrain;  regulate,  to  restrict,  to  lessen. 

\Ermassigen  {tr.,  ace),  to  lessen;  to  moderate;  to  lower,  to  diminish; 
v^        to  reduce,  to  abate.     Eine  Strafe  ermassigen,  to  reduce  a  sentence. 
-..■"^lASTEN  {tr.,  reft.),  mastete,  gemastet,  to  feed,  to  fatten;  to  cram 
(poultry);   to  batten. 
MEHREN  {tr.,  reft.),  mehrte,  gemehrt,  to  increase,  to  augment,  to 
accumulate;  to  grow  apace. 
Vermehren  {tr.,  reft.),  to  multiply,  enlarge,  add,  extend;  to  swell,  to 
propagate;  to  breed;  to  increase. 
MEINEN  {tr.,  intr.),  meinte,  gemeint,  to  beUeve,  fancy,  think;    to 
imagine;   to  be  of  opinion;   to  suppose,  assert.     Was  meinen  Sie? 
what  do  you  mean,  aim  at,  intend,  purpose,  allude,  refer  to  ? 
Vermeinen  {tr.,  intr.),  to  imagine,  presume,  suppose;    to  be  under 
the  impression. 
MELDEN  {tr.,  intr.,  reft.,  dat.),  meldete,  gemeldet,  to  announce,  to 
bring  word  to;   to  report,  return;    to  tell  of;    to  mention,  say;   to 
usher  in;    to  apply  for.     Sich  melden  lassen,  to  announce  oneself, 
to  send  in  one's  name,  to  report  oneself. 
Abmelden  {tr.,  sep.,  reft.),  to  countermand;  to  give  notice. 
Anmelden  {tr.,  reft.,  sep.),  to  notify;    to  give  notice;  to  announce, 
report;    to  send  word. 


I 


Regular    Verbs.  157 

Ermelden  (dot.),  to  purport,  to  mean,  to  signify;    to  say. 
Vermelden  {insep.,  imp.,  tr.,  dai.),  to  notify;    to  be  duly  informed; 

to  announce. 
MELKEN  {tr.,  ace;  used  reg.  and  irreg.),  melkte,  gemelkt,  to  milk, 

to  draw  from  (by  milking).      For   melken  {tr.,  ace),  to  drain,  to 

impoverish,  etc.,  see  list  of  irregular  verbs,  page  50. 
MENGEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  mengte,  gemengt,  to  mix,  to  mingle,  to 

blend;    to  embroil;    to  muddle;    to  intermingle;    to  mash. 
Abmengen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  muddle  up;   to  intermingle. 
Einmengen  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  intersperse;    to  put  in,  to  insert;    to 

mingle  with;    to  meddle  in,  to  interfere,  interpose,  intercede. 
Vermengen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  mix  or  to  muddle  up;    to  entangle; 

to  jumble;   to  blend. 
MERKEN  {tr.,  dat.,  refl.),  merkte,  gemerkt,  to  mark,  to  note,  to  re- 
member; to  advert;  to  heed,  to  observe,  to  take  notice;  to  intimate; 

to  impress  on  one's  memory;  to  bear  in  mind;  to  retain  something. 
Abmerken  {tr.,  dat.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  learn  a  thing  by  observing,  to  pay 

strict  attention,  to  see  closely;   to  take  notice  of;   to  note  down. 
Anmerken  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  remark,  to  observe,  to  perceive,  to 

become  aware;    to  quote;    to  jot  down. 
Aufmerken  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  mark  or  note  or  put  down;  to  give 

or  pay  attention,  to  listen,  to  heed,  to  mark,  to  mind,  to  watch, 

to  observe. 
Bemerken  {tr.,  ace),  to  remark,  to  see,  to  discover,  to  perceive,  to 

become  aware  of,  to  mention. 
Beimerken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  add,  to  add  by  the  way;  to  observe. 
Einmerken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  embroider,  to  inwork;  to  mark  in; 

to  put  initials  into. 
Vermerken  {tr.,  ace),  to  note,  to  take  notice,  to  observe;   to  enter; 

to  listen. 
Zumerken  {intr.,  sep.),  to  pay  attention;  to  listen;  to  take  heed;  to 

remember. 
MIETHEN  {tr.,  ace),  miethete,  gemiethet,  to  take;  to  hire,  rent,  lease ; 

engage;  charter. 
Abmiethen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  hire  or  to  rent  a  thing  from  a  person;    to 

engage  or  lease. 
Anmiethen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  engage;  to   hire  something;   to 

rent  by  paying  on  a  certain  sum. 
Ausmiethen  {sep.,  tr.,  o.),  to  hire;  to  let  out;  to  dislodge  (a  person); 

to  find  a  lodging  (for  a  person);    to  take  out  or  put  out  of  the  rick 

or  stack. 
Einmiethen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  take  a  lodging  for  a  person,  to  hire, 

to  take  up  lodgings  or  quarters  (einquartiren). 
Vermiethen  {tr.,  ace),  to  let  out,  to  let  out  on  hire  or  on  lease;    to 


158  Regular   Verbs. 

relet,  to  sublet;  to  rent  out.  Ein  Haus  vermiethen,  to  let  a  house. 
Moblirte  Zimmer  vermiethen,  to  rent  furnished  rooms. 
MILDERN  (/r.,  ace),  milderte,  gemildert,  to  soften,  smooth,  mod- 
erate; to  temperate;  to  extenuate;  to  lessen,  diminish;  to  mitigate, 
alleviate;  to  tone  down. 
MISCHEN  (/r.,  ace,  refl.),  mischte,  gemischt,  to  mix,  to  blend, 
to  mingle;  to  shuffle;  to  mash;  to  alloy;  to  pack;  to  meddle,  to 
interfere. 

Aufmischen   (/r.,   ace,   sep.),   to  mix  together,   to  blend  together, 
to  mix  up;    to  join. 

Ausmischen  (/r.,  ace,  sep.),  to  alloy,  to  amalgamate,  to  pour  out. 

Einmischen  (tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  mingle  with;    to  mix  up,  to  inter- 
sperse;   to  meddle  in  other  people's  affairs,  to  intercede,  interfere. 

Vermischen  {ir.,  ace,  refl.),  to  intermix,  to  intermingle,  to  mix  up, 
to  compound;    to  get  mixed;    to  cross. 
MISSEN  (/r.,  intr.),  misste,  gemisst,  to  miss,  dispense  with;    to  be 
without;  to  grieve  to  part  (with  something);  to  spare. 

Vermissen  (tr.,  ace),  to  deplore,  regret,  or  bewail  the  loss  of  some- 
thing, to  miss. 

MODERN  {tr.,  intr.,  hah.,  *),  moderte,  gemodert,  to  moulder,  to  rot, 

decay,  to  putrefy;    to  manure  with  mud  or  slime  (see  vermodern). 
MO  GEN  {auxiliary  verb  0}  mood,  one  of  six),  mochte,  gemocht  (see 

mo  gen,  list  of  irregular  verbs)  (takes  haben) . 
MORDEN  {tr.,  intr.  ace),  mordete,  gemordet,  to  murder,  to  commit  a 

murder;    to  kill,  to  slay;    to  butcher,  to  massacre;    to  assassinate. 
Ermorden  {tr.,  refl.),  to  murder,  to  assassinate,  to  slay,  to  slaughter; 

to  kill  oneself,  to  commit  suicide. 
MtJHEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  miihte,  gemiiht,  to  endeavor;    to  trouble; 

to  toil,  to  labor;    strive. 
Abmiihen   {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to   drudge,  to   slave,  to    fag   away;    to 

struggle;    to  fatigue;    to  exert,  to  toil;    to  pluck. 
Bemtihen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  molest,  to  annoy,  to  inconvenience, 

to  trouble,  to  disturb,  to  use  efforts,  to  strain,  try. 
Vermuhen  {refl.),  to  make  it  worth  one's  while;  to  inconvenience 

oneself. 
MUNDEN  {tr.,  dat.),  mundete,  gemundet,  to  taste  well,  to  be  to  one's 

taste,  to  be  palatable;  to  go  down  well.     Das  mundet  mir,  I  relish, 

I  like  it. 
Bevormunden    {tr.,   ace),   to  be   a    person's    guardian;   to  tutor. 

Jemandem  Vormund  sein,  to  be  a  person's  guardian  (see  primitive 

verb). 
MUNDEN  {intr.,  refl.),  mundete,  gemundet,  to  flow  (into);    to  dis- 
charge or  empty  itself  (into) ;  to  run  or  strike  (into) ;  to  disembogue 

(into). 


Regular    Verbs.  159 

MURREN  {intr.,  hah.),  murrte,  gemurrt,  to  grumble,  to  growl,  to 
murmur,  to  grudge,  mutter,  to  complain  of. 

Anmurren  (/r.,  ace,  sep.),  to  mutter  at,  to  grumble  at  a  person, 
to  complain  at;   to  talk  in  an  arrogant  manner. 

Vermurren  (intr.,  *),  to  be   cut  up  by  torrents  carrying  earth  and 
stones;    to  deteriorate,  decay. 
MUSSEN  (auxiliary  verb  of  mood,  one  of  six),  musste,  gemusst  (see 

mogen,  list  of  irregular  verbs)  (takes  haben) . 
MUTHEN  {tr.,  intr.),  muthete,  gemuthet,  to  take  up  claims;  to 
request  permission;  to  demand  something;  to  be  inclined,  to  be 
disposed.  Wohlgemuth  sein,  to  be  in  good  humor.  Muthmassen, 
to  guess;  to  make,  give,  or  have  a  guess;  to  presume,  to  sup- 
pose;   to  conjecture;    to  surmise,  to  augur. 

Anmuthen  {sep.,  dat.),  to  expect  a  thing  from  a  person. 

Vennuthen  (tr.)  (see  primitive  verb). 

Zumuthen  {tr.,  sep.,  dat.),  to  presume;  to  exact,  to  impute.  Ichkann 
es  ihm  nicht  zumuthen,  I  cannot  expect  it  of  him.  Welch  eine 
Zumuthung,  what  a  presumption. 


N. 

NAGELN  {tr.,  ace),  nagelte,  genagelt,  to  nail,  to  tack,  to  spike,  to 

rivet,  to  stud. 
Abnageln  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  take  off,  to  remove,  to  throw  off;  to  take 

away. 
Annageln  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  fasten,  to  nail  on,  to,  up;   to  pin  down, 

to  spike  down. 
Benageln  {tr.,  ace),  to  nail,  to  spike  down,  to  fasten  with  nails, 

to  stud,  to  put  nails  in. 
Umnageln  {tr.,  ace),  to  fasten,  to  put  nails  about,  to  tighten. 
Vemageln  {tr.,  ace),  to  injure;  to  prick;  to  be  dull,  stupid,  or  dense, 

to  be  devoid  of  sense;    to  nail;    to  fasten. 
Zunageln  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  nail  up;  to  nail  down;  to  fasten;  to  put 

rivets  in;    to  close;    to  tack. 
NAGEN  {intr.,  tr.,  ace),  nagte,  genagt,  to  gnaw,  to  nibble;  to  eat  into, 

to  corrode;  to  fret. 
Abnagen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  gnaw  the  flesh  from  the  bone,  to  pick 

the  bone;    to  nibble;    to  wear  out;    to  eat  up. 
Umnagen  {tr.,  ace),  to  nibble  around,  to  gnaw  around  the  flesh; 

to  eat  up. 
Vemagen  {tr.,  ace),  to  gnaw  through,  to  nibble  through;    to  eat 

through. 


i6o  Regular   Verbs. 

Zemagen  (/r.,  ace),  to  tear  or  gnaw  asunder,  to  eat  away,  through; 
to  corrode;  to  erode. 

NAHERW  (ir.,  reft.,  dat.),  naherte,  genahert,  to  bring  near,  approach; 
to  adduct;    to  draw  near,  to  come  up  to;    to  access. 
Annahem  {sep.,  tr.,  ref,.  intr.),  to  bring  near;  to  approach;  to  con- 
verge;   to    use    approximately;  to    bring    together   (a   reconcilia- 
tion). 

NAHREN  {tr.,  reft.,  ace,  o.,  intr.),  nahrte,  genahrt,  to  nourish;  to 

nurse;    to  foster;    to  nurture,  cherish,  to  feed;    to  keep  alive;    to 

entertain;   to  nutrify. 
Annahren  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  feed,  to  make  one  accustomed  to  take 

a  certain  food. 
Emahren  (reft.,  tr.,  ace),  to  support;  to  feed,  to  nourish,  to  nurture; 

to  consume;    to  aliment. 
WASCHEN  (tr.,  ace),  naschte,  genascht,  to  nibble  (at  something); 

to  eat  tidbits  (by  stealth  or  on  the  sly) ;  to  pilfer;  to  enjoy  (forbidden 

things). 
Vemaschen  (tr.,  ace),  to  spend  or  waste  on  dainties  or  on  sweets. 

NECKEN  (tr.,  reft.),  neckte,  geneckt,  to  tease,  banter,  chaff;  to  joke, 
quiz;   to  mock;    provoke. 
Abnecken  (tr.,  sep.),  to  tease  a  person  out  of  a  thing;    to  obtain 

by  teasing. 
Ausnecken  (tr.,  sep.)  (see  necken). 
NEIDEN  (tr.,  o.,  ace),  neidete,  geneidet,  to  envy,  to  grudge,  to  feel 
envious. 
Abneiden  (sep.),  to  begrudge  one,  to  feel  envious  of  one. 
Anneiden  (sep.),  to  envy,  to  feel  envious  of;   to  grudge  at. 
Beneiden  (tr.,  ace),  to  grudge,  to  envy,  to  be  enviable. 

NEIGEN  (reft.,  tr.,  ace,  intr.),  neigte,  geneigt,  to  incline;  to  slope,  to 
slant,  to  converge;  to  bow  to;  to  lean  toward;  to  have  a  liking  for; 
to  be  prone  to  something. 

Abneigen  (reft.,  tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  turn  aside,  away  from,  to  be  averse; 
to  be  disinclined,  to  be  indisposed,  unfavorable  toward,  to  be  un- 
friendly. 

Umneigen  (tr.,  ace),  to  be  flattered;  to  be  sought  after,  to  be  well 
liked,  to  be  cherished. 

Vemeigen  (reft.),  to  make  a  bow;  to  incline;  to  make  or  drop  a 
curtsy,  to  bow  low,  to  make  obeisance. 

Zuneigen  (tr.,   ace,  dat.,   reft.),  to  incline;   to  lean  toward;   to  feel 
drawn  towards  a  person;  to  have  sympathy;  to  take  a  liking  or  a 
fancy. 
NICKEN  (tr.,  intr.,  dat.),  nickte,  genickt,  to  nod,  beckon;    to  drop 
one's  head;    to  assent;    to  bow. 


Regular    Verbs.  i6i 

Abnicken  {sep.,  tr.),  to  give  the  finishing  stroke   to;    to  stab   (with 

the  hunting  knife  in  the  nape  of  the  neck). 
Annicken  (Jr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  nod  to  a  person;   to  greet. 
Ausnicken  {intr.,  sep.),  to  cease  nodding,  to  finish  taking  one's  nap. 
Einnicken  {intr.,  sep.,  *),  to  nod  off;    to  fall  asleep. 
Zunicken  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  dat.),  to  nod  to  a  person;    to    intimate 

something  to  a  person  by  a  nod. 
NIESEN  {intr.),  nieste,  geniest,  to  sneeze. 
NIETEN  {tr.,  intr.),  nietete,  genietet,  to  rivet,  to  cHnch,  to  tie  up; 

to  fasten,  to  nail. 
Annieten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  rivet  to,  to  fasten,  to  tie  to. 
Vemieten  {tr.,  ace),  to  unite,  to  rivet,  to  tie  together  by  means  of 

rivets. 
Zunieten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  fasten,  to  clinch,  to  tie  up,  to  rivet,  to 

bring  together. 
NOTHIGEN  {tr.,  ace),  nothigte,  genothigt,  to  compel,  force,  drive 

to  do  (a  thing);  to  be  bound  to;  to  press,  urge,  invite  to. 
Benothigen  {gen.,  tr.,  ace),  to  be  in  need  or  want  of;  to  be  hard  up 

(for  something). 
NUTZEN    (NUTZEN)    {tr.,    intr.,    hah.,    dat.),  niitzte,    genutzt,   to 

utilize  something,  to  turn  something  to  account;    to  be  of  use,  of 

service  to  a  person;   to  do  a  person  good.     Was  niitzt  es?  of  what 

use  is  it  ?  Was  wUrde  es  Ihnen  niitzen  ?  of  what  benefit  would  it  be 

to  you  ? 
Abniitzen  {sep.,  tr.,  reft.),  to  use  up,  to  wear  out;    to  fret,  chafe; 

to  hackney;   to  consume,  to  spend  or  waste;    to  explode. 
Ausniitzen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  make  profit,  to  take  advantage  of;    to  turn 

into  profit;    to  wear  out;    to  finish  wearing. 
Beniitzen  {tr.,  insep.),  to  profit  by  a  thing,  to  take  advantage;    to 

utilize,   to    turn  to   account;   to  draw   profit   from;   to  make  the 

best  of;   to  use. 


OFFNEN  {tr.,  reft.),  offnete,  geoffnet,  to  open;  to  unwrap;  to  undo; 
to  force;    to  unbar. 
Eroffnen  {tr.,  ace),  to  reopen;    to   commence,  to   start,  to    begin; 
to  inaugurate;    to  acquaint;    inform;    to  explain;    to  relax;    com- 
municate. 
OLEN  {tr.,  ace),  olte,  geblt,  to  oil,  grease,  lubricate;    to  anoint;    to 
receive  the  last  sacrament;   to  administer. 
Einolen  {tr.,  sep.,  ace),  to  smear  with   oil;    to  anoint.     Jemandem 
einolen,  to  make  something  go  down  with  a  person. 

II 


i62  Regular   Verbs. 

OPERIREN  (/r.,  ace),  operirte,  operirt,  to  operate;  to  operate  upon. 

Sich  operiren  lassen,  to  undergo  an  operation. 
ORDNEN  {ir.,  refl.,  ace),  ordnete,  geordnet,  to  order,  set  (aright); 

to  settle,  regulate;  to  arrange;  to  dispose  of;  to  classify;  to  reform; 

to  couple;  to  seriate;  to  systematize;  to  array;  to  parse  or  construe; 

to  form  into  a  procession. 
Anordnen  {ir.,  sep.,  refl.,  intr.),  to  appoint,  constitute,  institute;   to 

regulate,  rule,  order;    to  marshal,  supervise. 
Verordnen  {tr.,  dat.),  to  prescribe;  to  establish,  institute,  to  appoint, 

decree;  to  designate. 


PAAREN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  paarte,  gepaart,  to  pair,  to  couple,  match; 
to  assort;  to  combine,  unite,  add;   form  a  couple;   to  mate,  to  join. 
Abpaaren  {tr.,  refl.,  intr.),  to  range  in  couples;    to  pair  (with  one 
another). 
PACHTEN  {tr.,  ace),  pachtete,  gepachtet,  to  rent;   to  farm;   to  take 
on  lease. 
Abpachten  {sep.,  dat.,  ace),  to  rent  (a  thing  from  a  person),  to  lease. 
Verpachten  {tr.,  dat.),  to  lease  or  farm  out;  to  let  out;  to  sublet. 

PACEIEN  {tr.,  refl.,  dat.,  ace),  packte,  gepackt,  to  pack,  fill,  box  (up), 

to  barrel,  ton;  to  bundle  oflf;   to  go  off  in  a  hurry;   to  seize,  catch, 

to  grasp,  grip,  or  clutch. 
Aufpacken  {sep.,  tr.,  refl.,  dat.),  to  pack  upon;    to  impose  oneself 

upon  a  person. 
Auspacken  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  unpack,  to  unbale,  to  unload. 
Bepacken  {tr.,  ace),  to  load  or  pack  with  luggage. 
Einpacken  {tr.,  sep.,  intr.,  refl.,  dat.,  ace),  to  bale,  put  up;  to  do  up; 

to   truss;    to   pack    (off   or   away);    to  be  off;    to  muffle  or  wrap 

(oneself  up). 
Erpacken  {tr.,  ace),  to  seize  (one);  to  grab  or  take  hold  (of  one). 
Fortpacken  {tr.,  refl.),  to  pack  away;  to  decamp;  to  take  oneself  off. 
Verpacken  {tr.,  ace),  to  wrap  up,  to  make  a  package,  to  use  up  in 

packing. 
Zupacken  {tr.,  intr.),  to  take  hold  of;  to  pack  up,  to  stop  up. 

PASSEN  {intr.,  hah.,  dat.),  passte,  gepasst,  to  fit,  suit;  to  be  convenient; 
to  go  with,  to  match;   to  correspond  to;   to  be  in  keeping  with;  to 
tally  with;  to  be  qualified  for. 
Abpassen  {tr.,  sep.,  dat.),  to  measure  off,  to  adapt;    to  make   suit- 
able;   to  watch. 
Anpassen  {tr.,  sep.,  dat.),  to  fit,  to  measure;   to  be  adapted  to;   to 


Regular   Verbs.  163 

try  on.  Anpassen,  sich,  to  adapt  oneself  to;  to  conform,  to  strike 
in  with. 

Aufpassen  (ir.,  sep.,  dat.),  to  pay  attention,  to  take  care  of;  to  watch 
or  wait  for. 

Auspassen  (/r.,  sep.),  to  pass  through  (ausmessen). 

Einpassen  {sep.,  tr.),  to  fit,  adapt,  adjust;  to  suit  in;  to  accommo- 
date;   to  insert  into. 

Verpassen  (tr.,  insep.),  to  miss,  to  lose;   to  let  a  thing  slip. 

Zupassen  (sep.,  dat.),  to  fit,  to  add,  to  join  to. 

Zusammenpassen  (sep.,  tr.),  to  belong  to;  to  be  adapted  to  each 
other;  to  go  together. 

PASSIREN  (tr.,  intr.,  *  dat.,  imp.),  passirte,  passirt,  to  let  pass;  to 
come  to  pass,  to  happen,  occur;  to  take  place;  to  pass  through 
a  place;  to  clear;  to  cross  (a  line);  to  pass  (muster  or  in  re- 
view). 

PEINIGEN  (tr.,  ace),  peinigte,  gepeinigt,  to  torment,  to  torture,  to 
worry;  to  harass;  to  tantaUze;  to  suffer  (great  pain). 

PEITSCHEN  (tr.,  intr.,  ace),  peitschte,  gepeitscht,  to  whip  (away), 

to  flog;   to  scourge. 
Abpeitschen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  whip  off  (a  thing  from);  to  whip,  to 

scourge,  lash. 
Auspeitschen  (tr.,  intr.,  dat.,  ace),  to  horsewhip;  to  scourge  publicly; 

to  expel  by  a  public  whipping;   to  whip  out  of  a  person;   to  cease 

whipping. 
Durchpeitschen  (tr.,  sep.,  insep.,  ace),  to  flog  soundly;  to  horsewhip; 

to  read,  look  over,  or  despatch  hastily. 
PFANDEN  (tr.,  dat.,  ace),  pfandete,  gepfandet,  to  levy  (a  distress); 

to  put  in  an  execution;    to  seize  something  (as  an  execution);    to 

distrain;  to  take  away,  to  seize. 
Abpfanden  (sep.,  dat.,  tr.),  to  take  a  thing  from  a  person  (as  a  pledge 

or  a  pawn);   to  seize  it  (by  process  of  law). 
Auspfanden  (tr.,  sep.,  ace),  to  put  an  execution  in  a  person's  house; 

to  levy  (a  distress  on);   to  distrain,  to  distress. 
Verpfanden  (tr.,  ace),  to  pawn;  to  give  (as  a  pledge);  to  mortgage; 

to  hypothecate;  to  put  in  (as  a  pawn). 

PFLANZEN  (tr.,  ace),  pflanzte,  gepflanzt,  to  plant;  to  lay  out;  to 
place;    to  implant. 

Anpflanzen  (sep.,  tr.,  refl.),  to  plant,  clear,  cultivate;   to  settle. 

Aufpflanzen  (tr.,  refl.),  to  erect,  set  up,  place;  to  place  or  set  one- 
self;   raise. 

Auspflanzen  (sep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  transplant;  to  unpot;  to  cease  plant- 
ing. 

Bepflanzen  (tr.,  insep.),  to  plant;    to  line  or  set  with;   to  colonize. 


164  Regular   Verbs. 

Einpflanzen  {sep.,  tr.,  reft.),  to  take  root;    to  plant;    to  implant; 

inculcate. 
Umpflanzen  {sep.,  insep.),  to  transplant,  to  bed  out;    to  surround 

something  with  a  border. 
Verpflanzen   {tr.,  insep.),  to  transplant,   replant;    to  retransplant; 
to  transfer  to  the  nursery;  to  pot  or  bed  out. 
PFLEGEN     {tr.,    intr.,    gen.,    ace,    used    reg.    and    irreg.),   pflegte, 
gepflegt,  to  nurse,  take  care   of,   cherish,  nourish;    to  cultivate; 
to  tend;  to  manage,  superintend,  entrust.     For  pflegen  {intr.),  to  be 
accustomed,  to  carry  on,  etc.,  see  list  0}  irregular  verbs,  page  53. 
Verpflegen  {tr.,  ace),  to  nurse,  tend,  look  after;    to  mind,  take  care 
of;   to  supply  with,  to  sustain;   to  provide  with. 
PFLICHTEN  {intr.,  tr.,  dat.),  pflichtete,  gepflichtet,  to  pledge  oneself; 
to  contribute. 
Beipflichten  {sep.,  intr.,  dat.),  to  consent,  to  accede  to;    to  agree; 

to  assent,  approve. 
Entpflichten   {tr.,  ace,  gen.),  to  free   or  make  a  person  free  from 

an  obligation. 
Verpflichten  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  to  oblige,  bind  oneself;  to  pledge  oneself 
to;  to  promise.     Ich  bin  verpflichtet,  I  am  under  obligation,  under 
oath. 
PFLUCKEN  {tr.,  ace),  pfliickte,  gepfluckt,  to  pluck,  pull,  pick;  to 
burl;  to  fleece  (a  person). 
Abpflticken  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  pluck,  to  gather,  to  pick. 
PFLUGEN  {tr.,  ace),   pfliigte,  gepfliigt,   to  plow;    to  break  up;   to 
subsoil;  to  trench;  to  furrow. 
Auspfliigen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  plow  up;  to  cease  plowing. 
PFUSCHEN  {intr.,  tr.),  pfuschte,  gepfuscht,  to  blunder,  to  spoil,  to 
botch;  to  encroach  upon;  to  carry  on  a  trade  without  a  license;  to 
cheat;   to  plow  a  stubble-field. 
Abpfuschen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  do  a  thing  in  a  careless  way,  to  dabble 

a  job. 
Nachpfuschen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  imitate  in  a  clumsy  manner;  to  try  to 

do  a  thing  carelessly. 
Verpfuschen  {tr.,  ace),  to  spoil,  to  botch,  to  bungle,  to  make  a  mess 
or  a  hash,  to  do  badly. 
PLAGEN  {tr.,  reft.,  ace),  plagte,  geplagt,  to  torment,  torture,  worry; 
to  wear  out;    to  trouble,  importune;    to  pester;    to  molest,  tease, 
vex,  annoy,  bore;   to  drudge;    to  slave. 
PLANEN  {tr.,  intr.,  ace),  plante,  geplant,  to  plan,  scheme;  to  project; 

to  conceive;  to  intend  to  do;  to  plot. 
PLATZEN  {intr.,  hah.,*),  platzte,  geplatzt,   to  burst,    to    explode, 
crack;   to  split;   to  break  forth;   to  blurt  out  (something). 
Aufplatzen  {sep.,  intr.,  *),  to  burst  open,  to  explode. 


Regular   Verbs.  165 

Ausplatzen  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  burst  asunder;  to  burst  out  (in  a  laughter). 

Zerplatzen  {intr.,  *),   to   burst    apart;   to  fly   into  pieces;   to  split 
into. 
PLAUDERN  (Ir.,  intr.),  plauderte,  geplaudert,  to  talk,  to  chat,  to 
prattle,  to  gossip,  to  tell. 

Abplaudem  {tr.,  reft.,  sep.),  to  discuss,  to  have  a  talk  about  a  thing; 
to  obtain  a  thing  by  talking. 

Anplaudem  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  deceive  a  person  by  chatting;  to  palm 
a  thing  off  or  on  a  person. 

Ausplaudem  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  tell  tales,  to  tell  abroad,  to  divulge 
or  let  a  thing  out,  to  blurt  out. 

Verplaudem  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  prattle  or  chat  away,  to  waste  time  in 
idle  talk;    to  neglect  over  gossiping;    to  give  oneself  away;    to  be- 
tray oneself. 
PLUNDERN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  pliinderte,  geplundert,  to  plunder,  rob, 
ravage;    to  pirate,  loot;    to  take  away. 

Auspliindem    {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  pillage,  plunder,  to  ransack;   to  de- 
spoil, to  spoliate. 
PONIREN    {tr.,  ace),  ponirte,  ponirt  (deponiren),  to  deposit  money; 
to  place,  stand  or  put  up  something  (hinlegen). 

Deponiren  {tr.,  intr.,  ace),  to  depose;  to  lodge;    to  lay  down;    to 
depone;  to  make  a  deposit  (hinterlegen). 

Exponiren  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  expose  or  endanger;   to  expound  some- 
thing (sich  aussetzen,  erklaren,  erlautern). 

Imponiren  {dat.,  intr.,  tr.),  to  produce  an  impression,  to  impress 
strongly,  to  strike  with  awe,  to  command  respect;    to  face  a  person 
down;    to  impose  upon  (Achtung  einflossen,  Eindruck  machen). 
PRAGEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  pragte,  gepragt,  to  stamp,  to  coin,  to  im- 
press, imprint. 

Abpragen  {tr.,  ace   sep.),  to  impress,  strike  off  by  coining  or  stamp- 
ing, make  good  impression. 

Aufpragen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  imprint,  impress,  to  stamp  upon. 

Auspragen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  coin,  imprint,  impress,  stamp,  to 
pronounce,  mark;    decide. 

Einpragen  {tr.,  dat.,  o.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  inculcate,  to  register,  to  re- 
member, to  imprint,  to  impress. 

Fortpragen  {intr.,  tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  continue  coining. 

Umpragen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  recoin,  to  coin  or  mint  over  (again), 
to  recast,  to  remodel;  to  leave  mark. 

Verpragen  {tr.,  ace),  to  coin  badly,  to  spoil  in  coining  or  imprint- 
ing. 

Zusammenpragen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  coin  or  mint  a  mass. 
PRAHLEN  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  ace),  prahlte,  geprahlt,  to  boast,  to  brag, 
to  vaunt,  to  crow,  to  talk  big,  to  attract  notice,  to  display,  to  parade. 


i66  Regular   Verbs. 

Anprahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  boast  about  things,  to  praise  oneself; 

to  attract  notice. 
Verprahlen  (intr.,  *),  to  talk  big,  to  brag,  to  vaunt,  to  boast  by  trying 

to  attract  notice. 
PRALLEN  {intr.,   hah.,  *),  prallte,"  geprallt,  to  bounce,  to  dash,  to 

knock  against;  to  be  dazzled. 
Abprallen  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  rebound,  to  recoil,  to  fly,  to  spring  back, 

to  reverberate;    to  reflect. 
Zuriickpralleii   (intr.,  *  sep.),  to  rebound,  to  recoil,  to  be  thrown 

back,  to  be  reflected,  to  reverberate. 
PRASIDIREN  (intr.),  prasidirte,  prasidirt,  to  preside  over,  to   sit 

at  the  head,  to  be  chairman. 
PROPHEZEIEN  (tr.,  ace),  prophezeite,  prophezeit,  to  prophesy,  to 

foretell,  to  predict,  prognosticate. 
PUDERN  {tr.,  refl.),  puderte,  gepudert,  to  powder,  to  powder  oneself. 

Einpudem  {tr.,  sep.,  refl.),  to  sprinkle  with  powder;  to  whiten. 
PULVERN  {tr.,  ace),  pulverte,  gepulvert,  to  pulverize,  to  grind,  to  re- 
duce to  powder;  to  levigate. 
Einpulvem   {sep.,  tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  prime;    to  bleak;    to  dust  one's 

face. 
Verpulvem  {tr.,  ace),  to  pulverize;  to  squander  (Geld  verpulvern). 
PUMPEN  {tr.,  dat.,  accs),  pumpte,  gepumpt,  to  pump;  to  pump  out; 

to  borrow. 
Anpumpen  {tr.,  sep.,  ace),  to  borrow  money  (of  a  person);  to  squeeze 

money  (out  of  a  person). 
Auspumpen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  refl.),  to  pump  (water)  out  of  a  place; 

to  free  from;  to  exhaust;  to  extract,  to  make  a  vacuum;  to  exploit 

(a  person  by  borrowing  all  his  money). 
Verpumpen  {tr.,  ace),  to  lend,  borrow;  to  give  on  credit. 
PUTZEN  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  putzte,  geputzt,  to  clean,  cleanse;  to  scour; 

to  shine,  polish;  to  trim,  decorate,  adorn;  to  dress,  to  make  oneself 

smart;  to  spruce  up. 
Aufputzen  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.),  to  brighten,  brush  up;    to  dress  up,  to 

attire,  deck,  trim;  to  flounce;  to  clean  up. 
Ausputzen  {tr.,  sep.,  refl.,  ace),  to  snuff  out;  to  extinguish  by  snuff- 
ing;  to  prune;   trim;   to  cleanse,  clean;   to  decorate,  adorn,  attire; 

to  reprimand,  scold,  lecture  (a  person);   to  empty. 
Beputzen  {tr.,  ace),  to  trim,  decorate,  to  ornament. 
Verputzen  {tr.,  ace),  to  spend  on  finery  of  fine  clothes;   to  squander, 

to  fritter  away;  to  clear;  polish.    Geld  verputzen,  to  spend  or  waste 

money. 


I 


Regular   Verbs.  167 


QUALEN  {tr.,  ace),  qualte,  gequalt,  to  torment,  to  torture,  to  vex, 
to  excruciate,  to  try,  to  worry,  tantalize,  molest;  drudge;  to  impor- 
tune.    Qualender  Schmerz,  excruciating  pain. 

Abqualen  {tr.,  refi.,  sep.),  to  labor,  to  drudge,  to  slave,  to  struggle, 
to  toil,  to  strain  or  exert  oneself. 

Ausqualen  {tr.,  refl.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  worry  or  torment  to  death,  to 
cease  tormenting  or  worrying. 

Fortqualen  {refl.,  sep.),  to  continue  to  live  a  life  of  misery,  to  drudge 
along,  to  go  on  toiling. 

Hinqualen  {reft.,  sep.),  to  drag  on  a  painful  existence,  to  spend  a 
life  of  misery,  of  torture. 

Verqualen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  to  spend  one's  life  in  torment,  in  vexa- 
tion, in  slavery,  in  struggle. 


R. 

RACHEN  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  rachte,  geracht,  to  revenge,  to  avenge;  to 

have  vindictive  thoughts.     Alle  Schuld  racht  sich  auf  Erden,  all 

guilt  comes  home  on  earth. 
Ausrachen  {tr.,  ace.  sep.),  to  take  vengeance,  to  avenge,  to  be  revenge- 
ful, to  show  vindictive  sentiments. 
Fortrachen   {reft.,   sep.),   to   continue   to  revenge,  to   be  avengeful 

without  ceasing. 
RAFFEN  {tr.,  ace),  raffte,  gerafft,  to  snatch  up,  to  sweep  away;   to 

carry  off  hastily;  to  gather  up. 
Auf  raff  en  {sep.,  tr.,  reft.,  ace),  to  snatch  up;   to  rise  quickly;   to  get 

up ;  to  recover,  collect  oneself. 
Zusammenrafifen  {tr.,  reft.),  to  collect  hurriedly;  to  scrape  together; 

to  take  up  courage. 
RAGEN  {intr.,  hah.),  ragte,  geragt,  to  tower,  rise  up. 
Emporragen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  tower  above. 
Hervorragen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  project,  to  be  prominent;  to  protuberate; 

to  stick  out;  to  stand  forward;  to  rise  above. 
Uberragen  {tr.,  imp.,  o.),  to  surpass,  excel,  exceed;    to  transcend, 

overtower,  overlook,  overtop. 
RAHMEN  {tr.,  intr.,  ace),  rahmte,  gerahmt,  to  cream,  to  skim;   to 

put  into  a  frame. 
Abrahmen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  skim  or  cream  off;  to  frame  or  unframe. 
Ausrahmen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  unframe;  to  (let)  cream. 
Einrahmen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  place  in  a  frame;  to  scarf;  assemble. 


i68  Regular   Verbs. 

RANDERN  (RANDEN,  RANDEN)  (/r.,  ace),  randerte,  gerandert, 

to  border,  to  rim,  to  edge;  to  turn  over. 
RASEN  {tr.,  intr.),  raste,  gerast,  to  rage,  bluster;  to  rush;  tear;  to  be 
beside  oneself,  out  of  one's  senses;    to  be  delirious,  distracted;   to 
be  in  passion;  to  do  or  utter  in  a  fit  of  frenzy. 
RASIREN  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  rasirte,  rasirt,  to  shave,  to  get  shaved,  to 

have  a  shave. 
RASTEN  {intr.,  refl.),  rastete,  gerastet,  to  rest,  repose;   to  make  a 

halt,  a  stop.     Rast'  ich,  so  rost'  ich,  resting  is  rusting. 
RAUBEN  {gen.,  dat.,  ace,  tr.,  intr.),  raubte,  geraubt,  to  rob,  steal, 
deprive  of;  to  defame;    to  plunder,  to  prey,  spoliate;    to  take  away; 
to  encroach. 

Ausrauben  {tr.,  intr.),  to  steal  frpm;    to  plunder  (plundem),  to  de- 
prive of. 

Berauben  {insep.,  tr.,  gen.,  refl.),  to  deprive,  to  curtail  of,  to  dispossess, 
divest  of,  to  deprive  oneself  of. 
RAUCHEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  imp.,  refl.),  rauchte,  geraucht,  to  smoke,  to 
reek,  to  fume,  to  steam.     Das  Rauchen   ist  verboten,  smoking  is 
prohibited. 

Anrauchen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  smoke,  to  fill  or  blacken,  to  infest, 
or  incommode  with  smoke. 

Aufrauchen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  rise  like  smoke,  to  finish  up  smok- 
ing, to  smoke  all  out. 

Ausrauchen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  smoke  out,  to  cease  smoking,  to  fin- 
ish smoking. 

Einrauchen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  blacken  with  smoke,  to  initiate  a  person 
in  smoking,  to  color  a  pipe. 

Fortrauchen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  continue  smoking,  to  go  on  smoking, 
to  smoke  on  and  on,  to  be  constantly  smoking. 

Mitrauchen   {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  join  one  in  smoking,  to  smoke  in 
company,  to  smoke  with  some  one  together. 

Verrauchen  {tr.,  intr.,  *),  to  go  off  in  smoke,  to  fume  away,  to  evap- 
orate, to  steam  away,  to  keep  on  smoking. 

Zusammenrauchen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  smoke  in  company;  to  smoke 
to  a  large  extent,  to  be  a  great  smoker. 
RAUMEN  {tr.,  ace),  raumte,  geraumt,  to  clear  away;  to  put  aside;  to 
put  out  (of  the  way);  to  clean,  dredge;   to  leave,  quit,  give  up;  to 
evacuate,  remove  from. 

Ausraumen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  remove;    to  clear  out;    to  sell;    to  steal. 

Einraumen  {tr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  put  in  order;  to  deposit;  to  give  up  to; 
to  acknowledge,  admit,  grant;   to  concede. 

Fortraumen  {tr.,  ace),  to  remove,  clear  away. 
RAUSCHEN    {intr.,    hah.,    imp.),   rauschte,  gerauscht,  to   plash, 
ripple,  to  rush,  splash;  to  rustle,  murmur;  to  vibrate,  lisp;  to  roar. 


Regular    Verbs.  169 

Verrauschen  {intr.,  *),  to  cease  roaring;  to  die  away;  to  slip  by;  to 
pass  or  hurry  away  (like  a  rushing  stream). 

RECHNEN  (/r.,  ace,  intr.),  rechnete,  gerechnet,  to  count,  to  bar- 
gain, to  cast  up,  to  reckon,  to  sum  up,  to  calculate,  to  compute, 
to  solve,  estimate. 

Abrechnen  {ir.,  ace,  sep.),  to  make  a  reduction,  to  subtract,  to  bal- 
ance, to  square,  to  settle  an  account. 

Anrechnen  {tr.,  ace,  ref,.,  sep.),  to  credit,  to  put  down  to  one's  account, 
to  charge,  to  rate,  to  score,  to  give  value  to,  to  deduct;  regard. 

Aufrechnen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  count  up,  to  specify,  to  enumerate, 
to  charge,  to  balance,  to  square  up. 

Ausrechnen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.),  to  cast  up,  to  reckon  up,  to  calculate, 
to  compute,  to  set  a  price. 

Berechnen  {tr.,  ace),  to  cipher,  to  calculate,  to  sum  up,  to  com- 
pute, to  value,  to  appraise,  fix. 

Beirechnen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  charge,  to  ascribe  to,  to  attribute, 
to  account,  to  add,  to  include. 

Einrechnen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  include,  to  add,  to  comprise,  to  make 
allowance  for,  to  charge  with. 

Mitrechnen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  help  in  casting  accounts,  to  include; 
to  count  in,  to  add  to  a  bill. 

Nachrechnen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  check,  to  verify,  to  examine,  to  revise; 
to  find  out  by  reckoning;  to  recalculate. 

Umrechnen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  change,  to  reduce,  to  convert  into, 
to  make  a  calculation,  recalculate. 

Verrechnen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  reckon  up,  to  place  to  account,  to 
liquidate;  to  miscalculate,  to  make  a  mistake  in  calculating,  to 
mistake,  to  err. 

Verrechnen  {sep.,  refl.,  dat.),  to  do  a  sum  in  a  person's  presence;  to 
enumerate;  to  count  something  to  oneself;  to  do  a  sum  in  one's  head. 

Zurechnen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  add,  to  include  in,  to  ascribe,  to  attrib- 
ute, to  include  in,  to  charge. 

Zusammenrechnen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  add,  to  sum  up,  to  figure  up, 
to  total,  to  make  up,  to  include  all. 
RECHTEN  {intr.,  hah.),  rechtete,  gerechtet,  to  go  to  law,  to  litigate, 
to  dispute,  to  argue,  reason,  to  remonstrate,  to  interplead. 

Ausrechten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  fight  out,  to  go  to  court,  to  argue  to 
an  end,  to  interplead  with  an  attorney. 

Bevorrechten  (bevorrechtigen)  {tr.,  ace),  to  privilege;  to  peculiar- 
ize;    to  monopolize;    to  offer  special  rights. 

Entrechten  {tr.,  ace),  to  outlaw,  to  deprive  one  of  rights. 
REDEN  {tr.,  ace,  dat.,  intr.),  redete,  geredet,  to  talk,  to  chat,  to  speak, 
to  discourse,   to  converse.     Reden  Sie  mir  nichts  vor,  do  not  try 
to  make  me  believe. 


lyo  Regular   Verbs. 

Abreden  {tr.,  inlr.,  refl.),  to  fatigue  or  tire  one  by  talking,  to  agree 

upon,  to  plan,  to  stipulate,  settle,  to  detract;  to  lead  a  person  from 

some  one. 
Anreden  (ir.,  ace,  sep.),  to  address,  to  speak  to,  to  accost,  to  turn  to. 
Ausreden  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  finish  one's  speech,  to  finish,  to  make 

an  end  to   to  utter,  to  say. 
Bereden  {Ir.,  ace,  refl.),  to  speak  ill,  to  discuss,  to  debate,  to  confer 

about,  to  concert  a  plan;  to  conjure,  to  charm,  persuade;  to  cheat; 

to  deceive;  to  slander. 
Beireden  {ir.,  ace,  sep.),  to  attribute,  to  confer,  to  attach,  to  convince 

by  talking. 
Einreden  {tr.,  dat.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  persuade,  to  get  into  one's  head,  to 

convince,  to  interrupt;  to  object. 
Fortreden    {tr.,   intr.,  sep.),  to   continue  to  speak,  to  chat,  to  pro- 
ceed, to  run  on,  to  go  on  speaking. 
Mitreden  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  put  in  a  word,  to  join  in  a  conversation 

or  discussion;    to  speak  at  the  time. 
Nachreden  {Ir.,  intr.,   sep.),  to  imitate,  to  repeat  another's  remark  or 

speech,  talk;    to  speak  like  another;   to  slander. 
tiberreden  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  persuade,  to  win  over,  to  convince, 

to  allow,  to  prevail. 
Verreden    {tr.,  intr.,  refl.),  to  forswear  or  abjure;   to  renounce,  to 

promise  to   abstain   from  doing  a  thing;   to  blunder;   to  splutter; 

to  plead  excuses;    to  vow. 
Vorreden  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  dat.,  refl.),  to  make  a  person  believe  some- 
thing; to  talk  a  person  into  an  opinion.     Sich  etwas  vorreden  lassen, 

to  let  oneself  be  humbugged. 
Zureden  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  advise;  to  urge;  to  persuade;  to  console, 

to  encourage,  to  admonish,  to  entreat. 
Zusaimnenreden   {tr.,  intr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  marry,  to  pronounce  the 

nuptial  benediction;   to  talk  or  speak. 

REGEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  regte,  geregt,  to  stir,  to  agitate,  to  move,  to 
rouse,  to  awaken,  to  breathe. 
Anregen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  animate,  to  excite,  to  irritate,  to  quicken, 

to  stimulate,  to  urge;  to  cheer. 
Aufregen  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  excite,  to  incite,  to  agitate,  to  get  angry, 

to  vex,  to  stir,  to  inflame. 
Erregen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  cause,  produce,  bring,  or   draw  forth; 
to  agitate,  to  excite;   to  inflame;  to  animate;   to  provoke;   to  over- 
excite;   to  stir  up,  to  work  up. 
REGIEREN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  regierte,  regiert,   to  reign,  to  rule,  to 
govern,  to  guide,  to  conduct,  to  direct. 
Mitregieren  {intr.,  sep.),    to   be   a    co-regent,  to  be  a  fellow-ruler, 
to  rule  with  some  one  together. 


Regular    Verbs.  171 

Zusammenregieren    {intr.,   sep.),  to  govern,  to  reign  by  a  body, 
to  be  under  an  administration. 
REGNEN  {imp.,  intr.,  tr.,  ace),  regnete,  geregnet,  to  rain,  to  drizzle, 
to  be  rainy,  wet,  showery;   to  sprinkle. 

Beregnen  {tr.,  ace),  to  rain  over,  to  get  wet,  to  be  watered  or  re- 
freshed by  rain. 

Hineinregnen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  rain  through,  to  rain  in. 

Verregnen  {tr.,  ace),  to  be  spoiled  or  marred  by  rain,  to  be  dampened 
by  rain. 

REICHEN    {imp.,    dat.,    tr.,    intr.),   reichte,  gereicht,  to    reach,  to 

hand,  to  pass,  to  give,  to  present,  to  offer.     Es  reicht,  it  is  enough. 
Ausreichen  {sep.,  intr.),  to  be  sufficient,  enough,  to  suffice,  to  extend, 

to  spread,  to  give  out;    pass. 
Einreichen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  present,  to  hand,  to  deliver,  to  produce. 
Erreichen  {tr.,  ace),  to  reach,  to  gain,  to  attain,  to  obtain,  to  get, 

to  procure,  to  secure. 
Gereichen  {intr.,  dat.,  imp.,  insep.),  to  redound,  conduce,  to  tend;  to 

prove,  contribute;  to  do,  afford.     Es  gereicht  mir  zur  Ehre,  it  does 

me  honor. 
Hinreichen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  suffice,  to  offer,  to  hand,  to  give, 

to  present. 
Uberreichen   {tr.,  sep.),  to  reach  over,  to  extend,  to  exceed,  to  go 

beyond;   present,  deliver. 
Umreichen  {tr.,  ace)    (umfassen),  to  embrace,  to  clasp,  to  hug,  to 

clutch,  to  span,  to  encircle,  to  comprehend,  include,  comprise;  to 

reset,  to  enclose. 
Umherreichen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  hand  or  to  pass  around  (herum- 

reichen,  to  pass  or  hand  round,  also  "herumlangen"). 

REIHEN  {tr.,  refl.),  reihte,  gereiht,  to  file,  rank,  range;   to  form  (a 
row);    to  string  (together);    to  stitch,  tack. 
Anreihen  {tr.,  refl.),  to  add,  annex,  join;    to  tack  or  run  (together). 

REINIGEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  reinigte,  gereinigt,  to  clean,  purify,  refine; 

sweep;  polish;  rub;  scrub;  cleanse;  peel,  shell;  to  prepare;  to  purge; 

rectify;    to  amend,  revise,  reform. 
Ausreinigen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  cleanse  (thoroughly). 
REISEN  {intr.,  *  imp.,   refl.),  reiste,  gereist,  to    travel,  to  journey, 

to  go,  to  take  a  trip;   to  shift. 
Abreisen  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  depart,  to  set  off,  to  start,  to  set  out  for  a 

trip. 
Anreisen  {intr.,  *  sep.),    to  arrive,    to   reach,  to  get,  to  depend,  to 

attain,  to  approach,  near. 
Bereisen  {tr.,  hah.,  *  ace),  to  make    a   tour,  to  travel,  to  ride  over, 

to  take  in,  to  visit. 


172  Regular   Verbs. 

Entgegenreisen  (i«/r.,  *  sep^,  to  travel  or  go  to  meet. 

Fortreisen  {sep.,   infr.,  *),  to  depart,  to  start,  to  set  out,  to  leave, 

to  go  away. 
Herreisen  {inir.,  *  sep.),  to  travel  or  journey  hither  or  home. 
Hinreisen  (intr.,  *  sep.),  to  travel,  to  take  a  trip  to  a  place;    to  go,  to 

make  a  journey. 
Mitreisen   (sep.,  intr.,  *),  to  go  or  travel  with,  to  join  a  party,  to  be  a 

fellow-traveler. 
Nachreisen    {sep.,  intr.,  dat.,  *),  to  go  after,  to  travel  after,  to  rejoin, 

to  foUow  one. 
Verreisen    {intr.,   *),  to    go,  to   set   out  on  a  journey,  to  leave,  to 

start,  to  travel,  to  tour. 
Vorbeireisen    (*  intr.,  sep.),   to  travel   or  sail  or  journey  past,  to 

pass  by  in  traveling. 
Wegreisen  {intr.,  sep.,  *),  to  depart,  to  start  on  a  journey,  to  leave. 
Zureisen  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  travel  to  a  place,  to  arrive  in  a  place,  to 

stop  at  a  place. 
Zuriickreisen  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  return,  to  journey  back,  to  go  home, 

REIZEN  {tr.,  ace),  reizte,  gereizt,  to  stimulate,  to  excite,  to  irritate, 
to  provoke,  to  tickle,  to  rouse,  to  stir  up,  to  exasperate;  to  put  out. 

Anreizen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  abet,  to  bait,  to  excite,  to  incite,  to  in- 
flame, to  instigate,  to  stimulate,  to  irritate,  to  pique;  prompt,  pro- 
voke, put  on,  rouse. 

Aufreizen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  incite,  excite,  inflame,  irritate,  chafe, 
to  heat,  set  on,  stimulate,  pique. 

Einreizen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put  one  into  excitement,  to  frighten 
or  tease,  to  inflame  by  teasing. 
RETTEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  rettete,  gerettet,  to  save,  deliver,  free;    to 
snatch  fjom;    to  vindicate;    to  recover.     Jemandem  das  Leben 
retten,  to  save  one's  life. 

Erretten  {tr.,  ace),  to  rescue,  save,  deliver,  free;  to  redeem. 

REUEN  {tr.,  intr.,  imp.,  ace),  reute,  gereut,  to  repent,  to  rue;  to  regret, 
to  feel  sorry  (for). 
Bereuen  {tr.,  ace),  to  grieve,  to  be  sorry  (for). 
Gereuen  {tr.,  imp.  0.),  to  cause  regret;   to  repent,   to  be  sorry  (for). 

RICHTEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  refl.),  richtete,  gerichtet,  to  raise,  erect, 
set  up,  to  turn,  direct,  address,  to  judge,  sentence;  prepare. 
Sich  nach  etwas  oder  Jemandem  richten,  to  act  according  to,  to  go 
by,  to  conform  by,  to  accommodate  oneself  by;  to  follow  a  per- 
son's example;  to  fall  in  one's  ideas. 

Abrichten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  train,  to  dress,  break,  teach,  retrieve, 
to  direct;    shape,  to  fit,  correct. 

Anrichten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  serve,  prepare,  cause,  make,  to  do. 


i 


Regular    Verbs.  173 

Aufrichten  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  erect,  to  raise,  set  up,  bear,  lift 
up,  put  up;   to  console,  comfort,  support. 

Ausrichten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  adjust,  to  straighten,  to  put  up,  to 
execute,  to  effect,  to  commission. 

Berichten  {tr.,  ace),  to  report,  to  give  account,  to  give  notice,  advise, 
to  inform,  to  show. 

Einrichten  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  arrange,  dispose,  organize,  to 
accommodate,  adapt,  adjust,  regulate;    conform. 

Entrichten  {tr.,  ace),  to  clear,  to  settle,  liquidate,  pay,  to  reim- 
burse, to  satisfy,  pay  back,  return. 

Errichten  {tr.,  ace),  to  build,  construct,  institute,  to  establish,  raise, 
open. 

Hinrichten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  ruin,  spoil,  destroy,  to  waste;  to  exe- 
cute, to  put  to  death,  suffer  penalty. 

Verrichten  {tr.,  ace),  to  do,  perform,  execute,  accompHsh,  to  dis- 
charge, fulfill,  attend,  transact.  * 

Zurichten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  prepare,  get  ready,  do  up,  to  turn,  direct, 
dress;  to  ill-treat,  handle  badly. 

ROCHELN  {intr.,  hah.),  rbchelte,  gerochelt,  to  rattle,  to  wheeze;    to 

have  the  rattles  in  one's  throat. 
Verrbcheln  {intr.  *),  to  breathe  one's  last.     Sein  Leben  ist  verrochelt, 

his  life  is  flown. 
ROTEN  {tr.,  refl.),  rotete,  gerotet  (roteln),  to  give  off  a  reddish  color; 

to  give  a  reddish  tint,  to  color  reddish;   to  make  red,  to  redden,  to 

(dye)  ruby;   to  turn  red;   to  turn  scarlet  or  crimson;   to  color  up,   to 

get  flushed. 
Errbten  {intr.,  *),  to  turn  red,  to  redden,  to  blush;  to  flush,  color 

up. 
RUCKEN  {tr.,  ace,  ^'w/r., /ja&.,  *  re^.)>  riickte,  geruckt,  to  move,  shift, 

push,  shove,  to  bring  near,  close,  pull,  draw. 
Abriicken  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  *  sep.),  to    move  off  remove,  or  away,  to 

withdraw,  march  off,  to  disconnect,  to  leave. 
Anriicken  {tr.,  intr.,  hah.,  *  sep.),  to  approach,  arrive,  to  bring  nearer, 

to  push  forward,  to  advance,  come  in  a  hurry. 
Ausriicken  {tr.,  intr.,  hah.,  *),  to  get  out,  march  off,  to  decamp,  to 

march  away,  to  move,  ungear,  disconnect. 
Beriicken  {tr.,  ace),  to  deceive,  cheat,  impose  upon,  to  seduce,  to 

captivate,  to  catch,  ensnare,  to  draw  in  a  trap,  to  dupe. 
Einriicken  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  hah.,  *  sep.),  to  insert,  to  put  in,  to  adver- 
tise; to  put  into  gear,  to  couple;  to  enter  a  place,  to  introduce,  to 
•  intercalate. 
Entriicken  {refl.,  tr.,  ace),  to  remove,  to  take  away,  to  conceal,  to 

draw  out  of  sight,  to  enrapture;  to  put  into  a  trance,  to  throw  in 

a  rapture. 


174  Regular   Verbs. 

Herriicken  (tr.,  intr.,*sep.),  to  move  hither;  to  march  to;   to  come 

near. 
Hinnicken  (tr.,  intr.,  *  sep.),  to  march  there;  to  move  or  remove  there. 
Ifachriicken  (*  hab.,  sep.),  to  march  after,  to  follow,  to   pursue,  to 

promote,  to  push;    to  prefer. 
Verriicken  (ir.,  ace),  to  move,  shift,  displace,  dislodge,  change,  to 

put  out  of  order,  to  derange. 
Vorriicken  (*  tr.,  intr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  advance,  to  move  forward,  come 

near,  promote,  to  progress;    to  make  stand  out;    to  reproach;    to 

march  onward  or  forward. 
Wegriicken  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  move  away;  to  withdraw  (with  a  chair); 

.to  remove. 
Zuriicken  {tr.,  intr.,  hab.,  *  sep.),  to  move,  push,  or  shove  toward,  to 

pull  or  come  near,  to  advance. 
Zuruckriicken  (tr.,  intr.,  hab.,  *  sep.),  to  push  or  move  back,  to  back, 

to  retreat,  to  go  back. 

RUHEN  {intr.,  imp.,  refl.),  ruhte,  geruht,  to  rest  oneself,  to  take  a  rest; 
to  repose,  to  be  at  ease;  to  be  at  leisure,  to  rest  idle,  to  do  nothing;  to 
sit  still;  to  be  at  a  standstill.  Ich  wiinsche  Ihnen  wohl  zu  ruhen, 
I  hope  you  will  have  a  good  night's  rest. 

Geruhen  {intr., hab.),  to  deign,  to  please,  to  be  pleased;  to  condescend; 
to  vouchsafe. 
RUHMEN  {tr.,  refl.),  riilimte,  geriihmt,  to  praise,  glorify,  commend, 
to  eulogize,  to  extol,  laud.  Beriihmt  machen,  to  render  one  famous 
or  renowned,  celebrated,  illustrious,  give  a  great  name.  Beriihmt 
sein,  to  be  well  known,  distinguished,  celebrated,  renowned.  Be- 
riihmt werden,  to  become  famous,  celebrated,  distinguished. 

Anriihmen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.,  gen.),  to  commend,  to  exalt,  to  celebrate, 
to  puflf,  advertise;  to  speak  honorable. 

Nachriihinen   {tr.,  sep.),   to  belaud,  to  say  something  in  praise  of 
a  person;  posthumous  fame,  to  glorify  one  after  death. 
RUHREN  {intr.,  tr.,  refl.),  riihrte,  geriihrt,  to  touch;  to  stir,  to  move; 
to  affect;   to  mix,  scramble;   to  be  astir. 

Anriihren  {tr.,  sep.),  to  touch,  handle. 

Beriihren  {tr.,  refl.),  to  touch  a  thing;  to  handle,  to  finger;  to  touch 
upon,  to  mention;  to  affect,  to  adjoin. 

Umruhren  {tr.,  sep.),  to  stir  up  or  round;  to  paddle,  to  rake. 

Verriihren  {tr.),  to  mix  up  by  stirring. 
RUMPELN  {tr.,  hab.,   intr.),   nimpelte,   gerumpelt,  to   rumble,  to 
rattle;   to  turn  everything  into  confusion;   to  throw  everything  up- 
side down. 

Ubemimpeln  {tr.),  to  surprise,  to  attack  a  person  unawares.  Sich 
iiberrumpeln  lassen,  to  be  caught  napping;  to  allow  oneself  to  be 
cheated  out  of  (provincial  term). 


Regular    Verbs.  175 

RtJMPFEN  {tr.),  riimpfte,  geriimpft,  to  sneer,  to  despise;    to  show 

one's  disapproval;  to  wrinkle,  to  curl.     Die  Nase  riimpfen,  to  turn 

one's  nose,  to  dislike  a  thing,  to  sneer  or  make  remarks. 
Verriimpfen     {tr.,    ace,    intr.)   (verrunzeln),   to    get    wrinkled,    to 

shrivel,  to  undue. 
RUNZELN  {tr.,  rejl.,  ace),  runzelte,  gerunzelt,  to  wrinkle,  to  frown, 

to  knit  one's  brows;  to  form  wrinkles ;  to  shrivel.   Die  Stirne  runzeln, 

to  knit  one's  brows;  to  frown,  to  be  vexed  or  angry. 
Ausrunzeln    {tr.,  ace,   sep.),    to    unwrinkle,    to    smooth    down,  to 

straighten  up. 
Verrunzeln  {tr.,  intr.,  *),  to  get  wrinkled,  to  shrivel,  to  mess  up;   to 

render  disorderly;   to  wrinkle,  shrivel. 
RliSTEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  riistete,  geriistet,  to  prepare,  to  get  ready, 

arrange,  make  preparations,  to  arm;  to  fit  out,  furnish;  to  rig  out, 

raise. 
Abriisten  {tr.,  intr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  take  down,  to  dismantle,  to  lay  up, 

to  remove,  to  throw  or  take  off;   to  demobilize;   to  put  on  a  peace 

footing, 
Ausriisten  {tr.,  ace,  rejl.,  sep.),  to  provide,  supply,  to  arm,  furnish, 

endow,  get  ready,  to  complete,  to  fit  up. 
Entriisten  {tr.,  ace,  ref,.),  to  rouse,  to  make  a  person  indignant,  to 

fill  one  with  scorn,  to  stir  or  make  one  angry. 
RUTSCHEN  {intr.,  hob.,  *),  rutschte,  genitscht,  to  slide,  glide,  slip; 

to  roll  down;  to  crumble;  to  give  way;  to  sUp  through  (figuratively). 
Abrutschen  {sep.,  intr.,  *),  to  sneak  away  or  off;   to  die;   to  kick  the 

bucket;   to  sHp,  ghde,  slide  down. 
Ausrutschen  {intr.,  sep.,  *),  to  lose  one's  footing;  to  slip;  to  drive  out; 

to  take  a  trip;    to  cease  slipping. 
RUTTELN  {tr.,  intr.),  riittelte,  geriittelt,  to  shake,  jog,  rock;   to  jolt, 

to  rattle. 
Aufriitteln  {ace,  rejl.,  tr.,  sep.),  to  shake  or  to  stir  up;   to  rouse,  to 

start;  to  shake  off  one's  lethargy,  one's  idleness. 


S. 

SAGEN  {tr.,  intr.,  dat.),  sagte,  gesagt,  to  tell,  to  say,  to  speak,  to  ob- 
serve;  to  give  out  something;  to  mention. 

Absagen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  refuse,  withdraw,  to  declare  off,  to  break, 
to  cancel,  decline;    excuse  oneself. 

Ansagen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.),  to  announce,  to  speak  out,  to  warn,  to 
tell,  to  summon;    to  make  trumps  in  cards. 

Aufsagen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  say,  to  rehearse,  to  recite,  to  repeat; 
to  cancel,  to  give  notice. 


176  Regular    Verbs. 

Aussagen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  make  a  statement,  to  finish  saying,  to 
express,  to  declare,  to  afl5rm,  depose. 

Besagen  (ir.,  imp.,  ace),  to  say,  purport,  to  signify,  to  mean,  men- 
tion, to  express,  pronounce,  state. 

Entsagen  (tr.,  dat.),  to  give  up,  refuse,  to  abandon,  to  abdicate,  to 
forswear^  resign,  relinquish. 

Lossagen  {reft.,  ace,  sep.,  tr.),  to  renounce,  to  give  up  something;  to 
repudiate;    to  declare  ofiF;    to  desist  from. 

Nachsagen  {tr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  repeat,  to  say  a  thing  over  again;  to 
speak  behind  one's  back,  to  tell  things. 

Versagen  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.),  to  deny,  refuse,  not  to  grant,  to  miss,  fail 
to  do  a  thing,  to  renounce. 

Voraussagen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  tell  before,  to  forecast,  to  predict, 
to  prophesy,  to  foretell. 

Vorhersagen  {tr ,  ace,  sep.),  to  predict,  to  prophesy,  to  prognose. 

Wahrsagen  {dat.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  foretell,  to  predict;  to  divine;  to 
prophesy.     Sich  wahrsagen  lassen,  to  have  one's  fortune  told. 

Zusagen  {tr.,  sep.,  dat.),  to  promise,  to  pledge,  to  consent,  to  corre- 
spond, to  be  according  to  one's  liking. 

SAGEN  {tr.,  ace),  sagte,  gesagt,  to  saw;  to  cut  through;  to  cut  down; 
to  cut  with  a  saw;  to  file. 
Zersagen  {tr.),  to  saw  up  to  pieces;   to  cut;   to  asunder;    to  resaw. 

SALZEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  salzte,  gesalzt,  to  season,  to  salt  down, 
to  pickle,  to  brine,  to  souse. 

Absalzen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  salt  well,  to  pickle,  to  season. 

Ansalzen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  salt  a  Uttle;  to  speak  ill  of  a  person,  to 
slander. 

Aussalzen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  salt,  to  spice;  to  separate  (soap)  by 
means  of  salt. 

Besalzen  {tr.,  ace),  to  put  salt  on;   to  spoil;   to  fool. 

Einsalzen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  preserve,  season,  sprinkle  or  impreg- 
nate; to  dry  or  to  cure;  to  get  one  into  trouble. 

Ubersalzen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put  salt  or  spice  over,  to  have  things 
well  preserved  or  pickled. 

Versalzen  {tr.,  ace),  to  oversalt,  to  salt  too  much,  to  spoil  with  salt- 
ing;   to  mar  pleasure. 

SAMMELN  {tr.,  refl.),  sammelte,  gesammelt)  to  gather,  to  amass,  to 
store  up;  to  gather  in;  to  harvest;  to  get  in;  to  reap;  to  bring,  get, 
or  draw  together;  to  accumulate,  heap,  or  lay  up;  to  stock,  mass, 
collect;  to  make  a  collection;  to  canvass;  to  assemble,  collect;  to 
mass  together;  to  congregate. 
Versammeln  {tr.,  refl.),  to  call  together,  to  assemble;  to  convene;  to 
summon;  to  gather,  congregate;  to  muster,  meet,  to  flock  together. 


Regular    Verbs.  177 

SAUGEN  {intr.,  tr.,  dat.,  ace),  to  suck,  absorb,  to  swig;  to  suck  up;  to 
suck  in;  to  sponge;  to  attach  oneself  to  (by  sucking).  Sich  satt 
saugen,  to  suck  oneself  full. 
Aufsaugen  {sep.,  tr.),  to  draw  in;  to  reabsorb;  to  make  sore  by  suck- 
ing. 
Aussaugen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.,  intr.),  to  cease  sucking;  to  exhaust;  to 
work  out;  to  draw  out;  to  impoverish.  Jemanden  bis  auf's  Blut 
aussaugen,  to  suck  the  very  blood  out  of  a  person. 

SAUGEN  (tr.,  ace),  saugte,  gesaugt,  to  suckle,  to  give  suck  to;    to 

nurse  up,  to  wet-nurse;   to  give  the  breast;   to  lactate. 
Aufsaugen  (sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  nurse;  to  bring  up  by  suckling;   to  be 

reared  (by  sucking). 
Aussaugen  (tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  suckle  sufficiently;   to  nurse  full  time; 

to  cease  suckling. 
SAUMEN  (tr.,  intr.,  reft),  saumte,  gesaumt,  to  hem;  to  seam;  to  edge, 

to  border;   to  skirt,  welt;    to  list;  to  fell;    to  square  (a  plank);  to 

be  slow;  to  loiter,  tarry,  delay,  lose  time;   to  hesitate;    to  detain, 

to  retard. 
Besaumen  (tr.,  ace),  to  square,  edge,  plank;  to  hem,  stitch,  border. 
Versaumen  (tr.,  reft.),  to  let  pass;   not  to  profit  by;   to  miss;    to  be 

absent  from;  to  omit;   to  detain,  to  keep  one  waiting;  to  neglect. 

SCHADEN  (dat.,  reft.,  intr.),  schadete,  geschadet,  to  hurt,  harm, 
injure;  to  prejudice;  to  make  against  a  cause;  to  do  damage.  Das 
schadet  nicht,  that  does  not  matter,  it  will  not  do  any  harm;  never 
mind. 

SCHADIGEN  (tr.),  schadigte,  geschadigt,  to  wrong,  harm,  prejudice, 

hurt,  suflfer. 
Beschadigen  (tr.,  ace,  reft.),  to  sustain  damage,  to  devastate;  harm, 

injury. 
Entschadigen  (tr.,  reft.),  to  compensate,  restore,  to  recover  damages, 

to  reimburse;  to  redeem;  to  repay;  to  repair;  to  retrieve;  to  make 

up  or  amend. 
SCHAFFEN  (tr.,  ace,  intr.,  used  reg.  and  irreg.),  schaffte,  geschafft, 

to  act,  to  do,  to  perform.    For  schaffen,  to  create,  to  produce,  to  be 

busy,  to  be  occupied,  active,  etc.,  see  list  of  irregular  verbs,  page 

59- 
Abschaffen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  do  away  with,  to  abolish,  abrogate, 

suppress,  reform;  to  annul;  reverse. 
Anschaffen  (tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.),  to  procure,  furnish,  provide,  supply, 

purchase,  to  get  in,  to  order,  lay  in. 
Aufschafifen  (tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.),  to  throw  up,  to  heap  up,  to  pile  up, 

to  trench,  to  bring  or  carry  up. 
Beischaffen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put  or  set  aside   to  carry  away  (also 

fortschaffen). 

13 


178  Regular   Verbs. 

Einschaffen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  implant;  to  get,  to  buy  something, 
to  obtain. 

Herschaffen  (/r.,  ace,  sep.),  to  transport,  to  convey,  carry,  bring, 
take,  to  remove,  to  obtain,  to  gather. 

Herbeischaffen  (/r.,  ace,  sep.),  to  bring  up,  to  gather,  to  collect, 
to  accumulate,  to  produce. 

Hinschaffen  (/r.,  ace,  sep.),  to  transport,  to  convey  to,  to  place  or 
bring  to,  to  take  to. 

Mitschaffen  {tr.,  inir.,  sep.),  to  be  a  fellow  laborer,  to  collaborate, 
to  co-operate,  to  do  work  together. 

Verschaffen  (/r.,  refl.,  dat.,  ace),  to  procure,  to  supply,  provide,  fur- 
nish, to  help,  manage,  to  get  a  thing. 

SCHALEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  schalte,  geschalt,  to  strip,  unhusk,  to  un- 
shell,  to  peel;  to  remove,  shuck. 
Abschalen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  peel,  scale,  to  pare  off,  to  take  off 

the  bark,  to  decorticate. 
Aufschalen  {tr.,  ace,   sep.)   (aufschaben),  to  scrape,  scratch,  shave 
off,  to  open. 
SCHALLEN  (?w^r.,  imp.,  hah.,  used  reg.  and  irreg.),  schallte,  geschallt, 
to  sound  or  resound,  to  ring,  to  echo,  clang,  knoll;  trill  (see  list  of 
irregular  verbs,  page   60). 

SCHAMEN  {refl.,  gen.),  schamte,,geschamt,  to  be  or  feel  ashamed 
of  oneself  or  of  something;  to  blush;  to  be  bashful,  modest. 
Beschamen  {tr.,  insep.),  to  make  ashamed,  to  put  to  shame;    to 
confound,  abash,  confuse,  to  humiliate. 
SCHANDEN  {tr.,  ace),  schandete,  geschandet,  to  dishonor,  to  dis- 
grace, insult,  defame,  injure,  desecrate,  profane,  viciate;  soil. 
Abschanden  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  defame,  insult,  desecrate,  disgrace, 

defile,  brand,  stigmatize. 
Anschanden  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  prostitute,  decry,  dishonor. 
Verschanden  {tr.,  ace),  to  injure,  desecrate,  insult  (provincial  term 
schanden) . 
SCHAREN  {tr.,  refl.),  scharte,  geschart,  to  foAi  into  troops  or  bands; 
to  assemble;  to  flock  together;  to  join,  unite. 

SCHARFEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  scharfte,  gescharft,  to  sharpen,  whet, 

edge,  to  grind,  set,  hone,  point. 
Abscharfen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  whet,  sharpen,  to  give  edge,  to  taper, 

to  thin;  to  splay. 
Anscharfen    {tr.,    ace,   sep.),   to   point,    to  sharpen,   to    grind,   to 

whet. 
Aufscharfen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  whet  or  sharpen  again,  to  edge,  notch, 

redress,  restore,  scratch. 
Ausscharfen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  rip  up,  to  cut  off. 


Regular   Verbs.  179 

Einscharfen   {dat.,   0.,  tr.,  sep.),  to  imprint,  impress,   to  stamp,  to 

inculcate;    register  (einpragen). 
tiberscharfen    (tr.,  ace),  to   make   too   sharp,  to   overgrind  (iiber- 

scharf  machen). 
Umscharfen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to   sharpen    over,    to    reset,    regrind, 

hone  or  edge  over. 
Verscharfen  (tr.,  ace),  to  break  to  pieces;   to  give  more  relief  to;   to 

set  in  a  stronger  light  (also  verscherfen,  verkaujen). 

SCHARREN  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.),  scharrte,  gescharrt,  to  scratch,  scrape; 
to  root  up;  to  search.  Sich  durchscharren,  to  scratch  one's  way 
through. 

Verscharren  {tr.,  ace),  to  bury  in  the  ground;   to  bury  without  cere- 
mony;  to  cover  with  earth.     Das  Feuer  scharren ,  to  rake  up  the 
fire. 
SCHATZEN  {tr.,  ace),  schatzte,  geschatzt,  to  estimate,  value,  com- 
pute, to  make  reckoning,  to  appraise,  assess,  to  rate,  to  esteem. 

Abschatzen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  estimate,  value,  appraise,  tax,  to  rate, 
to  measure,  to  assess. 

Uberschatzen  {tr.,  ace),  to  overtax,  to  assess  too  heavily,  to  over- 
rate, overestimate,  to  place  too  high  a  value  on,  to  make  too  much, 
to  think  too  highly  of  a  person. 

Unterschatzen  {tr.,  ace),  to  underestimate,  to  underrate,  to  under- 
value;  to  depreciate. 

Zusammenschatzen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  add  up  the  value,  to  sum 
up. 
SCHAUDERN  {intr.,  imp.),  schauderte,   geschaudert,   to  cause  a 
shudder,  thrill,  to  strike  terror,  to  shrug,  tremble,  thrill,  quiver, 
quake. 

Anschaudem  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  strike  or  fill  a  person  with  horror 
or  awe. 

Erschaudem  {intr.  *),  to  shudder,  to  be  thrilled  with  horror. 

Zuriickschaudem  {intr.,  sep.),  to  shudder,  to  shake  in  one's  shoes, 
to  startle,  to  get  alarmed. 
SCHAUEN  {tr.,  intr.),  schaute,  geschaut,  to  see,  behold,  look;    ex- 
amine, regard,  inspect;  contemplate;  view;  to  fix  one's  eyes  upon; 
to  gaze,  stare. 

Anschauen  {tr.,  sep.,  rejl.),  to  look  at;  behold,  regard;  to  consider, 
contemplate. 

Aufschauen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  look  up  to;  to  lift  up  one's  eyes;  to  be 
attentive. 

Ausschauen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  look  out;  to  take  care;  to  take  a  look; 
to  be  vexed,  annoyed. 

Beschauen  {insep.,  tr.,  intr.,  refl.),  to  behold;  to  examine;  to  visit; 
to  view,  inspect. 


i8o  RegularVerbs. 

Durchschauen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  insep.),  to  see  or  look  through;    to 

see  a  thing  through  another  body;   to  detect,  discover;   to  discern, 

to  find  out,  observe;   to  go  to  the  bottom  of;   to  penetrate. 
Einschauen  (inir.,  tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  see  or  look  into;  to  fathom;  to 

make  deep  study  of;  to  call  upon  a  person,  to  pay  a  visit. 
Entgegenschauen  {intr.,  dat.),  to  look  forward;  to  face;  to  expect. 
Erschauen  (tr.,  insep.)  (see  erhlicken). 
Nachschauen  {intr.,  tr.,  ace,  sep.,  dat.),  to  look  after,  to  send  a  glance 

after;  to  see  if  everything  is  all  right;    to  follow  with  one's  eyes. 
Vorschauen  {refl.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  look  before  or  ahead  of  one;  to  see 

ahead. 
Umschauen  {intr.,  ref,.,  sep.,  tr.,  insep.),  to  look  about  one;  to  look 

around;  to  look  back;  to  look  at  something  carefully;   to  examine. 
Zuschauen  {intr.,  sep.,  dat.),  to  look  at  something;    to  look  at;   to 

be  an  onlooker. 

SCHAUMEN  {intr.),  schaumte,  geschaumt,  to  foam,  to  froth;  to 
effervesce;  to  fizz;  to  sparkle,  to  pearl,  to  cream;  to  rage;  to 
lather;  to  churn;  to  fume  (or  be  fliTshed  with  excitement).  Er 
schaumte  vor  Wuth,  he  boiled  over  with  rage, 

Abschaumen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  scum,  skim  off;  to  despumate;  to  clean; 
to  purify;    to  take  off  impurities. 

Beschaumen  {tr.),  to  cover  with  foam,  to  make  foamy;    to  soil. 

tJberschaumen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.,  insep.,  intr.,  *),  to  froth  over,  to  cover 
with  foam.     Uberschaumende  Lust,  exuberant  mirth. 

Verschaumen  {tr.,  intr.),  to  skim;  to  dissolve  into  foam;  to  turn 
into  froth;  to  fly  off  as  foam. 

SCHELLEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  schellte,  geschellt,  to  strip,  unhusk, 
unshell,  remove,  skin,  peel;  to  sound,  ring,  clatter,  chime  (klingeln). 

Abschellen  (/r.,  ace,  sep.),  to  peel,  scale,  to  pare  off. 

Anschellen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  ring  the  bell;  to  pull  or  draw  or  ring 
at  a  cow-  or  horse-bell;    to  unhusk  or  unshell  corn  for  stock. 

Zerschellen  {tr.,  intr.,  *),  to  dash  to  pieces;  to  shatter;  to  smash, 
to  crust;  to  break  to  pieces;  to  be  shivered  into  atoms;  to  split 
(on  a  rock);  to  be  wrecked  (schallend  zerspringen). 

SCHENKEN  {tr.,  dat,,  refl.,  ace),  schenkte,  geschenkt,  to  make  a 

present  of;    to  present,  to  bestow,  to  donate;    to  grant,  to  allow, 

to  spare;  to  remit. 
Ausschenken  {tr.,  sep.),  to  pour  out;    to  sell  liquors  (by  retail);  to 

give  the  parting  cup;  to  present  with, 
Beschenken  {tr.,  ace),  to  present  a  person  with,  to  make  him  a 

present  of;  to  favor  one  with  (something). 
Einschenken  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  refl.,  dat.),  to  pour  (water)  into;  to  pour 

out  (to  drink);    to  fill  (one's  glass).     Schenken  Sie  mir  ein,  pour 


Regular   Verbs.  i8i 

out  for  me.     Jemandem  klaren  Wein  einschenken,  to  tell  a  person 
the  plain  truth.     Er  hat  sich  was  eingeschenkt   oder   eingebrockt, 
he  got  into  trouble. 
Verschenken  {tr.,  ace),  to  make  a  present,  to  give  away  as  a  present. 

SCHEREN  {tr.,  dat.,  refl.,  ace;  used  reg.  and  irreg.),  scherte,  geschert, 
to  shave  or  cut  off;  to  trim;  to  clip;  to  scop,  poll;  to  care,  to  mind; 
to  remonstrate,  to  object;  to  extend,  to  stretch;  to  warp.  Scheren 
Sie  sich,  go  to  the  deuce!  For  scheren,  to  shear,  etc.,  see  list  of 
irregular  verbs,  page  6i. 
Abscheren  {tr.,  sep.),  to  cut,  to  shear  off. 

Bescheren  {tr.,  dat.),  to  bestow  a  thing  upon  a  person;  to  give,  to  pre- 
sent. Eine  Weihnachtsbescherung,  a  Christmas  gift  or  Christmas 
bestowal. 

SCHERZEN  {intr.),  scherzte,  gescherzt,  to  joke,  jest,  make  or  poke 

fun;  to  dally,  to  sport,  to  trifle;  to  play,  to  frolic. 
Verscherzen  {tr.,  ace),  to  trifle,  to  joke  away;   to  lose  by  one's  own 

fault  or  neglect;   to  spurn  one's  good  fortune.     Er  hat  seinen  guten 

Ruf  verscherzt,  he  forfeited  his  good  name. 
SCHEUEN  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.),  scheute,  gescheut,  to  take  fright,  to  start; 

to  be  shy,  afraid  of;  to  stand  in  fear,  to  hesitate;  to  dread,  to  shun, 

to  avoid. 

SCHICKEN  {tr.,  ace,  imp.,  refl.),  schickte,  geschickt,  to  send,  for- 
ward, dispatch,  transmit,  remit.  Es  schickt  sich,  it  is  proper,  be- 
coming, right. 

Abschicken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  send  off  or  away,  to  forward,  to  con- 
sign, to  detach,  dispatch. 

Anschicken  {refl.,  sep.),  to  prepare  oneself  for,  to  get  ready  for,  to 
be  going,  to  make  up  one's  mind  to  do  a  thing,  to  be  about  doing, 
to  be  inclined  to. 

Ausschicken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  send  out  or  forth,  to  send,  to  detach, 
to  send  on  a  message. 

Beschicken  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  perform;  to  bring  about;  to  attend; 
to  send  to;  to  prepare;  to  make  ready;  to  nurse;  to  inter;  to  bury; 
to  inhume;  to  look  after;  to  provide  for;  to  feed;  to  make  prepara- 
tions for  (a  trip). 

Einschicken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  send  in,  to  transmit,  remit,  present, 
forward,  convey,  furnish,  supply,  communicate. 

Fortschicken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  order  away,  to  send  off,  dispatch, 
dismiss,  discard,  turn  away,  to  send  away. 

Hinschicken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  send  to,  to  transport  to,  to  convey  to. 

Nachschicken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  send  after,  to  forward  or  reforward, 
to  address  or  readdress. 

Verschicken  {tr.,  ace),  to  send  away,  to  dispatch,  to  send  on  an 
errand;    to  banish,  deport,  exile. 


i82  Regular    Verbs. 

Wegschicken  {sep.,  tr.),  to  send  away;  to  exile. 

Zuschicken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  send  or  forward,  to  remit  or  consign, 
to  transmit,  to  dispatch. 

Zuriickschicken  (/r.,  ace,  sep.),  to  send  back,  to  return,  to  remand, 
to  reconsign,  to  retransmit. 
SCHEELEN  (inlr.,  hah),  schielte,  geschielt,  to  squint,  to  look  awry, 
asquint,  to  have  a  cast  in  one's  eyes,  to  cast  stolen  or  furtive 
glances. 

Anschielen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  eye  askance,  to  squint  or  leer,  to  cast 
a  sidelong  glance,  to  ogle. 

Beschielen  {tr.,  ace),  to  squint  at,  to  leer  upon  (beschauen),  to  ex- 
amine closely,  to  view. 

Hinschielen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  leer  at  or  upon  something. 

Zuriickschielen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  return  stolen  or  furtive  glances. 
SCHIFFEN  {intr.,  *),  schiffte,  geschifft,  to  navigate,  to  sail,  to  cross 
the  sea;   to  skirt  the  coast;   to  coast;  to  go  to;  to  sail  to  (segeln). 

Abschiffen  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  ship;  to  set  sail  off  or  away;  to  leave, 
to  depart  (absegeln). 

Ausschiffen  {tr.,  intr.,  hah.,  *  sep.),  to  leave  the  port  or  land,  to  put  to 
sea,  to  set  sail,  to  discharge,  to  unload,  disembark,  land,  to  leave  the 
ship,  to  go  to  land;    to  urinate. 

Einschiffen  {intr.,  *  refl.,  sep.),  to  arrive,  to  get  aboard,  to  take  pass- 
age for,  to  land,  to  enter  harbor. 

Fortschiffen  {tr.,intr.,  hah.,  *  sep.)  (fortsenden),  to  ship  off,  to  trans- 
port in  a  ship,  to  convey  by  water,  to  send,  to  send  away. 

Hinschiffen  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  sail  toward  or  along  a  place;  to 
transport,  to  convey  to  a  place. 

Uberschiffen  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  *  sep.,  insep.),  to  go,  cross,  or  pass, 
to  sail  over,  to  transport  over  in  ships,  to  sail  across. 

Umschiffen  {tr.,  ace),  to  navigate  about,  to  sail  round,  to  circum- 
navigate. 

Verschiffen  {tr.,  ace),  to  forward,  ship,  send,  to  convey,  to  trans- 
port, to  export. 

Zuriickschiffen   {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  return,  to  sail  back  or  home  by 
boat. 
SCHIMPFEN  {tr.,  intr.,  ace),  schimpfte,  geschimpft,  to  insult,  abuse, 
revile  or  vituperate  a  person;  to  call  a  person  names. 

Beschimpfen  {tr.,  reft.),  to  dishonor,  to  disgrace,  to  cover  with  shame 
or  infamy;   to  brand,  to  cast  a  slur  upon;   to  blemish;   to  affront  a 
'  person,  to  insult;    to   depreciate,  to  disparage;    to  cover   oneself 
with  shame  or  infamy. 

Verschimpfen  {tr.),  to  disfigure  (verschimpfiren). 
SCHIRMEN  {tr.,  ace),  schirmte,  geschirmt,  to  shelter  from,  to  put 
under  protection,  to  protect. 


I 


Regular    Verbs.  183 

Beschirmen  {tr.,  ace),  to  protect,  to  defend,  to  cover,  to  shield,  to 

secure,  to  patronize. 
Umschirmen  {tr.,  ace),  to  screen  on  all  sides,  to  protect. 

SCHLACHTEN    (tr.,    ace),    schlachtete,    geschlachtet,    to   kill,    to 
butcher,  to  slaughter;  to  slay,  to  massacre. 
Abschlachten  (tr.,  sep.),  to  slaughter,  to  butcher. 

SCBXEIFEN  {tr.,  intr.;  used  reg.  and  irreg.),  schleifte,  geschleift,  to 
drag;  to  pull  along;  to  slide,  glide.  For  schleifen,  to  grind, 
sharpen,  whet,  etc.,  see  list  of  irregular  verbs,  page  65. 

SCHLEUDERN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  schleuderte,  geschleudert,  to  sling, 
to  hurl,  fling,  dash,  throw,  to  cast,  to  project,  to  shake,  swing,  toss, 
jolt. 

Abschleudem  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  fling,  to  throw  or  cast  away,  to 
fly  off. 

Beischleudem  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  hurl  or  fling  something  to  a  person; 
to  throw  at. 

Entschleudem  {tr.,  ace),  to  throw  forth,  to  fling,  sling,  cast,  or  throw 

.   away. 

Fortschleudem  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  throw  away;  to  saunter  away, 
to  loiter  on;    to  give  away. 

Nachschleudem  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  throw,  fling  a  thing  after  a  per- 
son (nachwerfen). 

Verschleudem  {tr.,  ace),  to  squander;  to  spend  freely  or  lavishly; 
to  waste;  to  throw  away;  to  sell  below  cost;  to  hurl;  to  fling. 

Zuschleudem  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  throw  at,  to  hurl  or  fling  some- 
thing at  a  person. 

SCHLUCHZEN  {intr.,  reft.),  schluchzte,  geschluchzt,  to  sob,  to 
blubber;  to  hiccup.  Sich  in  den  Schlaf  schluchzen,  to  sob  oneself 
into  sleep  (schluckzen;  schlucken). 

SCHLUCKEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  schluckte,  geschluckt,  to  swallow, 
gulp  down. 

Hinunterschlucken  (hinunterschlingen)  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  swallow, 
to  get  down,  to  gulp  down. 

Verschlucken  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  to  bolt  down,  to  swallow;    to  choke, 
to  let  a  morsel  down  the  wrong  way. 
SCHLUMMERN  {intr.,  imp.,  hab.,  ace),  schlummerte,  geschlum- 
mert,  to  slumber,  to  doze,  to  nap,  snooze,  to  lie  latent,  to  lie  dor- 
mant, to  feel  sleepy.     Mich  schlummert,  I  am  or  I  feel  sleepy. 

Ausschlummem  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  slumber  enough;  to  become 
sober;    to  have  done  sleeping. 

Einschlummem  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  cause  or  send  to  sleep,  to  drowse, 
to  lull  to  sleep;  to  delude  in  vain,  to  deceive  with  fine  promises;  to 
make  torpid,  to  benumb,  to  stupefy. 


i84  Regular    Verbs. 

Entschlummem   (intr.,  *),  to  take  a  doze,  to  drowse,  to  fall  or  drop 

or  get  asleep. 
SCHLUPFEN   (SCHLUPFEN)    (intr.,  *),  schliipfte,  geschlupft,  to 

glide;  to  slide;  to  steal  (along). 
Ausschliipfen  {sep.,  intr.,  *),  to  slip  out,  to  fall;    to  hatch,  to  be 

hatched  out. 
Verschliipfen  {tr.,  intr.,  *  refl.),  to  hide,  to  slip  or  sneak  away;   to 

hide  oneself;  to  conceal. 
SCHMACHTEN  (intr.,  hah),  schmachtete,  geschmachtet,  to  languish; 

to  love;- to  be  lovesick;  to  sigh,  pine,  yearn,  to  die  away. 
Ausschmachten   {intr.,  hob.,  sep.),  to  pine  away  in  love;  to  cease 

languishing  or  pining;  to  pine  away,  to  pine  to  death,  to  expire 

languishing. 
Fortschmachten  {intr.,  sep.),  to  continue  pining  or  wasting  away. 
Hinschmachten   {intr.,  *    sep.),    to  languish,   pine  or  waste  away 

gradually. 
Verschmachten  {intr.,  tr.,  *),  to  languish,  to  pine  away,  to  feel  faint, 

to  droop,  to  feel  sinking  or  like  dying;  to  grieve  to  death;  to  starve. 
SCHMAHEN  {tr.,  intr.,  ace),  schmahte,  geschmaht,  to  rail  at,  to 

revile  against,  to  abuse,  to  insult,  to  call  names,  to  vilify,  defame. 
Abschmahen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  scold  at,  to  revile  at  a  person,  to 

vilify  at. 
Anschmahen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  be  down  upon  a  person,  to  rebuke, 

to  speak  harshly  of,  to  defame  one. 
Ausschmahen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  chide,  scold,  to  rattle  off  a  person, 

to  give  one  a  good  scolding. 
Verschmahen  {tr.,  ace),  to  refuse,  to  disdain,  to  treat  with  scorn, 

to  scorn,  to  reject  scornfully. 
SCHMECKEN  {imp.,  tr.,  ace,  intr.),  schmeckte,  geschmeckt,  to  taste, 

to  try,  to  savor,  relish  (kosten). 
Abschmecken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  find  out  or  distinguish  the  age  of 

a  thing,  to  find  out  by  tasting. 
Ausschmecken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  taste,  to  select  by  tasting,  to  try 

or  examine. 
Zusammenschmecken  {sep.,  tr.,  ace),  to  taste  or  try  many  things  at 

the  same  time,  to  examine  by  tasting  various  things. 
SCHMEICHELN  {intr.,  dat.,   refl.),   schmeichelte,   geschmeichelt, 

to  flatter,  court,  compliment;   to  caress,  coax,  fondle;   to  applaud, 

laud;    to  toady,  to  blarney. 
Anschmeicheln  {sep.,  dat.,  refl.),  to  insinuate  oneself  into  a  person's 

favor. 
Beschtneicheln  {tr.,  insep.,  refl.),  to  accost  a  person  with  flatteries; 

to  coax  with  flattery. 
Einschmeicheln  {sep.,  refl.),  to  cajole,  to  do  a  person;  to  persuade. 


Regular   Verbs.  185 

SCHMELZEN  {tr.,  ace;  used  reg.  andirreg.),  schmelzte,  geschmelzt, 
to  melt,  dissolve,  liquefy;  to  reduce,  to  diminish.  For  schmelzen, 
to  fuse,  melt,  etc.,  see  list  of  irregular  verbs,  page  66. 
SCHMERZEN  (intr.,  hah.,  o.,  imp.),  schmerzte,  geschmerzt,  to 
ache,  to  smart,  to  cause  pain,  to  be  painful.  Was  schmerzt  Ihnen  ? 
What  ails  you  ?     Es  schmerzt  mich  tief,  I  feel  it  deeply. 

Verschmerzen  {tr.,  ace),  to  put  up  with  something  (painful);  to  con- 
sole with  something,   to  make  the  best  of  (a  bad  thing) ;    to  cease 
feeling  pain.    Ich  kann  es  verschmerzen,  I  can  lose  it. 
SCHMETTERN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  *),  schmetterte,  geschmettert,  to  dash  to 
pieces,  to  shatter,  to  crash  down;  to  bray,  to  thrill,  flourish,  fanfare. 

Abschmettem  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  dash  down,  off;  to  warble,  to  fan- 
fare, to  bray  trumpets. 

Aufschmettem  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  smash  open,  to  dash  up,  to  awaken 
by  shrill  sounds,  to  open  with  a  crash,  to  yield  a  shrill  sound. 

Erschmettern  {tr.,  intr.,  *),  to  begin  to  ring;  to  sound,  to  blow,  to 
begin  to  warble. 

Fortschmettem  {sep.,  intr.),  to  continue  to  shatter,  flourish,  fanfare. 

Umschmettem  (*  intr.),  to  resound  all  round,  to  sound,  to  bray 
everywhere. 

Zerschmettem  {tr.,  ace,  ref,.,  intr.,  hah.,  *),  to  smash,  to  shatter  to 
pieces,  to  break  to  bits;  to  crush. 

Zuriickschmettem  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  reflourish,  to  throw  back, 
to  dash  back. 

Zusammenschinettem  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  break  to  pieces,  to  smash 
or  cave  in,  to  overthrow. 
SCHMIEGEN  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  schmiegte,  geschmiegt,  to  bend,  sub- 
mit,   to   cling   to,  press    close  to,   to  cuddle  or  snug  together,  to 
twine,  to  cover  in. 

Anschmiegen  {reft.,  tr.,  dat.,  ace,  sep.),  to  join  closely,  to  press  to,  to 
apply,  to  stick,  to  press,  to  sit,  stand,  lie  close  together,  to  nestle 
close  to  a  person,  to  fit  well. 

Beischmiegen  {reft.,  tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  cling  close  to,  to  cuddle  up 
to  a  person,  to  apply  or  fit  to. 

'Einschmiegen  {reft.,  tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  coil  oneself  up,  to  insinuate,  to 
try  to  get  in  a  person's  favor. 

Umschmiegen  {tr.,  reft.,  ace),  to  hold  each  other  in  close  em- 
brace, to  surround,   to  join  closely. 

Zusammenschmiegen    {reft.,   tr.,  ace,    sep.),    to   snug    or    cuddle 
together,  to  embrace,  to  join  closely. 
SCHMUTZEN  {intr.,  hah.),  schmutzte,  geschmutzt,  to  soil,  to  show 
dirt,  to  get  dirty. 

Beschmutzen  {tr.,  reft.),  to  sully,  to  bemire,  to  besmirch,  to  dirty. 
Durch  Gebrauch  abnutzen,  to  thumb  (books). 


i86  Regular   Verbs. 

Verschmutzen  {tr.,  intr.),  to  dirty,  sully. 
SCHNAPPEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  schnappte,  geschnappt,  to  snap,  to 

grasp  at  a  thing,  to  snatch,  catch;  to  gasp  or  bite,  to  grab,  to  hanker 

after. 
Abschnappen  {tr.,  intr.,  *  sep.),  to  snap  off,  to  snap  or  lock  the  door, 

to  stop  suddenly,  break  down,  to  pack  off. 
Anschnappen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  catch  or  take  hold  of,  to  snap  at 

a  thing. 
Aufschnappen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  catch  up,  to  snatch,  to  hunt  up, 

pick  up,  to  fish  out;  to  gasp  for  breath,  to  tip  up,  to  kick  the  bucket. 
Ausschnappen  {tr.,  intr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  go  -off  unawares,  to  come 

unbound.     Herausschnappen,  to  snatch  out,  up. 
Erschnappen  {tr.,  ace),  to  catch,  to  take  hold  of,  to  hunt  up,  to 

fish  out. 
Fortschnappen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  snatch  or  snap  away,  to  gasp 

or  grab  a  thing,  to  take  hold  of  by  snapping. 
Hinschnappen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  grasp  quickly,  to  take  hold  sud- 
denly. 
Verschnappen  {tr.,  reft.),  to  blurt  out  with  something;  to  betray  oneself 

(by  an  indiscreet  remark);  to  commit  oneself;  to  make  a  slip  of  the 

tongue. 
Zuschnappen  (*  intr.,  hah.),  to  close  in  falling,  to  fall  to,  to  clap  to- 
gether. 
SCHNAUBEN  {tr.,  intr.,  reft.,  o.;  used  reg.  and  irreg.),  schnaubte, 

geschnaubt,  to  breathe  quick,  to  snuffle,  to  blow  one's  nose.     For 

schnauhen,   to  snort,   roar,  snuff,   etc.,  see  list  of  irregular  verbs. 
Abschnauben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  snuff  a  candle  off. 
Anschnauben  {ace,  tr.,  sep.),  to  come  along  puffing;  to  snort  at;  to 

snub. 
Ausschnauben  {tr.,  intr.,  refi.,  sep.),  to  recover  breath,  to  respire,  to 

get  one's  wind,  to  snort,  to  blow  one's  nose,  to  bring  out  or  up  by 

blowing  one's  nose. 
Einschnauben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  soil,  to  make  dirty,  to  inhale,  to 

sniff,  to  breathe  in. 
Fortschnauben  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  sep.),  to  wipe  one's  nose,  to  blow 

one's  nose,  to  respire,  to  bring  out. 
Verschnauben  [{intr.,  tr.,  reft.),  to  recover  one's  breath,  to  stop  for 

breath,  to  breathe  or  fetch  one's  breath  again,  to  get  one's  second 

breath. 
SCHNAUZEN  (SCHNEUZEN)  {tr.,refl.,  intr.),  schnauzte  (schneuzte), 

geschnauzt  (geschneuzt),  to  clean,  to  wipe  (one's  nose);   to  snuff 

(a  candle);   to  blow  one's  nose. 
SCHNEIEN  (SCHNEEN)  {intr.,  hah.,  impers.),  schneite,  geschneit,  to 

snow. 


RegularVerbs.  187 

Anschneien  (tr.,  ace,  intr.,  sep.),  to  snow  against,  to  be  filled  with 

snow. 
Aufschneien  {tr.,  intr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  snow  upon. 
Beschneien  {tr.,  ace),  to  snow  over,  to  cover,  to  be  covered  with 

snow,  snow-covered. 
Uberschneien  {tr.,  intr.),  to  snow  over,  to  cover  with  snow,  snowed 

up  or  obstructed  with  snow. 
Verschneien  {intr.,  tr.,  hah.),  to  get  covered,  blocked,  or  obstructed 

with  snow,  snowed-up,  snow-bound. 
Zusammenschneien  {intr.,  sep.),  to  snow  like  a  bHzzard. 
SCHNITZELN  {tr.),  schnitzelte,  geschnitzelt,  to  cut,  chip,  carve. 
SCHNITZEN  {tr.),  schnitzte,  geschnitzt,  to  carve,  to  cut. 
SCHNUREN  {tr.,  refl.),  schniirte,  geschniirt,  to  tie,  to  tie  up,  to  truss, 

to  pinion;  to  lace,  to  lace  oneself ;  to  braid,  to  cord. 
Verschniiren  {tr.,  ace),  to  put  laces  into,  to  provide  with  laces;  to 

cord,  to  tie  with  a  cord;  to  disfigure  by  bad  or  tight  lacing. 
SCHONEN  {tr.,  refl.,  gen.),  schonte,  geschont,  to  save,  take  great 

care  of,  to  be  regardful,  to  use  tenderly;  to  preserve;  to  be  prodi- 
gal or  lavish;    to  be  considerate,  indulgent. 
Verschonen  {tr.,  ace),    to   spare,    to   show   mercy   or   indulgence; 

to  excuse,  let  one  off. 
SCHRAUBEN  {dat.,  intr.,  tr.,  ace),  schraubte,  geschraubt,  to  screw, 

to  tighten,  to  turn  (up);  to  tie  a  person  down. 
Abschrauben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  unscrew,  screw  off. 
Anschrauben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  screw  on  or  up,  to  fasten,  to  tie  by 

means  of  a  screw. 
Aufschrauben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  screw  on,  to  screw  up;  to  exalt. 
Ausschrauben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  unscrew,  to  screw  out,  to  cease 

screwing. 
Beschrauben  {tr.,  ace),  to  fit  or  cover  with  screws. 
Einschrauben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  screw  on  or  in,  to  fasten  with  a 

screw  or  screws. 
Entschrauben  {tr.,  ace),  to  unscrew,  to  loosen  or  untie. 
Losschrauben  {tr.,  ace),  to  unscrew;  to  screw  off. 
Uberschrauben  {tr.,  ace,  hah.),  to  force,  to  wrench,  to  screw  too  much. 
Umschrauben  {tr.,  ace),  to  put  screws  about  or  around,  to  tie  with 

screws  around. 
Verschrauben  {tr.,  hah.,  ace),  to  screw  together,  to  fix  with  screws;  to 

screw  on  wrongly,  to  overscrew,  to  turn  a  person's  head,  to  replace 

a  worn-out  touch-hole. 
Zurechtschrauben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  rearrange  by  screws,  to  fit  up. 
Zuriickschrauben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  slacken  or  loosen  a  screw,  to 

turn  a  screw  back. 


i88  Regular   Verbs. 

Zusammenschrauben  (/r.,  ace,  sep.),  to  tighten  a  screw,  to  screw 

together. 
SCHRECKEN    {tr.,   ace,    refl.;  used  reg.  and  irreg.),  schreckte,  ge- 

schreckt,  to  alarm,  frighten,  startle,  terrify,  to  strike  with  terror. 

See  erschrecken,  list  of  irregular  verbs,  page  25,  for  schrecken,  schrak, 

geschrocken. 
Abschrecken  {tr.,  reft.,  sep.),  to  scare,  dishearten,  to  disspirit,  to 

deter,  to  discourage,  to  bully. 
Aufschrecken  {tr.,  sep.),  to  start  up  with  fright,  to  startle,  to  give 

a  start,  to  start  with  a  nightmare,  to  rouse,  to  alarm. 
Einschrecken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  frighten,  to  daunt,  to  be  affrighted, 

intimidated,  to  scare. 
Erschrecken  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  be  frightened,  to  be  afraid,  terrified, 

alarmed,  scared,  shy,  horrified. 
Fortschrecken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  frighten  away,  to  intimidate  one, 

to  scare  one  away. 
Verschrecken  {tr.,  ace),  to  scare  or  frighten  away,  to  terrify  or  alarm 

one. 
SCHRUMPFEN  {intr.,  *),  schrumpfte,  geschrumpft,  to  crumple,  to 

furrow,  to  shrivel,  shrink. 
Ausschrumpfen  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  *sep.),  to  furrow  out,  to  crumple  more 

and  more,  to  get  shrivelled  all  over;   to  contract  gradually. 
Einschrumpfen  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  shrivel  up,  to  wrinkle,  to  draw 

itself  together,  to  contract. 
Hinschrumpfen  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  wrinkle  or  shrivel  gradually,  to 

draw  slowly  together. 
Verschrumpfen  {tr.,  intr.,  *),  to  get  blighted  or  mildewed;  to  shrivel 

up;  to  cause  to  shrink;  to  frizzle  up. 
Zusannnenschrumpfen  {sep., hah.,  refl.,  *),  to  shrivel  up,  to  shrink, 

to  wrinkle,  to  corrugate,  to  contract. 
SCHULDEN  {tr.,  dat.),  schuldete,  geschuldet,  to  owe  a  person  some- 
thing; to  be  indebted  for  something  to  a  person;  to  be  guilty  of  some- 
thing. 
Verschulden  {tr.,  o.,  refl.),  to  be  in  debt,  to  be  involved  in  debt;    to  be 

indebted;  to  run  or  get  into  debt;   to  be  greatly  indebted  to  a  person ; 

to  be  guilty  of  something,  to  commit  an  offense;    to  be  the  cause  of 

something;  to  wrong  a  person. 

SCHiJTTELN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  imp.,  refl.),  schiittelte,  geschiittelt,  to 
shake,  rock,  toss,  jog,  jolt;  to  concuss,  wag,  rustle. 

Abschtitteln  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  shake  down,  to  shake  out. 

Aufschiitteln  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  shake  up,  to  beat  up,  to  bring  to  the 
surface  by  shaking. 

Beschiitteln  {tr.,  ace)  (beschiitten),  to  throw,  cast,  pour,  to  spill, 
to  spread  a  thing  on  or  over  a  person. 


RegularVerbs.  189 

Fortschiitteln  {ir.,  ace,  sep.),  to  throw  off,  to  throw  away,  to  cast  off. 

Uberschiitteln  (tr.,  sep.,  insep.,  ace.)  (iiberschiitten),  to  pour  over, 
to  spill,  to  cover,  to  coat,  to  heap  or  shower  upon  a  person;  to  load, 
overwhelm. 

Umschiitteln  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  shake  (up  or  about);  to  agitate. 
Vor  dem  Gebrauch  umzuschiitteln,  to  be  well  shaken  before  using. 

Zerschiitteln  (ir.,  ace),  to  derange  or  destroy  by  shaking  or  beating. 

Zusammenschiitteln  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put  together,  to  shake  to- 
gether, to  shake  up  well,  to  mix  up. 

SCHUTTEN  (tr.,  ace,  imp.,  intr.),  schuttete,  geschiittet,  to  pour, 

shed,  spill,  dash,  to  make  up,  to  throw  together. 
Anschiitten  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  pour  or  throw  against,  to  fill,  to  bank 

up,  to  hoard  up. 
Aufschiitten  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put  or  pour  on,  to  amass,  to  heap  or 

pile  up,  to  raise,  build  up. 
Ausschutten  (tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.),  to  shoot  out,   to  upset,   to  hail 

down,  to  throw  out,  to  fill  up,  to  shed;  unburden;  to  reject;  split. 
Beschiitten  (tr.,  ace),  to  throw,  cast,  pour,  spread  a  thing  on  or  over 

a  person  or  a  thing. 
Beischiitten  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  pour  on  to;  to  loosen  the  earth  round 

the  vine-roots;  to  add  to. 
Einschiitten  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  funnel  in,  to  fill,  to  pour  out  or  in, 

to  cover,  to  bury. 
Fortschiitten  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  throw  away,  to  put  out,  to  pour  out. 
Hinschiitten  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  pour  down,  to  pour  out,  to  spill,  to 

place  at  or  in. 
Hineinschiitten  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  pour  in,  to  pour  down. 
Uberschiitten  (tr.,  ace,  sep.,  insep.),  to  pour  over,  to  spill,  to  cover, 

to  coat,  to  load,  to  heap,  overwhelm,  to  overdo. 
Umschiitten  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  upset,  to  spill,  to  transfuse,  to  pour 

from  one  vessel  into  another. 
Verschiitten  (tr.,  ace),  to  spill,  to  cover  up,  to  cover  over  with,  to 

fill  up,  to  bury,  to  entomb. 
Wegschiitten  (tr.),  to  pour  away,  to  throw  away. 
Zuschiitten  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  fill  up,  to  fill  in  the  trenches,  to  pour 

on,  to  add  to. 
Zusammenschiitten  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  pour  together,  to  mix  up. 
SCHUTZEN  (tr.,  ace,  reft.),  schiitzte,  geschiitzt,  to  protect,  defend, 

safeguard,  to    shelter,    to  roof,  to    screen,  to  harbor,  to  preserve; 

to  secure;  to  honor. 
Beschiitzen  (tr.,  ace),  to  protect,  to  defend  against,  to  vindicate 

from,  to  keep  from  injury. 
Vorschiitzen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  throw  something  up,  as  a  defense, 


iQO  RegularVerbs. 

to  take  shelter  behind;   to  plead,  to  pretend,  to  feign  or  allege,  to 

malign,  sham. 
SCHWANKEN  {intr.,  *  hab.),  schwankte,  geschwankt,  to  stagger; 

flicker;  tremble;  vibrate. 
SCHWARMEN  (hab.,  *  intr.),  schwarmte,  geschwarmt,  to  run  hither 

and  thither,  to  ramble,  to  swarm,  to  cluster,  to  drive;  to  err;  to  rove 

about,  to  riot,  to  revel,  to  rave,  to  enthuse  (mad). 
Anschwarmen  {tr.,  acc.^  sep.),  to  begin  to  swarm,  to  address  a  person 

enthusiastically,  to  pay  enthusiastical  homage  to  a  person. 
Ausschwarmen  {sep.,  *  intr.),  to  swarm  out,  to  skirmish,  to  deploy, 

to  cease  revelling,  rioting,  swarming;   to   pursue  fancy.     Ausbum- 

meln,  to  cease  lounging;  lead  a  gay  life. 
Entschwarmen  {intr.,  *),  to  swarm  forth  from,  to  swarm  away,  to 

leave. 
Fortschwarmen  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  whirl  or  swarm  away;  to  continue 

leading  a  gay  life. 
Hinschwarmen  {*intr.,  sep.),  to  swarm  hither  and  thither,  to  ramble 

about,  to  go  from  one  ecstasy  to  another. 
Uberschwarmen  {tr.,  intr.,  ace),  to  go  into  ecstasies,  to  swarm  from 

one  place  into  another. 
Umschwarmen  {tr.,  ace),  to  swarm,  hover,  flit  or  flutter  around;  to 

harass;  to  surround,  as  an  admirer. 
Zuriickschwarmen  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  flutter  or  fly  back,  to  swarm 

back,  to  flit  or  flutter  back. 
Zusammenschwarmen  {*infr.,  sep.),  to  swarm  en  masse;  to  fly  or 

flutter  together. 

SCHWARZEN  {tr.),  schwarzte,  geschwarzt,  to  blacken,  to  make  black; 
to  sable;  to  darken,  to  sadden,  to  sully;  to  defame,  to  slander. 
Verschwarzen  {tr.),  to  blacken,  to  blotch,  to  soil. 

SCHWATZEN  {tr.,  intr.,  hab.),  schwatzte,  geschwatzt,  to  talk,  chat, 

gossip,   to  tattle,  babble,  prattle,  to  prate. 
Abschwatzen  {tr.,  ace,  o.,  sep.),  to  talk  a  matter  over,  to  discuss  it, 

to  have  a  chat  about,  to  obtain  a  thing  by  talking,  to  din  one's 

ears  with  chattering. 
Anschwatzen  {tr.,  ace,  o.,  sep.),  to  palm  off  a  thing  upon  a  person, 

to  talk  or  humbug  one  into  taking  or  buying,  to  beswindle. 
Ausschwatzen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.)  (ausplaudem),  to  blab  or  blurt  out, 

to  tell  or  carry  tales  abroad,  to  let  out  or  divulge  a  secret;  to  buzz; 

to  cease  tattling. 
Beschwatzen  {tr.,  ace),  to  talk  about  or  over;  to  cajole,  wheedle, 

or    blarney   a    person;    to    coax;    to   talk   a   person    out    of    his 

money. 
Erschwatzen  {tr.,  ace),  to  obtain  by  talking,  prating,   chatting,  to 

talk  one  into. 


Regular   Verbs.  191 

Fortschwatzen  (inlr.,  sep.),  to  chat  away,  to  talk  on,  to  continue 
prating,  chatting,  talking. 

Hinschwatzen  (intr.,  sep.),  to  chat  or  talk  on  and  on,  to  talk  without 
aim  or  purpose. 

Nachschwatzen  (/r.,  ace,  intr.,  sep.),  to  repeat;  to  repeat  something 
mechanically,  to  speak  like  a  parrot  (nachplappern),  to  repeat 
everything;    to  gossip. 

Uberschwatzen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  talk  a  person  down,  to  cajole. 

Verschwatzen  (verschwatzen)  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  fbse  one's  time  by 
prating,  to  gossip  or  chat  away  pleasantly. 

Zusammenschwatzen  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  sep.),  to  carry  on  a  conversa- 
tion, to  chat  together,  to  talk  on. 
SCHWELLEN  {tr.,  ace,  imp.;  used  reg.  and  irreg.),  schwellte,  ge- 
schwellt,  to  expand,  distend;  to  rise,  heave,  inflate.  Jamandes 
Muth  schwellen,  to  heighten  a  person's  courage.  For  schwellen,  to 
swell,  become  dropsical,  etc.,  see  list  of  irregular  verbs,  page  70. 

Anschwellen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  distend,  to  bulge  out,  to  intumesce, 
to  bloat,  to  swell  up. 

SCETWINDELN   {intr.,  dat.,  imp.),    schwindelte,  geschwindelt,  to 

swindle,    humbug,    cheat;    to   lay   bogus   schemes;    to   make  one 

giddy,  to  be  or  feel  giddy.     Es  schwindelt  mir  (mich),  I  feel  giddy 

or  dizzy;   my  head  swims  (goes  round). 
Abschwindeln  {sep.,  tr.,  dat.),  to  get  a  thing  by  swindling;  to  obtain 

by  trickery  or  deceit;   to  swindle  a  person  out  of  something. 
Anschwindeln  {dat.,  tr.,  sep.),  to  look  at  a  person  in  a  manner  to 

make    him    giddy;    to    swindle    or    cheat    a    person.     Sich    leicht 

anschwindeln  lassen,  to  be  cheatable,  gullible;    to  be  easy. 
Beschwindeln  {tr.,  ace),  to  dupe,  cheat  a  person;  to  betray. 
Durchschwindeln   {refl.,   sep.),   to  get   through   by   swindling;    to 

shuffle  through. 
Erschwindeln  {tr.,  refl),   to  obtain  by  swindling  or  humbug;    to 

cheat  or  do  a  person  out  of  something, 

SCHWITZEN  {hah.,  intr.),  schwitzte,  geschwitzt,  to  perspire,  to  be  in 
perspiration;  to  sweat;   to  be  moist  or  damp.     Mich  schwitzt  or  ich 
schwitze,  I  am  in  perspiration. 
Verschwitzen  {tr.,  intr.,    hahen,   refl.),   to  pass   off   perspiration  or 
sweat;    to  cease  perspiring;    to  exude;    to  sweat  out;    to  forget;    to 
unlearn. 
SEGELN  {tr.,  intr.,  hah.,  *),  segelte,  gesegelt  (schiffen),  to  sail,  to  make 
sail  for,  to  go,  to  run,  travel. 
Absegeln  (*  tr., intr.,  hah.,  sep.),  to  set  sail,  to  get  under  sail  or  weight, 
to  clear  a  port,  to  clear  anchor,  to  put  out  to  sea,  to  sail  off  or  away. 
Aussegeln  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  sail  for  pleasure,  to  set  out  sailing,  to 
journey  by  sailing,  yachting,  cruising. 


192  Regular   Verbs. 

Besegeln  (tr.,  ace),  to  cruise,  to  be  on  a  cruise,  to  hover  on  the  coast; 

to  sail,  to  navigate;  to  coast  (bekreuzen). 
Einsegeln  (hab.,  *  tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  sail  in  or  down,  to  enter  a  port, 

to  enter  the  narrows;  to  rock  on  sea. 
Fortsegeln  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  set  sail  for,  to  sail  off  or  away. 
Hinsegeln  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  sail  to  a  place,  to  sail  along  a  place,  to 

cruise. 
Nachsegeln  (*  tr.,  dot.,  sep.),  to  sail  after  or  behind,  to  sail  in  pursuit, 

to  give  chas#  to. 
Ubersegeln  {tr.,  intr.,  *  ace,  insep.,  sep.),  to  cross  the  ocean,  to  cross 

over  or  across,  to  outsail,  sail  faster  than;  to  run  aground,  to  sail 

beyond. 
Umsegeln  {hah.,  *  tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  insep.),  to  navigate,  to  cruise  around, 

to  sail  from  one  place  to  another. 
Zuriicksegeln  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  sail  back,  to  return  from  a  trip;  to 

sail  across. 
SEGNEN  {tr.,  ace),  segnete,  gesegnet,  to  bless,  to  pronounce  benedic- 
tion; to  charm. 
SEHNEN  {ace,  refl.),  sehnte,  gesehnt,  to  long,  yearn,  hanker  for  or 

after,  to  fret  or  crave  for. 
Ersehnen  {tr.,  ace),  to  hope  for,  to  desire,  to  be  eager  upon,  to 

hanker,  to  take  pleasures  in  prospect;  to  long  for,  desire  greatly 

(erhoffen) . 
Fortsehnen  {refl.,  sep.),  to  long  to  get  away,  to  wish  oneself  away, 

to  yearn  for  some  other  place. 
Herbeisehnen  {intr.,  refl.),  to  pine  for;  to  yearn  for. 
Hinsehnen  {refl.,  sep.),  to  long  or  yearn  for  a  certain  place,  to  long 

to  be  with. 
Nachsehnen  {refl.,  sep.),  to  long  for,  to  yearn  or  wish  for. 
Zuriicksehnen  {refl.,  sep.),  to  long  to  return,  to  long  to  see  something 

back. 
SEIN  {auxiliary  verb),  war,  gewesen  (see  sein,  list  of  irregular  verbs) 

(takes  sein). 
SENDEN  {used  reg.  and  irreg.),  sendete,  gesendet  (see  list  0}  irregu- 
lar verbs,  page  73). 
SENGEN  {tr.,  intr.,  ace),  sengte,  gesengt,  to  singe;    to  scorch;    to 

parch;  to  be  singed,  burnt. 
Versengen  {tr.,  intr.,  *  refl.,  dat.),  to  burn,  to  singe  one's  hair;    to 

scorch  in  ironing;  to  burn  up  the  crops. 
SENKEN  {tr.,  refl.),  senkte,  gesenkt,  to  sink,  drop,  droop;   to  lower, 

to  bow,  bend;   to  incline;   to  hand  down;   to  subside,  to  settle;   to 

incline,  to  slope. 
Versenken  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  immerse,  to«%ubmerge;  to  commit  (to 

the  deep). 


Regular    Verbs.  193 

SETZEN  {tr.,  ace,  imp.,  intr.,  hab.,  reft.),  setzte,  gesetzt,  to  set,  to  put, 
place,  to  assign;  to  seat  oneself,  to  take  a  seat;  to  run,  spring,  leap; 
fall  upon.  Sich  setzen,  to  sit  down,  to  seat  oneself,  to  take  a  seat. 
Setzen  Sie  sich,  be  seated!  An  Stelle  setzen,  to  place  in  the  proper 
position,  to  put  in  or  on  the  right  place. 

Absetzen  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  imp.,  sep.),  to  remove,  put  away,  to  take 
one's  seat,  to  take  off,  down,  to  dismiss,  discharge. 

Ansetzen  (tr.,  ace,  intr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  add,  to  apply  to,  to  put  on, 
adapt,  add,  to  prefix,  to  suffix,  to  place  close,  to  settle,  establish,  to 
fix,  appoint,  name,  agree  upon,  to  note,  put  down;  to  begin;  to 
thrive;  to  sprout. 

Aufsetzen  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  reft.,  sep.),  to  put  on,  cover,  apply,  to  step 
lightly  on,  to  lean  on,  to  set,  affix  to,  fix,  to  add,  to  raise,  to  head,  to 
deceive,  to  put  or  set  down  in  writing,  draw  up;  to  oppose;  to  mount. 

Aussetzen  {tr.,  intr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  turn  out,  to  set  out;  to  post,  to 
station;  to  expose,  lay  open,  to  run,  risk,  to  ridicule,  to  play  first, 
to  have  first  move,  to  allow,  fix,  put  down,  stop,  to  post  (sentries) ; 
to  eject;  to  display. 

Besetzen  {tr.,  ace),  to  set,  put,  place,  furnish,  border,  edge,  to  trim, 
lace,  braid,  enrich,  adorn,  to  populate,  colonize,  to  garrison,  to 
occupy,  appoint;  to  stake  upon,  to  list,  to  man  (a  ship);  to  mount 
(guns);  to  fill  (an  office);  to  guard  (cards). 

Beisetzen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  deposit  in  a  vault  or  grave,  to  depose,  to 
entomb,  to  bury,  to  place  or  lay  down  or  aside;  to  add,  to  affix,  to 
set,  to  heave  out,  to  unfold,  to  bear  down. 

Daransetzen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  lay  or  put  at  stake,  to  venture,  to  risk, 
to  stake  or  hazard,  to  leave  nothing  undone,  to  do  all  that  is  possible. 

Dariibersetzen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  place  over,  to  put  over;  to  prefer. 

Einsetzen  {tr.,  reft.,  ace,  sep.),  to  set,  to  lay,  to  place  or  put,  to  stake, 
to  bet,  to  put  in  lottery,  hazard,  to  institute,  establish,  to  ordain, 
inaugurate,  invest,  settle,  to  fix;  to  imprison;  to  appoint,  to  insert; 
to  deposit;  to  plant 

Entsetzen  {tr.,  reft.,  gen.,  ace),  to  put  out  of,  to  dispose,  to  eject,  to 
displace,  degrade,  to  frighten,  terrify,  to  be  alarmed,  disturbed,  to 
reUeve  or  succor,  to  come  to  aid,  to  cashier;  to  depose;  to  dismiss. 

Ersetzen  {tr.,  ace),  to  replace,  to  put  instead,  to  take  or  supply  the 
place  of,  to  substitute,  to  succeed,  to  repair,  to  compensate,  to 
recompense,  redeem,  recover;  to  amend;  to  retrieve,  make  good;  to 
repay. 

Fortsetzen  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  sep.),  to  continue,  to  keep  up,  to  perpetuate, 
to  recontinue;  to  consume;  to  carry  on,  to  resume,  to  keep  on,  to  pur- 
sue; to  prosecute,  to  maintain,  to  put  away,  to  put  or  set  forward; 
to  transplant. 

Herabsetzen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  reduce,  to  lower,  degrade,  debase,  to 
abate,  to  diminish,  lessen,  sink  or  depress,  to  detract,  decry,  under- 
rate, undervalue,  disparage,  to  vilify. 

13 


194  RegularVerbs. 

Hinsetzen  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  set  or  put  to,  away,  down,  to  seat  a 
person;  to  confine  or  put  a  person  in  prison;  to  sit  down. 

Nachsetzen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  dat.),  to  pursue,  to  add  or  set  a  thing 
afterward,  to  put  later,  to  postpone,  to  assign  to,  to  subordinate 
one  to  another,  to  run,  hurry,  chase  after,  to  set  or  place  after  or 
behind;  to  slight;  to  follow  or  hunt  after. 

Niedersetzen  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  put  down,  to  set  down,  to  deposit;  to 
establish;  to  appoint;  to  sit  down;  to  appoint. 

Ubersetzen  {tr.,  ace,  insep.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  translate;  to  set  over; 
to  leap  or  jump  over,  to  pass,  go,  or  cross  over,  to  transport,  to  re- 
turn, interpret  into,  to  cross,  traverse;  to  transpose;  to  crowd. 

Umsetzen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  refl.),  to  move  about,  transpose,  to  put,  set, 
or  place  differently,  to  alternate,  to  change,  to  convert,  turn;  to 
recompose;  to  realize,  sell;  to  turn  over,  to  transplant;  to  exchange; 
to  compose;  to  permute. 

Untersetzen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.,  *  insep.),  to  put  or  place  underneath,  to 
sign,  to  add  one's  signature,  to  support,  to  underprop,  to  line; 
strengthen.     Untersetzte  Statur,  short  and  stout,  square-built;  fat. 

Verse tzen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  reply;  to  transfer,  to  put  in  the  wrong 
place,  to  misplace,  remove,  shift,  to  translate,  dislocate,  promote, 
transpose,  invert,  to  put  to,  arrange,  to  advance;  to  permute;  to  ob- 
struct; to  pledge;  pawn,  mortgage;  to  mix  up,  to  alloy. 

Widersetzen  {refl.,  insep.,  dat.),  to  oppose,  resist,  to  combat,  fight,  or 
struggle  against,  to  withstand,  to  disobey,  to  rebel  against,  to  refuse  to. 

Zusetzen  {tr.,  intr.,  hab.,  sep.),  to  add,  contribute,  to  mix  up  with,  di- 
lute, to  lose,  sacrifice,  to  obstruct,  set  up,  to  be  hard  upon  a  person,  to 
press,  to  play  a  trick  upon;  to  worry,  to  put  on  or  over;  to  affix;  to 
alloy  with;  to  stake  higher;  to  block  up,  close. 

Zuriicksetzen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  set  or  put  back,  to  replace,  to  cast 
oflF,  put  aside,  to  treat  one  with  disdain  or  disrespect,  to  slight  or 
snub  one,  to  leap  back. 

Zusammensetzen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  compound,  to  mix  up;  to  put 
together,  to  seat  people  together;  to  combine,  construct,  to  frame 
or  to  unite. 
SEUFZEN   {tr.,   intr.),    seufzte,    geseufzt,    to  sigh,    groan,    moan, 
to  sigh  for  or  over  a  thing,  to  utter  with  a  sigh,  to  heave,  breathe. 

Aufseufzen  {sep.,  intr.),  to  heave  a  deep  sigh;  to  sigh  suddenly. 

Ausseufzen  {refl.,  tr.,  sep.),  to  utter  with  a  sigh,  to  sigh  forth,  to  have 
done  sighing,  to  breathe  out  one's  last  sigh,  to  expire  (ausleiden). 

Fortseufzen  {sep.,  intr.),  to  continue  sighing,  to  keep  on  groaning,  to 
continue  worrying,  troubling. 

Hinseufzen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  sigh,  to  speak  with  a  sigh,  to  heave  a 
sigh.     Die  Zeit  hinseufzen,  to  pass  one's  time  in  sighing. 

Verseufzen  {tr.,  ace),  to  spend  in  sighing  or  in  groaning,  to  utter 
sighs  constantly,  to  sigh  away,  to  sigh  one's  last. 


Regular   Verbs.  195 

Zuriickseufzen  {sep.,  inir.),  to  be  carried  back  to  recollections  by  sighs 
(zuriickdenken,  sehnen). 
SICHERN  {tr.,  intr.,  hab.,  reft.),  sicherte,  gesichert,  to  assure,  insure, 
warrant,  guarantee,  secure,  safeguard,  consolidate,  to  ensure,  make 
sure,  to  indemnify;  to  test  the  security  of  a  place. 

Versichem  {tr.,  gen.,  reft.,  o.),  to  assure,  insure,  to  vouch,  to 
afl&rm,  assert,  declare,  guarantee,  convince,  to  secure,  gain  over, 
to  reinsure,  to  ascertain;  to  obtain  certainty  about.  Ich  versichere 
Ihnen,  I  assure  you  or  warrant  you;  I  guarantee  it.  Ich  versichere 
Sic,  I  assure  you  it  is  so  (not  otherwise).  Das  Leben  versichem, 
to  insure  or  assure  one's  life,  to  take  out  a  life  policy. 

Zusichem  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  assure  a  person  of  something,  to  promise 
something,  to  guarantee  something,  to  pledge  one's  word  to  a  per- 
son for  the  fulfilment  of  something;  to  secure  something  for  one. 
SIECHEN  {intr.,  hah),  siechte,  gesiecht,  to  be  a  permanent  invalid, 
to  be  ill  or  in  bad  health;  to  languish,  pine,  or  fade  (wither)  away; 
to  be  sickly  or  infirm. 

Aussiechen  {sep.,  intr),  to  cease  being  sickly,  to  succumb  by  lan- 
guishing. 

Fortsiechen  {sep.,  intr.),  to  keep  on  languishing,  withering  away 
(fortleiden). 

Hinsiechen  {sep.,  intr),  to  be  dying,  to  pine,  languish,  or  die  away. 

Versiechen  (*  intr),  to  droop,  to  pine  or  languish  away. 
SOHNEN  {tr.,  ace),  sohnte,  gesohnt,  to  atone  for,  to  expiate,  to  make 
good,  to  conciliate,  to  atone  for. 

Aussohnen  {reft.,  tr.,  ace,  sep),  to  reconcile,  to  conciliate,  to  appease, 
to  set  or  put  right;  to  make  up. 

Entsohnen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  to  expiate,  to  make  expiation,  to  atone 
for,  to  purify  or  purge  from  guilt. 

Versohnen  {tr.,  ace,  reft),  to  propitiate,  to  reconcile,  to  expiate,  to 
atone  for. 
SOLLEN  {reg.  verb;   auxiliary  verb  of  mood,  one  of  six),  soUte,  gesoUt 
(see  sollen,  list  of  irregular  verbs)  (takes  haben). 

SPAHEN  {intr.,  hab),  spahte,  gespaht,  to  look  closely;   to  peer;    to 
spy;  to  peep;  to  search;  to  look  out  for  (something). 
Erspahen  {tr.,  ace),  to  spy,  to  watch,  to  wait  for. 

SPALTEN  {tr.,  ace,  reft.,  intr),  spaltete,  gespaltet,  to  split,  slit,  rift, 

crack,  gape,  cleave,  cut,  chop,  skive. 
Abspalten   {tr.,   ace,   reft.,   intr.,   sep.),   to  split    off,   to  cleave  off, 

to  become  or  to  be  separated  by  splitting. 
Anspalten  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  sep.),  to  make  a  split  in,  to  split  a  little, 

to  begin  to  split,  to  split  up. 
Aufspalten   {tr.,  intr.,   reft.,   sep.),    to  split,    to  cleave,  to  rive,   to 

burst,  to  chap,  to  crack,  to  split  open. 


196  Regular   Verbs. 

SPANNEN     {tr.,  intr.,  reft.),  spannte,  gespannt,  to   stretch,  span, 

to  wind  up;  to  draw,  to  give  more  tension. 
Abspannen  {sep.,  reft.,  tr.),  to  unbend;  slacken;  to  unharness,  unteam; 

to  relax,  to  fatigue,  to  exhaust,  to  debilitate,  unnerve. 
Anspannen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  stretch,  strain,  bend;   to  put  up,  open;   to 

draw  in,  yield. 
Ausspannen  {tr.,  sep.,  reft.),  to  unharness;   to  strain,  to  stretch  out; 

to  slacken,  unstring. 
Bespannen  {tr.),  to  put  horses  to;  to  string. 

Einspannen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  enchase,  to  put  in'a  frame;  to  put  into 

harness. 
Verspannen  {tr.,  insep.),  to  overstretch,  to  spoil  by  stretching,  to 

harness  wrong. 
Vorspannen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  stretch  in  front  or  before  something; 

to  put  the  horses  to  the  carriage. 
Zusammenspannen  {sep.,  tr.),  to  hitch  together,  to  stretch  together, 

to  harness  to. 

SPAREN  {tr.,  intr.,  dot.,  ace),  sparte,  gespart,  to  spare,  to  economize, 
to  efifect  a  saving;  to  save  up,  to  lay  by. 
Ersparen  {tr.,  dat.,  ace,  reft.),  to  save,  spare,  economize;  to  remit,  to 
exact,  to  dispense  with;  to  be  careful. 

SPAZIEREN  {intr.,*),  spazierte,  spaziert,  to  walk  about,  to  go  about; 
to  take  a  walk.  Spazieren  gehen,  to  go  out  walking.  Spazieren 
fahren,  to  take  a  drive  or  ride.  Spazieren  reiten,  to  take  or  have 
a  ride  on  horseback.  Spazieren  fiihren,  to  take  out  for  a  walk  or 
for  a  ride. 
Auf-  und  abspazieren  {intr.,  *),  to  walk  up  and  down. 

SPERREN  {tr.,  reft.),  sperrte,  gesperrt,  to  put  asunder,  to  open  (wide), 
to  distend,  to  spread  out;   to  shut,  close,  lock;   to  block;   to  resist, 
to  offer  resistance;  to  object,  to  refuse;  to  struggle,  to  make  a  fuss; 
to  stand  resistance. 
Absperren  {tr.,  sep.,  reft.),  to  bar,  barricade,  isolate;  to  cut  oflF. 

Aufsperren  {tr.,  sep.),  to  open  wide.     Das  Maul  aufsperren,  to  stand 

gaping. 
Aussperren  {tr.,  sep.),  to  distend,  extend,  to  spread  open  or  out;  to 

shut  or  lock  out;  to  turn  out  (of  doors). 
Einsperren  {tr.,  sep.),  to  lock  up,  to  imprison;   to  cage  up;   to  jail, 

to  detain  (involuntarily). 
Versperren  {tr.,  reft.,  dat.),  to  obstruct,  to  barricade,  to  block  up;  to 

bar  or  intercept. 

SPIELEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  spielte,  gespielt,  to  play,  to  stake,  to  asso- 
ciate, to  give  a  tune,  to  act. 
Abspielen  {tr.,  reft.,  sep.),  to  play  off,  to  play  at,  to  take  part,  to 


Regular    Verbs.  197 

pay  a  debt  by  playing,  to  wear  out  by  playing,  to  finish  playing, 

to  enact,  perform,  to  take  place. 
Anspielen   {tr.,  intr.,   sep.),   to  begin  to  play,  to  play  out;  to  have 

first  throw,   to  lead,  open,   to  return   the  lead,  to  touch  upon  a 

thing,  to  insinuate  or  refer  to,  to  allude. 
Aufspielen  (/r.,  ace,  sep.),  to  play  or  to  strike  up  a  piece  of  music, 

to  act  or  play,  to  pretend,  to  act  the  swell  or  the  grand. 
Ausspielen  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  sep.),  to  play  to  the  end,  to  finish,  to  have 

first  throw,  to  lead,  play  first,  to  finish,  to  have  done. 
Einspielen    {refl.,  sep.),   to  practise,  to  get  practice,  to  exercise,  to 

acquire  ease  or  ability  in  playing,  to  enter  or  pass  easily. 
Fortspielen  {intr.,  sep.),   to   continue   playing,    to   keep   or   go   on 

playing;    to  lose. 
Hinspielen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  spend  in  playing,  to  go  on  playing  untroubled. 
Mitspielen  {tr.,  dat.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  join  in  play,  to  play  a  trick;    to 

use  a  person  roughly;  to  take  part,  to  accompany  (music). 
Nachspielen  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  play  after,  to  imitate  or 

copy  another's  play,  to  return  or  follow  the  partner's  lead,  to  follow 

suit;   to  play  by  ear. 
Umspielen  {tr.,  ace),  to  play  or  toy  round,  to  flutter  round,  to  play 

over  or  again. 
Verspielen  {tr.,  intr.,  ace),  to  lose,  gamble  away,  or  squander,  to  spend 

in  gambling;  to  make  a  mistake  in  playing. 
Vorspielen  {tr.,  ace,  0.,  sep.),  to  act  before,  to  play  before  a  person, 

to  play,  to  prelude. 
Zuspielen   {tr.,  ace,  dat.,  sep.),   to  play  something  into   a   person's 

hand,  to  pass  something  on  to  a  person  in  a  sly  or  cunning  manner; 

to  play  the  ball  to. 
Zusammenspielen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  act  in  unison,  to  act  up  to  each 

other,  collective  acting,  ensemble,  to  play  four-hand  on  the  piano. 
SPIESSEN  {tr.),  spiesste,  gespiesst,  to  spear;    to  pierce;    to  pin  or 

stick. 
Aufspiessen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  spear;    to  broach;    to  stick  through;    to 

pierce;    to  spit. 

SPITZEN  {tr.,  refl.),  spitzte,  gespitzt,  to  point,  sharpen,  taper;    to  hew; 

to  look  forward  to  something. 
Abspitzen  {tr.,  sep.).,  to  break  off  the  point;   to  point,  to  taper,  to 

sharpen,  to  cut  to  a  point. 
SPORNEN  {tr.,  ace),  spomte,  gespomt,  to  spur,  to  set  spurs  to  a 

horse,  to  plunge  one's  spurs  into  the  ribs  of  a  horse. 
Anspomen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  provide  with  spurs,  to  put  on  spurs, 

ready  to  set  out,   road-ready;   encourage  a  person;   to  stimulate. 

Gestiefelt  und  gespomt,  booted  and  spurred;  to  enthuse  a  person. 
SPOTTEN     {intr.,  gen.),  spottete,  gespottet,  to  laugh  at,  to  deride, 


198  Regular   Verbs. 

to  ridicule,  to  sneer  and  scofiF  at,  to  rail  at,  to  make  fun  of,  to  mock, 

to  jest. 
Anspotten  (/r.,  ace,  sep.,  gen.),  to  poke  fun  at,  to  mock  at  a  person 

(anspotteln), 
Ausspotten  {ir.,  ace,  sep.)  (see  hespotten). 
Bespotten  {tr.,  ace),  to  deride  something,  to  sneer  or  ridicule  at,  to 

jeer  at,  to  mock. 
Hinspotten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  make  slurring  remarks,  to  sneer  at. 
Nachspotten  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  pursue  a  person  with  mockery,  to 

hoot  after  a  person,  to  mock  or  mimic  a  person  in  his  absence,  to 

make  fun  behind  his  back,  to  imitate  another's  way  of  mockery. 
Verspotten  {tr.,  ace),  to  mock  at,  to  make  a  mockery  of,  to  turn 

into  ridicule,  to  scoff  or  sneer  at,  to  deride,  tease,  hiss,  hoot  at, 

to  jeer  at. 

SPRENGEN  {tr.,  intr.,  *  imp.),  sprengte,  gesprengt,  to  blast,  to  ex- 
plode; to  drive  holes  into;  to  burst  open  or  asunder,  to  break;  to 
take  (a  fortress) ;  to  ride  full  speed;  to  spray,  to  sprinkle;  to  water; 
to  ride  fast,  at  full  speed;  to  dash;  it  is  drizzling. 

Besprengen  {tr.,  ace),  to  sprinkle,  to  dampen. 

Versprengen  {tr.),  to  disperse,  to  scatter;   to  drive  away;   to  cut  off. 

Zersprengen  {tr.),  to  burst,  blast,  blow  open;    to  split  asunder;    to 
rout,  break. 
SPRENKELN  {tr.,  ace),  sprenkelte,  gesprenkelt,  to  speckle,  to  spot, 
to  dot,  to  fleck,  sprinkle,  spatter. 

Aufsprenkeln  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  sprinkle  upon,  to  spatter. 

Aussprenkeln  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  water,  spatter,  or  sprinkle  a  place. 

Besprenkeln  {tr.,  ace),  to  speckle,  to  sprinkle,  to  dabble,  damp,  to 
asperse,  syringe. 

SPRUDELN  {tr.,  intr.,  hah.,*),  sprudelte,  gespnidelt,  to  bubble,  gush, 

flow,  splash,  effervesce,  to  sputter;  to  vomit;  spurt  forth. 
Aussprudeln  {intr.,  hah.,  *  sep.),  to  bubble  forth,  to  throw  or  fling 

out,  to  gush  or  spout  forth,  to  sputter. 
Besprudeln  {tr.,  ace),  to  sputter  over,  to  moisten  by  sputtering  on. 
Einsprudeln  {tr.,  reft.,  *  sep.),  to  bubble,  gush,  or  sputter  in,  to  pour 

in  bubbling  or  sputtering. 
Entsprudeln  {intr.,  *),  to  burst,  gush,  bubble  forth,  to  spurt  or  spout 

out  from,  to  spring  or  leap  up. 
Hervorsprudeln  (*  intr.,  hah.,  sep.),  to  burst  or  break  forth,  to  gush, 

spout,  well  forth,  overflowing,  to  sputter  out. 
tjbersprudeln  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  insep.,  *  sep.),  to  bubble  or  gush  over. 

Ubersprudelnde  Freude,  exuberant  mirth,  overflowing  fun.     Von 

Witz  sprudelnd,  sparkling  with  wit  and  humor. 
Zuriicksprudeln  {tr.,  intr.,  hah.,  *  sep.),  to  gush  back. 


Regular    Verbs.  199 

SPUCKEN  {tr.,  intr.),  spuckte,  gespuckt,  to  spit,  to  vomit,  to  ex- 
pectorate;   to  be  angry,  to  be  in  a  rage;  to  be  sick  (speien). 

SPUKEN  {tr.,  imp.),  spukte,  gespukt,  to  walk,  to  appear  (ghostly).     Es 

soil  dort  spuken,  a  ghost  is  said  to  haunt  there. 
SPULEN  {tr.,  acc:,  intr.),  spiilte,  gespiilt,  to  lap  or  wash  against,  to 

rinse,  to  clean. 
Abspulen  {tr.,  acc,  sep.),  to  rinse,  wash  up,  to  cleanse,  wash  away. 
Ausspulen  {tr.,  acc,  reft.,  sep.),  to  deposit,  to  wash  or  carry  away,  to  eat 

or  erode,  to  mine  or  lay  bare,  to  wash  the  earth  from;    to  purge, 

cleanse,  flush,  take  away,  remove,  scour. 
Fortspiilen  {tr.,  acc,  sep.),  to  wash  or  carry  away  by  flood   (fort- 

schwemmen). 
Uberspiilen  {sep.,  insep.,  *  hah.),  to  overflow,  to  drench,  to  drown,  to 

submerge. 
Umspulen  {tr.,  acc),  to  wash  round,  to  lave  (see  spulen). 

STACHELN  {tr.,  intr.,  acc),  stachelte,  gestachelt,  to  furnish  with 
prickles  (spines  or  spikes). 

Anstacheln  {tr.,  acc,  sep.),  to  stimulate,  sting,  incite. 

Aufstacheln  {tr.,  acc,  sep.),  to  instigate,  to  irritate,  incise,  excite,  to 
work  up,  spur  on;  to  goad  up  or  on. 

Hinstacheln  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  allude  to  a  person  by  stinging,  sneer- 
ing remarks  or  words. 

STAMMELN  {intr.,  tr.),  stammelte,  gestammelt,  to  stammer,  stut- 
ter, to  babble;  to  falter.  Eine  Entschuldigung  stammeln,  to  stam- 
mer an  excuse. 

Ausstammeln  {sep.,  tr.,  intr.),  to  stammer  or  stutter  out;  to  cease 
stammering. 

Durchstammeln  {sep.,  tr.),  to  stammer  or  stutter  through  from 
beginning  to  end. 

Nachstammeln  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  repeat  something  stammeringly; 
to  stammer  Hke  another  person. 

STAMMEN  {intr.,  *),  stammte,  gestammt,  to  come  down;  to  derive; 

to  descend;  to  originate. 
Abstammen  {sep.,  intr.,  *  dat.),  to  descend;  to  be  derived  from;  to 

issue  from,  to  be  born  at. 
Anstammen  {sep.,  intr.),  to  be  hereditary,  ancestral;    to  be  innate, 

inborn;  naturalized. 
Entstammen  {intr.,  *  dat.),  to  be  born  in;  to  be  a  descendant  of;  to 

come  from,  to  descend  from.     Er  stammt  aus  diesem  Lande,  he  is 

a  native  of  this  country. 

STARKEN  {tr.,  acc,  reft.),  starkte,  gestarkt,  to  strengthen,  to  in- 
vigorate; to  restore  to  health,  to  get  as  strong  as  ever;  to  strengthen, 
to  fortify  oneself;  to  refresh. 


200  Regular    Verbs. 

Bestarken  {tr.,  ace),  to  confirm,  to  corroborate;    to  countenance  a 

person  (in  his  opinion), 
Verstarken  {tr.,  refl.),  to  make  stronger,  to  fortify;  to  raise,  to  deepen; 

to  intensify;  to  increase. 

STAUNEN  {intr.,  hah.),  staunte,  gestaunt,  to  be  astonished,  surprised, 

or  amazed,  to  marvel  at;  to  gaze  into  vacancy;  to  dream. 
Anstaunen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  gaze,  stare,  or  wonder  at,  to  be  amazed 

or  astonished  at.  y 

Aufstaunen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  look  up  in  amazement,  in  bewilderment. 
Erstaunen   {intr.,  tr.),  to    be   surprised,    astonished,  amazed,  to  be 

wonderstruck,  to  be  stupefied  (or  dumbstruck)   with  astonishment. 
Hinstaunen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  stare  at  vacancy,  to  look  surprised  at  a 

thing. 
Nachstaimen  {intr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  gaze  at  or  after,  to  stare  or  gaze 

after  a  person. 
Umstaunen  {tr.,  reft.,  ace),  to  turn  or  look  around  in  surprise  or 

astonishment. 

STECKEN  {sometimes  irregular,  *  tr.,  reft.),  steckte,  gesteckt,  to  fasten, 

to  fix,  to  stick,  adhere,  inhere,  to  lodge. 
Abstecken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  unpin,  unpeg,  undo,  unfasten,  take  out, 

to  trace,  mark  out,  line  out. 
Anstecken  {tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.),  to  attach,  fasten,  stick,  pin  on,  to  light, 

kindle,  set  fire  to,  to  infect,  to  poison,  to  become  contaminated. 
Aufstecken  {tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.),  to  put,  set,  or  stick  up,  to  turn  or 

truss  up;  to  dress  one's  hair;  to  key,  to  hoist,  to  fix;  to  paper  pins. 
Ausstecken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put  out,  expose,  to  show,  to  decorate, 

plant,  to  veer. 
Bestecken  {tr.,  ace),  to  stick  over  with,  to  garnish  or  adorn,  to  plant, 

to  pole. 
Dariiberstecken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  place  over,  to  put  or  pin  over. 

Einstecken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put  in,  up,  to  case  or  put  in  a  bag  or 

purse,  to  pocket,  to  inclose,  wedge;  arrest,  to  lock  up,  to  put  up; 

to  swallow. 
Fortstecken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put  away,  aside,  or  out,  to  fix'or  stick 

at  a  greater  distance. 
Hinstecken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put,  poke,  cram,  or  stow  away,  to  place 

aside;   to  pin  up. 

STELLEN  {tr.,  intr.,  reft.),  stellte,  gestellt,  to  put,  place,  locate,  station, 

set  up,  put  in  order,  arrange. 
Abstellen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.,  sep.),  to  remove,  take  ofiF,  stop,  to  set,  to 

reform,  redress,  to  remedy. 
Abbestellen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  countermand,  to   counterorder,   to 

annul,  cancel. 


Regular    Verbs.  201 

Anstellen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  assign,  appoint,  employ,  to  hire, 
post,  set,  to  place,  install,  prepare. 

Aufstellen  (ir.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  set  up,  construct,  raise,  erect,  fit 
up,  expose,  exhibit,  show,  draw  up. 

Ausstellen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  turn  or  set  out,  to  exhibit,  spread  out, 
to  set  on  show,  display,  issue. 

Bestellen  (/r.,  ace),  to  arrange,  provide,  to  do,  order,  make  appoint- 
ment, to  give  employment,  settle. 

Beistellen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  add,  to  subjoin,  to  annex,  to  append 
(beifiigen). 

Einstellen  (tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  put  or  set  into  a  place,  to  put  up, 
to  enhst,  engage,  take,  discontinue,  suspend,  stop,  cease,  intermit. 

Entstellen  (tr.,  ace),  to  disfigure,  deface,  misshape,  deform,  to  muti- 
late, misconstrue. 

Fortstellen  (tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  put  away,  to  put  or  place  aside  or 
further  off,  put  out  of  reach. 

Gegeniiberstellen  (tr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  confront  with;  to  place  in  op- 
posite direction. 

Herstellen  (tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  produce,  contrive,  manufacture;  to 
repair,  cure,  recover;  to  put  up,  to  restitute,  renew,  rebuild;  to 
mend,  restore,  raise. 

Heranstellen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put,  place  alongside  of  something, 
to  set  close  by,  to  set  near. 

Heraufstellen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put  up,  to  convey,  carry,  take  up. 

Herunterstellen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  carry,  put,  place,  or  set  down. 

Hinstellen  (tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  put  or  set  down,  to  station,  stand, 

to  put  something  in  a  place. 
Kaltstellen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  affect  indifference,  to  leave  a  person 

out  in  the  cold,  to  keep  cold. 
Nachstellen  (tr.,  intr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  place  or  put  behind  or  after,  to 

put  back,  to  He  in  wait  or  ambush. 
Niederstellen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put  on  the  table,  to  put  or  set  down, 

to  place  down.  * 

Umstellen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  reverse,  to  move  about  or  displace,  to 

arrange  differently,  transpose. 
Unterstellen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  place  oneself  under,  to  take  shelter, 

to  put  up,  to  undergo  treatment. 
Verstellen  (tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  rearrange,  transpose,  misplace,  put  in 

the  wrong  place,   to  remove,  shift,   to  block,   disfigure,    disguise, 

pretend,  feign,  to  sham,  counterfeit,   assume. 
Verstellen  (tr.,  dat.,  ace,  refl.),  to  introduce;  to  place  or  put  forward; 

to  cover  or  shield;    to  picture;    to  describe;    to  imagine. 

Zustellen  (tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  put  or  place  together  or  side  by  side, 


202  RegularVerbs. 

to  join,  to  assemble,  group,  to  add,  to  hand  something,  deliver, 

present,  convey,  to  insinuate,  serve  summons. 
Zuriickstellen  (/r.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put  back,  to  move  back,  to  replace, 

to  set  or  arrange. 
Zusammenstellen  (/r.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put  side  by  side,  associate,  to 

join,  assemble,  group,  assort. 

STEMMEN  {tr.,  refl.),  stemmte,  gestemmt,  to  support,  prop;  to  stem, 

stop;  to  insist;  persist;  oppose. 
Verstemmen  {ir.),  to  caulk.    Eine  Fuge  verstemmen,  to  stem  a  joint. 
STEUERN  {tr.,  o.,  hah.,  *  intr.,  refl.),  steuerte,  gesteuert,  to  steer, 

navigate,  pilot,  guide,  to  stand,  ply,  direct. 
Ansteuern  (*  intr.,  tr.,  sep.),  to  steer  toward,  to  come  ashore. 
Aussteuem  (*  intr.,  tr.,   ace,    hah.,    sep.),   to  have  done   steering, 

piloting;    paying  taxes;    to   provide  or   furnish  with  a  dowry;  to 

supply;  endow  (ausstatten). 
Besteuem  {tr.,  reft.,  ace),  to  lay  or  impose  taxes  or  duties,  contribu- 
tions, to  tax,  assess,  or  rate  at. 
Beisteuem  {tr.,  intr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  contribute,  to  administer,  assist,  to 

club  together. 
Einsteuern  {hah.,  *  tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  steer  into,  to  pilot  into,  to 

navigate  into  a  harbor. 
Hinsteuem  (*  sep.),  to  steer  for,  to  direct  to,  to  turn  one's  course  to. 
Lossteuem  {intr.,  hah.),  to  make  straight  for  something;    to  stand  for 

a  point;  to  steer  a  ship. 
Nachsteuem    (*  intr.,  tr.,  hah.,  sep.),  to  pay  extra  duty,  to  follow 

the   course  of,   to  steer  a    ship   after  another;    to   run   or   go 

after. 
Umsteuern  {tr.,  intr.,  ace),  to  avoid,  to  evade,  to  reverse  in 

motion,  revert,  gear,  to  navigate  around. 
Versteuern    {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  *  refl.),  to  sell  by  auction,  to  pay  ex- 
cise, tax,  pay  duty  on ;   to  steer  the  wrong  course  or  direction.    Er 

hat  sich  versteuert,  he  steered  the  wrong  course. 
Zusteuem  {intr.,  *  tr.,  ace,  hah.,  sep.),  to  steer  toward,  to  make  for,  to 

head  for,  to  run  in,  to  steer  for  a  point, 
Zuriicksteuem   {intr.,  sep.),  to  return,   to  steer  back,  to  navigate 

from  one  point  to  another. 
STICHELN  {tr.,  intr.,  hah.),  to  make  fun  of  a  person;    to  taunt  a  per- 
son;   to  make  stinging,  sneering  remarks  or  allusions;  to  sneer  or 

gibe  at  a  person. 
Ansticheln  {tr.,  intr.,  hah.,  sep.),  to  begin  to  prick,  treat  with  sarcasm 

or  disdain ;  to  goad  on. 
STICKEN   {tr.,    intr.,   hah.),  stickte,  gestickt,   to    suffocate,  choke; 

strangle;    to  embroider,  to  work  on  the  tambour;  to  do  tapestry 

work. 


Regular   Verbs.  203 

Ersticken  {intr.  *  /r.),  to  suffocate,  to  smother;  to  throttle,  to  sup- 
press, to  stifle  a  person  (with  kisses). 

STIFTEN  (/r.),  stiftete,  gestiftet,  to  found,  establish,  institute,  raise, 
create,  originate,  produce;  to  leave  for  charitable  purposes;  to 
found  (a  memorial) ;  to  bring  about ;  to  stir  up, 
Anstiften  {sep.,  tr.),  to  cause,  abet,  incite,  impel,  connive  at,  to  occa- 
sion; to  set  (on);  suggest.  Was  haben  Sie  angestiftet?  what  have 
you  done  ? 

STILLEN  {tr.,  gen.,  ace),  stillte,  gestillt,  to  quell,  stop,  arrest,  to  ap- 
pease, allay,  pacify;  to  satisfy,  to  silence,  suckle,  nurse;  to  calm 
down. 

STIMMEN  {tr.,  ace,  imp.,  intr.),  stimmte,  gestimmt,  to  utter  sound,  to 
raise  one's  voice,  to  harmonize;  to  tune;  to  vote,  agree,  to  be  of 
opinion.  Nachstimmen,  to  vote  later,  to  vote  again,  subsequently; 
to  tune  again.  Niederstimmen,  to  outvote.  Niedergestimmt  oder 
niedergedriickt  sein,  to  be  oppressed,  despondent,  in  bad  humor. 

Abstimmen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  tune  down,  to  lower  the  pitch;  to 
accord;   to  vote,  record,  to  register,  to  ballot. 

Anstimmen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  tune,  to  intonate,  to  begin  to  sing,  to 
begin  or  strike  up  a  tune. 

Aufstimmen  {tr.  ace,  sep.),  to  tune  or  to  set  up.  Aufrichten,  to 
erect,  raise,  set  up,  put  up,  rear  up. 

Bestimmen  {refl.,  tr.,  ace,  o.),  to  decide,  to  order,  to  appoint,  to 
arrange,  to  provide,  to  persuade,  induce,  incline,  dispose,  determine, 
engage,  influence,  impel,  settle,  fix,  modify. 

Beistimmen  {dat.,  ijitr.,  sep.),  to  agree  upon,  to  join,  to  consent, 
accede  to,  assent;  to  applaud  (beipflichten). 

Einstimmen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  be  in  accord  with,  to  be  in  tune,  to 
repeat  or  sing  in  chorus,  to  join. 

Herabstimmen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  set  down,  to  lower  the  pitch  of, 
to  abate,  to  tune  down,  to  set  down. 

Uberstimnien  {tr.,  ace),  to  tune  too  high,  to  outvote,  to  vote  down, 
to  be  overruled. 

tibereinstimmen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  agree,  concur,  to  be  of  one  accord, 
opinion,  to  suit,  to  fit. 

Umstimmen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  tune  anew  or  to  another  pitch;  to 
convert,  to  make  a  person  change  his  mind  or  opinion;  to  win  a  per- 
son over. 

Verstimmen  {hab.,  refl.,  intr.,  tr.,  ace),  to  be  in  bad  humor;  to 
untune,  to  put  out  of  tune;  to  be  depressed,  dejected;  to  be  in 
a  bad  temper,  to  be  upset,  in  the  dumps. 

Zustimmen  {ir.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  agree,  to  consent  to  a  person's  pro- 
posals, to  nod  assent,  to  reply  in  the  affirmative. 

Zusammenstimmen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  harmonize,  to  be  tuned  to  the 
same  pitch,  to  accord,  agree,  to  conform,  to  be  in  keeping  with. 


204  Regular   Verbs. 

STOHNEN  {intr.y  hah.),  stohnte,  gestohnt,  to  groan,  to  moan,  to 
utter  groans. 

STOPFEN  (/r.,  intr.,  dat.,  ace),  stopfte,  gestopft,  to  stuff,  press,  squeeze 
hard;   pack,  to  stop;   fill,  bung;   to  arrest,  bring  to  a  standstill;   to 
block  up,  to  obstruct,  congest. 
Ausstopfen  {tr.,  sep.,  refl.),  to  pad,  quilt,  wad;    to  cushion  oneself; 

to  darn,  mend. 
Verstopfen  {tr.,  refl.,  dat.,  ace),  to  plug  up;  to  tampon;  block,  choke; 
to  fill  up;  to  render  costive,  to  constipate  the  bowels;  to  stop. 

STOREN  (tr.,  ace),  storte,  gestort,  to  disturb,  trouble,  inconvenience; 
to  derange,  upset,  interrupt,  to  prevent,  to  break  in  upon;  to  en- 
croach. 

Verstoren  {tr.,  dat.),  to  disturb,  upset,  bewilder;   trouble,  agitate. 

Zerstoren  {tr.),  to  demolish,  pull  down,  destroy;  to  waste,  ravage; 
to  blight,  blast,  extinguish,  dissipate,  annul,  blot  out  of  existence; 
cut  down,  to  disorganize. 

STRAFEW  {tr.,  ace),  strafte,  gestraft,  to  punish,  to  penalize;  to  chasten; 
to  correct,  to  avenge;   to  reproach. 
Bestrafen  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  correct,  to  discipline,  to  sentence;  to  doom. 
Siinde  bestraft  sich,  sin  carries  its  own  punishment. 

STRAHLEN  {intr.,  hah.),  strahlte,  gestrahlt,  to  beam,  cast  forth 
rays;  shine;  to  be  resplendent,  to  be  radiant,  beaming  (with  joy); 
to  radiate  forth. 

Bestrahlen  {tr.),  to  cast  rays  or  beams  upon;  to  irradiate. 

Erstrahlen  {intr.,  hah.,  *),  to  shine,  beam,  sparkle,  gleam  (forth);  to 
emit  rays  of  light  (erglilnzen) . 

STREBEN  {intr.,  hah.),  strebte,  gestrebt,  to  strive  after,  to  aspire 

to,  to  aim  at,  to  endeavor  to.     Vorwarts  strebcn,  to  strive  on,  to 

keep  on  striving,  to  strive  forward,  onward,  upward. 
Anstreben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  tend  upward,  to  rise,  to  aspire  to,  to 

long  for,  to  aim  at. 
Aufstreben  {intr.,  sep.),  to  strive  upward,  to  soar  up,  to  rise  high  or 

aloft,  to  ascend. 
Bestreben  {refl.,  gen.),  to  exert  oneself,  to  endeavor,  to  do  one's 

utmost,  to  be  zealous. 
Erstreben  {tr.,  ace),  to  endeavor,  to  obtain,  to  aspire  to,  to  pursue, 

solicit,  to  attain  by  effort. 
Fortstreben  {intr.,   sep.),  to  keep  on  striving,  to  continue  in  one's 

highest  efforts. 
Hinstreben  {intr.,  sep.),  to  tend  to,  to  tend  toward  something,  to  be 

determined;  to  gravitate. 
Nachstrebea  {intr.,  sep.),  to  strive  after,  to  aim  at,  to  aspire  to. 


Regular   Verbs.  205 

Widerstreben  {imp.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  oppose  or  resist  a  person,  to  strive 
or  struggle  against;  to  loathe;  to  feel  reluctantly;  to  be  repugnant 
or  distasteful. 

STRECKEN  (tr.,  ace,  refl.),  streckte,  gestreckt,  to  stretch,  draw  out, 

to  raise  up,  stiffen,  extend. 
Abstrecken  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  stretch  off  or  away  (abrecken). 
Aufstrecken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  stretch  out  or  up,     Aufzahlen,  to  deal 

out,  to  administer  to. 
Ausstrecken  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  stretch,  put,  or  reach  out,  to  spread 

out,  to  lift  up;  to  lie  at  full  length. 
Durchstrecken  (tr.,  sep.),  to  extend;  to  stretch  through. 
Erstrecken  {o.,  tr.,  refl.),  to  extend,  spread,  stretch,  reach,  run  along, 

to  prolong,  afford,  demand,  obtain. 
Hinstrecken  {refl.,  tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  stretch,  put,  or  hold  out;  to  throw 

or  knock  down,  to  lie  down,  to  extend. 
Niederstrecken  {refl.,  tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  stretch  down  on  the  ground; 

to  strike  a  person  dead,  to  lay  a  person  low;  to  lie  down,  to  recline 

at  full  length. 
VoUstrecken  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  carry  out,  to  carry  into  effect,  to 

complete,  to  execute,  to  put  a  person  to  death,  to  execute  a  warrant. 

STREICHELN  {tr.,  o.),  streichelte,  gestreichelt,  to  pat  a  person's 
back;   to  stroke,  caress,  or  fondle  a  person  or  animal. 

STREIFEN  {tr.,  ace,  hah.,  *  intr.,  refl.),  streifte,  gestreift,  to  touch, 
brush,  scrape  Ughtly,  to  glide,  skim,  or  slide. 
Abstreifen  {tr.,  hah.,  refl.,  *  ace,  sep.),  to  strip  the  skin  off,  to  skin, 
flay,  to  pull,  take,  slip,  to  put  off,  lay  aside,  get  rid  of,  to  range,  to 
pillage. 
Ausstreifen  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  *  dat.,  sep.),  to  make  an  excursion,  take 
a  trip  up  the  country;    to  husk,  to  shell. 

Wachstreifen  (*  dat.,  refl.,  tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  run  or  go  after  a  person. 
Uberstreifen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.,  insep.),  to  draw  over,  to  put  on,  to  streak, 

to  cover  with  stripes,  to  stripe. 
Umstreifen  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  *  sep.),  to  go  about  stalking,  to  go  hunting 

for  deer. 
Umherstreifen  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to   stroll  about,  to  go  for,  to  take  a 

stroll,  to  ramble  about  (pirschen). 

STREUEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  streute,  gestreut,  to  strew,  scatter  broad- 
cast, to  sow,  spread  out,  disseminate. 

Aufstreuen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  strew,  sprinkle,  to  powder,  to  bestrew, 
besprinkle,  to  dredge. 

Ausstreuen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  disseminate,  to  spread  about,  to  dis- 
perse, to  scatter,  to  sow,  to  cast. 

Bestreuen  {tr.,  ace),  to  strew,  to  besprinkle,  to  spread,  to  cover  with. 


2o6  Regular    Verbs. 

Daraufstreuen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  sprinkle  upon,  to  strew  upon,  to 

spread,  to  cover. 
Einstreuen  {tr.,  ace,  inir.,  sep.),  to  strew,  to  scatter  in;  to  intersperse 

with;  to  breathe,  to  whisper  a  word;  to  suggest,  to  insinuate. 
Fortstreuen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  throw  away;  to  pour  out,  to  spill. 
Umstreuen  {tr.,  ace),  to  throw  broadcast;    to  throw  about;   to  cast 

about. 
Umherstreuen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  throw  about;  to  throw  broadcast. 
Verstreuen  {tr.,  ace),  to  throw  here  and  there;  to  disperse,  to  Htter 

up,  to  use  up,  scatter. 
Zerstreuen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  scatter,  to  spread  about;    to  diffuse, 

disperse,  disseminate;  to  dispel,  to  dissipate. 
STRICKEN  {tr.,  ace),  strickte,  gestrickt,  to  knit,  to  net,  to  mesh;  to 

make  a  knot  or  a  noose. 
Abstricken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  knit  off,  to  pay  off,  to  finish,  to  dispose, 

to  deprive. 
Anstricken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  join  by  knitting,  to  foot,  to  attach,  to 

tie  fast  with  a  cord,  etc. 
Aufstricken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  use  up  in  knitting,  to  take  up  a  stitch; 

to  untwist,  to  untwine. 
Ausstricken  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  cease  or  finish  knitting,  to  undo  the 

cords. 
Bestricken  {tr.,  ace),  to  fasten  with  cords,  to  chain,  arrest,  seize;  to 

charm,  captivate,  fascinate. 
Einstricken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  provide  stockings  with  heels,  to  knit 

on  a  new  pair  of  heels. 
Hineinstricken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  knit  in;  to  advance  in  knitting. 
Nachstricken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  imitate  in  knitting;  to  knit  after. 
Uberstricken  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  cover  with  knitting;  to  knit  over;  to 

knit  too  much. 
Umstricken  {tr.,  ace),  to  surround  with  knitting  or  network;  also  in 

wirework;    to  knit  around.     Umschlingen,  to  wind,    to  twine,  or 

twist  around. 
Verstricken  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  use  up  in  knitting;  to  make  a  mistake 

in  knitting;    to  influence  the  judgment  of  others;    to  implicate,  to 

involve  in;  to  allure;  bewitch. 
Zusammenstricken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  knit  together;  to  tie  up,  to 

fasten. 
STROMEN  {tr.,  intr.,  hah.,  *  dat.),  strbmte,  gestromt,  to  stream, 

flow,  gush  forth,  to  pass  through  (in  crowds) ;   to  let  flow,  shed. 
Entstromen  {intr.,  *  dat.),  to  rush,  gush,  stream,  issue,  flow  (aus- 

stromen). 
STUDIREN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  studirte,  studirt,  to  study,  to  pursue,  to 

learn,  to  explore,  to  be  studious. 


I 


Regular    Verbs.  207 

Ausstudiren  {intr.,  hah.,  sep.),  to  finish  one's  education;  to  study 
thoroughly;  to  cease  studying,  to  get  one's  degree  (auslernen), 

Einstudiren  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  study;  to  commit  to  memory;  to  master; 
to  put  into  rehearsal,  turn  over. 

Uberstudiren  (refl.),  to  study  too  much,  to  overwork,  to  overtax 
oneself  by  study. 
STURMEN  (imp.,  intr.,  hah.,  *  tr.),  stiirinte,  gestiirint,  to  besiege, 
to  importune,  to  rush  upon,  take  by  storm;  it  is  stormy,  windy; 
it  howls,  roars,  whistles;  to  be  up  in  arms;  to  storm,  rave;  to  fret; 
to  capture;  to  make  assault  upon. 

Besturmen  {tr.,  ace),  to  assail,  assault,  attack,  invade,  batter. 
STiJRZEN  {tr.,  ace,  hah.,  *  intr.,  refl.),  sturzte,  gestiirzt,  to  fall  sud- 
denly, to  tumble  down,  to  be  overthrown ;    to  come  down  with   a 
crash;    to  descend;    to  rush  forward,  to  make  a  dash. 

Abstiirzen  (*  intr.,  tr.,  sep.),  to  fall  down,  to  precipitate;  to  break 
one's  neck;    to  fall  off  abruptly. 

Aufsturzen  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  fall  violently  against  or  upon. 

Bestiirzen  {tr.,  intr.,  ace,  hah.,  *),  to  be  disconcerted,  bewildered,  dis- 
mayed, abashed,  confused,  stunned,  astounded,  perplexed,  dazed, 
stupefied,  dumbfounded,  frightened,  aghast;  to  supply. 

Beistiirzen  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  come  to  aid  suddenly,  to  dash  to,  to 
hurry  to  a  place  suddenly. 

Durchsturzen  {intr.,  *  sep.,  tr.),  to  fall,  to  be  precipitated;  to 
thrust,  throw  through. 

Einstiirzen  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  fall  in,  to  yield  to  pressure,  to  give 
way,  to  cause  to  fall,  to  overthrow,  to  demolish,  to  pull  down. 

Entstiirzen  {intr.,  dat.,  *),  to  rush  or  tumble  from;  to  issue,  to 
flow,  to  gush  from. 

Fortsturzen  (*  intr:,  sep.),  to  sally  forth,  to  rush,  dash,  dart,  or  tear 
away  or  off,  to  run  away  suddenly. 

Herabstiirzeii  (*  tr.,  refl.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  dash  or  run  down  at  a  sud- 
den, to  push  down,  to  precipitate. 

Heraufsturzen  (*  tr.,  refl.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  dash  or  run  up  at  a  sudden. 

Herunterstiirzen  (*  tr.,  ace,  refl.,  intr.,  hah.,  sep.),  to  swallow 
or  drink  down  at  a  sudden;  to  drop  down  into  a  shaft. 

Hinstiirzen  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  fall  down,  to  toss  off,  to  rush  or  bolt. 

Lossturzen  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  rush,  dart  on  or  upon  a  person;  to  pounce 
upon  a  person. 

Nachsturzen  (*  intr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  rush  or  dash  after,  to  throw  after, 
to  gulp  or  drink  down. 

Niedersturzen  (*  tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  fall  down,  to  tumble  down,  to 
have  a  heavy  fall;    to  be  overtaken. 

Uberstiirzen  {tr.,  *  intr.,  insep.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  overturn,  to  upset,  to 
tumble  over,  to  fall  backward;  to  hurry,  run. 


2o8  Regular   Verbs. 

Umstiirzen  (*  tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  upset,  to  fall  suddenly,  to  tumble 

down  or  over,  to  overthrow,  lay  low. 
Zunickstiirzen  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  fall  in,  to  cave  in,  to  break  down, 

to  collapse;  to  be  struck  all  of  a  heap. 
Zusammenstiirzen   (*  intr.,   sep.),   to   fall   back,  to  rush  back;  to 

reel  or  stagger  back. 
STUTZEN  {dat.,  tr.,  intr.),  stutzte,  gestutzt,  to  trim,  curtail,  clip, 

crop;   to  shape,  fashion;   to  startle,  to  be  startled  at  or  by;    to  be 

taken  aback  by  something;  to  pause  (suddenly),  to  hesitate. 

STUTZEN  (tr.,  ace,  refl.),  stutzte,  gestutzt,  to  support,  to  uphold, 
to  sustain,  to  back  up,  to  provide;  to  prop,  to  secure,  to  stand  by, 
to  recommend,  to  act  as  authority.  Sich  auf  Jemanden  stiitzen,  to 
lean  upon  a  person,  to  have  a  person  as  a  support. 

Absttitzen  (tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  prop,  support,  to  underprop,  to  under- 
pin, to  brace. 

Anstiitzen  (tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  lean  or  support  oneself  against. 

Aufstiitzen  (tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  lean,  to  rest  on,  to  prop,  to  support. 

Unterstiitzen  (tr.,  ace),  to  advise,  to  give  relief,  to  support,  to  prop, 
encourage,  to  relieve,  to  back  up,  to  grant,  aid,  assist. 

SUCHEN  (tr.,  ace,  intr.),  suchte,  gesucht,  to  seek,  to  try  to  find,  to 

go  in  search  (or  quest),  trace. 
Aufsuchen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  seek  for,  to  hunt  up,  to  look  after,  to 

make  search  for,  to  try  to  find. 
Aussuchen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  pick  out,  to  select,  to  choose,  to  search 

thoroughly,  to  rummage,  to  cease  seeking,  to  finish  searching. 
Besux^hen  (tr.,  ace),  to  visit,  attend,  inspect;  to  see  one  another;  to 

frequent. 
Durchsuchen  (tr.,  sep.,  ace,  insep.),  to  search;   to  go  through  (one's 

pockets);    to  beat  (field,  wood);    to  rake;    to  bore  the  ground;   to 

visit;  to  examine. 
Ersuchen  (tr.,  ace),  to  ask,  request,  desire,  entreat,  to  urge  to  do  a 

thing,  to  beseech,  solicit. 
Heimsuchen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  visit,  to  frequent  a  place;   to  plague; 

to  punish,  to  afflict. 
Nachsuchen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  search  after  or  for,  to  look  for,  to  hunt, 

investigate,  to  inquire  into,  to  apply,  to  make  application,  to  peti- 
tion, to  sue  for. 
Untersuchen  (tr.,  ace),  to  examine,  to  investigate,  to  inquire  into, 

to  verify,  study,  to  go  into,  to  explore,  to  inspect,  to  discuss;  to 

go  to  the  bottom. 
Versuchen  (tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  try,  to  attempt,  to  venture,  to  test,  to 

make  an  experiment,  taste. 
SUNDIGEN  (intr.,  hah.),  siindigte,  gesundigt,  to  trespass;  to  commit 

a  sin,  an  offense;  to  transgress;  to  do  wrong;  to  offend  against. 


Regular    Verbs.  209 

Versiindigen  {tr.,  refl.,  dat.),  to  wrong,  to  oflfend  against  a  person;  to 
sin  against.     Er  hat  sich  an  Gott  und  an  der  Welt  versiindigt,  he 
sinned  against  God  and  the  world. 
StJSSEN  (tr.,  dat.),  siisste,  gesusst,  to  sweeten,  to  sugar,  to  edulcorate. 

Versussen  (tr.,  refl.),  to  make  too  sweet  or  too  sugary;  to  sweeten. 


T.  ^ 

TADELN  (tr.,  ace),  tadelte,  getadelt,  to  blame,  to  censure;   to  take 

exception  to,  to  find  fault. 
Austadeln  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  scold,  to  blame  one,  to  find  fault  with  a 

person. 
TAGEN  (intr.,  imp.),  tagte,  getagt,  to  dawn,  to  brighten,  to  become 

morning;  to  meet,  sit,  to  be  in  session;  to  deliberate.     Vor  einigen 

Tagen,  a  few  days  ago,  a  few  days  since.     Nach  einigen  Tagen, 

in  a  few  days,  after  a  few  days. 
Forttagen  (intr.,  imp.,  sep.),  to  continue  to  be  in  session;  to  delib- 
erate; to  continue  getting  brighter. 
Vertagen  (tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  adjourn,  to  fall  due.     Auf  unbestimmte 

Zeit  vertagen,  to  adjourn  ''sine  die.'' 
TANZEN  (tr.,  intr.),  tanzte,  getanzt,  to  dance,  to  jump.     Es  tanzt  sich 

in  diesem  Saale  gut,  it  is  nice  dancing  in  this  hall. 
Abtanzen  (refl.,  sep.),  to  wear  out  or  off  by  dancing,  to  tire  or  exhaust 

by  dancing. 
Auftanzen  (tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  rise  dancing,  to  dance  upward;  to  dance 

by  request;  to  start  dancing. 
Austanzen  (tr.,  ace,  intr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  finish,  to  leave  off  dancing; 

to  outdo  a  person  in  dancing;   to  dance  to  one's  heart's  content. 
Eintanzen  (refl.,  sep.),  to  practise  a  dance  or  dancing;  to  become  ex- 
pert in  dancing. 
Mittanzen  (intr.,  sep.),  to  dance  along,  to  dance  with,  to  join  or  to 

make  one  in  a  dance. 
Nachtanzen  (dat.,  tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  dance  after  a  person,   to  follow 

a  person  in  dancing,  to  imitate  another  person  in  dancing;  to  repeat. 
Ubertanzen  (refl.,  sep.),  to  dance  too  much,  to  overdo  dancing. 
Zusammentanzen  (intr.,  sep.),  to  dance  together,   to  dance  jointly; 

to  dance  in  couples. 
TAUCHEN   (tr.,  ace,  refl.,  hah.,  *  intr.),  tauchte,  getaucht,  to  dip,  to 

immerse,  to  steep,  to  plunge,  to  duck,  to  dive. 
Auftauchen  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  appear,  to  arise,  rise  up,  to  emerge,  to 

make  appearance,  to  come  to  sight,  to  start  up,  to  turn  up. 
Eintauchen  (tr.,  sep.,  intr.,  hah.  *),  to  dip,  to  soak,  to  steep,  to  drench, 

to  immerse,  to  sop,  to  sink. 

14 


2IO  Regular   Verbs. 

Untertauchen  (*  tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  plunge,  to  take  a  dip,  to  dive, 
to  plunge  into  the  water,  to  submerge. 

TAUEN  {intr.,  imp.),  taute,  getaut,  to  thaw. 

TAUFEN  (tr.,  ace,  reft.),  taufte,  getauft,  to  baptise,  to  christen,  to 
convert;  to  adulterate, 

Abtaufen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  half-baptise,  to  baptise  privately. 

Ubertaufen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  rechristen  or  rebaptise,  to  receive  baptism 
a  second  time. 

Umtaufen  {tr.,  reft.,  sep.),  to  rebaptise,  to  christen  or  baptise  a  second 
time,  to  nickname,  to  change  a  person's  name,  to  call  one  a  nick- 
name. 
TAUGEN  {intr.,  imp.),  taugte,  getaugt,  to  be  worth;  to  answer,  to 
do,  to  serve,  to  work,  to  operate;  to  be  fit,  suitable,  good  for;  to 
be  useful. 

TAUSCHEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  tauschte,  getauscht,  to  change,  exchange, 
barter,  truck;  to  trade. 

Austauschen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  exchange,  to  interchange,  to  com- 
mute, to  barter,  to  swap,  to  reciprocate. 

Eintauschen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  exchange  or  to  barter  something,  to 
trade  in,  to  take  something  in  exchange  for. 

Umtauschen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  change  one  thing  for  another,  to  ex- 
change, to  swap  one  article  for  another. 

Vertauschen  {tr.,  reft.,  ace),  to  interchange,  to  change  or  exchange, 
to  take  each  other's  articles  by  mistake. 

TAUSCHEN  {tr.,  intr.,  reft.),  tauschte,  getauscht,  to  cheat,  to  mystify, 

to  deceive,  to  dupe,  to  gull. 
Enttauschen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  to  disabuse,  to  disenchant,  to  disillusion; 

to  defeat. 
TEILEN  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  teilte,  geteilt,  to  divide,  distribute,  share,  to 

deal  out,   part,   to  dispense,  partition,  to  separate,  to  dismember, 

Eine  Ansicht  teilen,  to  be  of  the  same  opinion,  of  the  same  way 

of  thinking. 
Abteilen  {tr.,  reft.,  sep.),  to  divide,  to  subdivide,  to  parcel,  to  separate, 

to  portion,  to  pay  off. 
Austeilen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  distribute  among,  to  deal  out  to,  to 

divide,  to  portion,  to  allot  to. 
Einteilen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  arrange,  to  adjust,  to  regulate,  to  allot, 

to  divide,  to  classify. 
Erteilen  {tr.,  ace),  to  administer,  to  give,  to  confer,  to  commission, 

to  entrust,  to  send,  transmit. 
Mitteilen  {dat.,  tr.,  sep.,  reft.),  to  communicate,  impart,  break;   ad- 
vise, notify;  acquaint;  open. 
tJberteilen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  divide  in  two  parts  (see  teilen). 


Regular   Verbs.  211 

Ubervorteilen  {tr.,  ace),  to  get  the  better  of;    to  overreach;    to  do, 

cheat,  sell,  take  in,  defraud. 
Verteilen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  to  distribute,  to  deal  out,  to  apportion,  to 

share,  to  partition,  to  cut  up. 
Vorteilen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  insep.,  dat.),  to  be  of  interest  or  advantage; 
to  make  a  profit  by  something;   to  find  one's  account  in  something; 
to  divide,  iiand,  dish  out  (vorteln). 
Zerteilen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  part,  to  separate,  to  split  up  into,  to 
analyze,  to  break  up  into,  to  divide  into,  to  decompose,  to  branch, 
to  disperse. 
Zurechtteilen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  to  set  aright,  to  arrange  or  to  adjust 
matters  in  a  proper  way. 
TELEGRAPHIREN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  telegraphirte,  telegraphirt,  to 

telegraph,  to  send  a  message,  to  cable,  to  wire. 
TILGEN  {tr.,  ace),  tilgte,  getilgt,  to  blot  out,  to  extinguish,  to  efface, 
obliterate;    to  erase,   delete,   eradicate,   extirpate,   exterminate,   to 
strike  out,  blot,  wipe  or  rub  out;  to  pay  off,  to  discharge;  to  annul, 
cancel,  annihilate. 
Vertilgen  {tr.),  to  bring  to  naught,  to  extirpate,  to  uproot,  destroy. 
TISCHEN   {intr.,  hah.),  tischte,  getischt,  to  set  or  spread  the  table. 
Auftischen  {tr.,  sep.,  dat.),  to  entertain,  to  dish  (up),  to  serve  up 
(auftafeln). 
TOBEN  {intr.,  hah.),  tobte,  getobt,  to  rage,  storm,  fume,  to  bluster, 
foam. 
Austoben  {intr.,  sep.,  refl.),  to  unruffle,  to  romp;  to  stop  one's  foolish 
pranks. 
TONEN  {intr.,  dat.,  ace),  tonte,  getont,  to  sound,  resound,  ring;   to 

hum,  to  tingle;  to  tint. 
TOSEN  {intr.,  hah.),  toste,  getost,  to  rage,  roar,  to  be  turbulent. 
TOTEN  {tr.,acc.,  refl.),  totete,  getotet,  to  kill,  slay,  slaughter,  assassin- 
ate, murder;  to  execute,  put  to  death. 
Ertoten  {tr.),  to  extirpate,  to  silence,  destroy;  to  subdue  or  deaden. 
TRACHTEN  {intr.,  hah.,  dat.),  trachtete,  getrachtet,  to  aim  at,  to 
strive,  to  endeavor,  to  aspire,  seek,  try. 
Austrachten  {Ir.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  imagine,  to  invent,  to  devise,  to 

conceive,  to  fabricate  (see  ausdenken). 
Betrachten  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  behold,  to  look  at,  to  observe,  to  regard, 

to  consider,  to  weigh,  to  contemplate,  to  view,  to  survey,  to  reflect. 
Hintrachten  {refl.,  intr.,  sep.),  to    tend  to  or  toward,  to    gravitate 

toward  a  thing;  to  think  of. 
Wachtrachten  {intr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  strive  for,  to  aspire  to,  to  pursue, 

to  make  search,  to  lie  in  wait,  to  set  traps. 
Vertrachten  {refl.,  intr.),  to  become  absorbed  or  engrossed  in  one's 
thought,  to  concentrate  one's  thoughts. 


212  Regular    Verbs. 

Zusammentrachten  {sep.),  to  combine  thoughts,  to  meditate  together. 

TRANKEN  (/r.,  ace),  trankte,  getrankt,  to  give  to  drink;   to  quench  or 
still  the  thirst;  to  soak,  to  drench;  to  imbrue  in;   to  impregnate  with; 
to  saturate,  refresh. 
Ertranken  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  drown;    to  inundate  (see  ersdufen). 

TRAUEN  (dat.,  refl.,  tr.,  intr.),  traute,  getraut,  to  trust,  confide,  have 

faith;  to  rely  upon,  believe  in;  to  marry,  to  join  in  wedlock. 
Antrauen  {tr.,  sep.,  dat.),  to  espouse,  wed,  to  be  wedded  to. 
Anvertrauen  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.,  dat.),  to  confide,  trust;    to  consign,  to 

deposit  with. 
Betrauen  {dat.,  tr.,  insep.),  to  commit,  surrender,  confide,  trust  to  a 

person.     Betraut  sein,  to  be  trusted  in,  confidential  with. 
Getrauen  {dat.,  refl.),  I   make  bold,  I  have  courage;   to  presume  to 

accomplish,  to  trust. 
Vertrauen  {dat.,  refl.,  tr.,    intr.),  to  trust,  put  faith  in;  to  confide, 

rely;  to  enjoy  one's  confidence;  to  depend  upon;  to  put  trust  in;  to 

have  confidence  in. 
Zutrauen  {tr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  credit  with;  to  trust,  confide;  to  presume 

too  much;  to  open  one's  heart;  to  tell  under  the  seal  of  secrecy. 
TRAUERN  {hab.,  intr.),  trauerte,  getrauert,  to  mourn,  to   grieve,  to 

lament,  to  be  sad  or  sorrowful.     Um  Jemanden  trauern,  to  mourn 

the  loss  of  a  dear  one,  to  mourn  for  some  one. 
Austrauem  {intr.,  sep.),  to  mourn  the  due  time,  to  cease  or  leave  ofiF 

mourning,  to  go  out  of  mourning  or  black. 
Betrauem  {tr.,  ace),  to  be  in  mourning  for,  to  mourn  for,  to  grieve 

over,  to  be  distressed,  to  be  afflicted  or  to  lament  at,  to  deplore,  to 

bemoan,  to  bewail  or  regret. 
Forttrauem  {intr.,  sep.),  to  continue  grieving,  being  afflicted,  or  la- 
menting. 
Hintrauem   {intr.,  sep.),   to   bewail,  to  groan,  to  cry,  to  weep,  to 

mourn. 
Mittrauem  {intr.,  sep.),   to  mourn  with  others  in  common,  to  con- 
dole, to  sympathize. 
Nachtrauem  {intr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  lament  the  death  of  a  person;  to 

imitate  a  person's  complaint. 
Vertrauem  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  bemoum,  to  mourn  away,  to  live  in 

sorrow,  to  pine  away,  to  languish. 
TRAUMEN  {tr.,  dat.,  refl.,  intr.,  imp.),  traumte,  getraumt,  to  dream, 

to  have  visions,  to  meditate,   to  have  illusions.     Es   traumt  mir, 

I  dream. 
Austraumen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  dream  out  or  to  the  end,  to  cease 

dreaming,  to  finish  dreaming. 
Durchtraumen  {tr.,  sep.,  insep.),  to  pass  in  dreaming,  to  dream  away; 

to  dream  a  dream  through;  to  roam  through  (dreamingly). 


Regular    Verbs.  213 

Ertraumen  {tr.,  ace),  to  imagine,  to  dream  of,  to  have  chimerical  or 

fanciful  illusions. 
Forttraumen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  waste  one's  time  in  dreaming,  to  keep 

dreaming,  to  idle  away. 
Hintraumen  (intr.,  sep.),  to  be  in  a  fancy,  keep  oneself  dreaming. 
Vertraumen  (tr.,  ace),  to  dream  away,  to  spend   time  in  dreams,  in 

reverie,  to  lose  or  absorb  oneself  in  dreams. 
Zusammentraumen  (tr.,  sep.),  to  have  fanciful  dreams,  to  dream 

different  things  at  the  same  time. 
TRENNEN  (tr.,  refl.),  trennte,  getrennt,  to  separate,  sunder,  part;  to 

disunite,  disconnect,  disjoin,  sever,  dissolve,  detach;   to  decompose; 

to  cut;  to  resolve;  to  separate,  divide,  part  with. 
Zertrennen  (tr.,  refl.),  to  bid  farewell,  to  leave  one  another,  to  rip 

up,  to  unpick  (a  dress). 

TRIEFEN  (used  reg.  and  irreg.),  triefte,  getrieft.  When  used  regu- 
larly, it  is  transitive  and  takes  haben  as  an  auxiliary  (see  list  of 
irregular  verbs,  page  87). 

TRIUMPHIREN     (tr.,     ace,    intr.),    triumphirte,    triumphirt,    to 

triumph,  to  be  triumphant,  to  be  exalted  in  triumph. 
Auftriumphiren  (intr.,  sep.),  to  utter  a  shout  of  triumph,  of  joy,  of 

exultation. 
Hintriumphiren  (intr.,  sep.),  to  be  lost  in  joy,  in  triumphant  feelings, 

in  happy  moments. 

TROCKNEN  (tr.,  intr.,  *),  trocknete,  getrocknet,  to  dry,  drain;   to 
wither;  to  wipe  off;  to  be  parched. 
Abtrocknen  (tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  *),  to  dry  or  wipe  off;  to  absterge;  to  dry 

oneself;  to  become  dry  (or  wither). 
Vertrocknen  (intr.,  *),  to  be  parched,  to  be  quite  dry;  to  wither. 
TROPFELN  (intr.,  hab.  *),  tropfelte,  getropfelt,  to  drip,  drop,  fall 
in  drops;    to  trickle,  distil,  dribble.     Es  tropfelt,  a  few  drops  are 
falling. 

TROSTEN  (tr.,  intr.,  refl.),  trostete,  getrostet,  to  comfort,  to  console, 
to  solace;  to  relieve,  to  cheer  up;  to  get  reconciled  to  something;  to 
comfort  oneself;  to  buoy  up. 
Vertrbsten  (tr.,  gen.,  ace,  refl.),  to  feed  a  person  with  hopes,  to  hold 
out  hopes  for  the  future;  to  delay,  to  put  off. 

TROTZEN  (dat.,  intr.,  hab.),  trotzte,  getrotzt,  to  be  obstinate,  to 
be  refractory;  to  sulk,  defy,  confront. 

Abtrotzen  (tr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  get  a  thing  from  a  person  by  a  defiant 
attitude  or  stubbornness. 

Austrotzen  (dat.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  cease  braving;  to  cease  sulking. 

Ertrotzen  (tr.,  dat.,  refl.,  insep.),  to  get  a  thing  by  obstinacy,  de- 
fiance, threatening,  menacing. 


214  Regular    Verbs. 

TRUBEN  (tr.,  ace,  refl.),  triibte,  getriibt,  to  trouble,  to  dim,  to  darken, 
to  obscure,  to  disturb,  spoil,  to  bias,  to  prejudice,  to  stir  up,  to 
tarnish,  to  cast  a  gloom. 
Betriiben  (tr.,  ace),  to-grieve,  to  afflict,  to  distress,  to  mourn  over, 
to  fret  about,  to  deject,  to  cast  down,  to  be  sorrowful,  downhearted, 
depressed,  downcast. 
Vertriiben  {tr.,  intr.),  to  tarnish,  to  spoil,  to  darken,  to  disturb. 
TUMMELN  {tr.,  refl.),  tummelte,  getummelt,  to  put  in  motion,  to 
set  going;  to  whirl  round;  to  make  haste,  hurry;  to  move  about. 
Abtummeln  {sep.,  tr.,  refl.),  to  fatigue  oneself  by  turning  about. 
Austummeln  {sep.,  tr.,  refl.),  to  wrestle,  to  revel  to  one's  heart's 
content. 
TURNEN  {intr.,  hah.),  tumte,  getumt,  to  do  gymnastics,  to  practise 

gymnastic  exercises. 
TUSCHELN   {tr.,  intr.,    hah.),  tuschelte,    getuschelt,    to    whisper 

secretly. 
TUSCHEN  {tr.,  intr.),  tuschte,  getuscht,  to  paint  (in  Indian  ink),  to 
wash;  to  illuminate  (with  water-colors);  to  hush  up;  to  smother; 
to  enjoin  silence  (on  a  person). 
Vertuschen  {tr.),  to  keep  something  a  secret,  to  hold  one's  mouth 
about  something;  to  suppress  something;  to  disguise,  cover;  to  put 
a  false  coloring  upon  something. 


U. 

UBEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  refl.),  iibte,  geiibt,  to  practise,  exercise,  exert, 
to  use,  to  train,  to  cultivate. 

Ausiiben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  put  into  practice,  to  carry  on,  to  exert,  to 
exercise,  to  observe,  to  practise,  to  improve. 

Durchiiben  {tr.,  sep.,  insep.),  to  practise  from  beginning  to  end;  to 
go  through  all  the  exercises  (one  after  the  other) ;  to  rehearse. 

Einiiben  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  train,  to  drill,  to  exercise,  to  practise,  to 
brush  up. 

Fortiiben  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  go  on  practising,  to  continue  exercising 
(see  iihen). 

Mitiiben  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  practise  jointly  or  in  common,  to  exercise 
together. 

Veriiben  {tr.,  ace),  to  do,  to  commit,  to  perpetrate. 
UBERBRUCKEN  {tr.,  insep.),  iiberbriickte,  iiberbriickt,  to  span  a 

river;    to  build  or  throw  a  bridge  over  or  across. 
UBERBtJRDEN  {tr.,  refl.,  insep.),  iiberbiirdete,  iiberburdet,  to  over- 
burden, to  overcharge,  to  overload;   to  overwork,  overtask;  to  over- 
tax one's  strength. 


Regular    Verbs.  215 

UBERBURSTEN  {fr.,insep.,sep.),  uberburstete,uberburstet,to  brush 
over;  to  brush  over  again. 

UBERDACHEN  {insep.,  tr.),  uberdachte,  iiberdacht,  to  cover  with 
a  roof,  to  thatch;   to  shelter,  to  house. 

UBERNACHTEN  {tr.,  intr.),  ubemachtete,  ubemachtet,  to  pass  or 
spend  the  night,  to  stay  all  night,  to  shelter  (or  take  shelter);  to 
accommodate  one,  to  give  a  night's  lodging. 

UBERRASCHEN  (tr.,  imp.,  ace),  iiberraschte,  iiberrascht,  to  sur- 
prise, astonish,  to  take  unawares,  to  amaze,  to  startle,  to  be  stunned. 

UBERVOLKERN  (tr.),  ubervolkerte,  ubervolkert,  to  overpopulate, 

over-people,  overstock  (with  inhabitants). 
UBERWALTIGEN   (tr.),  iiberwaltigte,  iiberwaltigt,  to  overpower, 

overcome;  to  defeat,  vanquish;  to  subdue,  conquer;  to  surmount. 
UMARMEN  (tr.,  refl.),  umarmte,  umarmt,  to  embrace  a  person;  to 

hug  (each  other) ;  to  clasp  or  press  a  person  to  one's  breast. 

UMGURTEN  (tr.,  sep.,  insep.),  umgiirtete,  umgiirtet,  to  gird  on;  to 

buckle  on;  to  encircle,  encompass;  to  surround. 
UNTERRICHTEN  (tr.,  refl.,  0.),  unterrichtete,  unterrichtet,  to  in- 
struct, teach,  educate;  to  give  information;  to  make  one  acquainted 
(with  something). 
URTEILEN  (tr.,  intr.),  urteilte,  geurteilt,  to  reason,  to  conclude, 
to  form  an  opinion,  to  decide,  to  determine,  to  judge,  to  pronounce 
sentence. 

Aburteilen   (tr.,  ace,  sep.),   to  abjudicate,  to  degrade,  to  fix  final 
judicial  sentence,  to  sentence. 

Beurteilen  (tr.,  ace),  to  judge,  to  criticize,  to  discriminate,  to  dis- 
tinguish, to  censor. 

Hinurteilen  (tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  conclude  without  definite  knowledge, 
to  judge  a  thing  without  foundation. 

Verurteilen   (tr.,  ace),  to   condemn,  to  judge  harshly,  to  pass  or 
pronounce  sentence. 


VARIIREN  (tr.,  intr.),  variirte,  variirt,  to  vary,  to  diversify.  Ein 
Thema  variiren,  to  play  variations  on  an  air  (abweichen,  verschieden 
sein);    fluktuiren,  to  fluctuate  (schwanken). 

VERABSCHIEDEN  (tr.,  refl.),  verabschiedete,  verabschiedet,  to 
dismiss,  discharge;  to  part  with,  to  send  away;  to  disband,  to  pen- 
sion off;  to  decide;  to  take  leave,  to  bid  a  person  farewell. 

VERALTEN  (intr.,  *),  veraltete,  veraltet,  to  grow  or  to  become  old; 
to  become  antiquated,  obsolete;  out  of  use;  out  of  fashion,  old- 
fashioned;  not  up-to-date. 


2i6  Regular    Verbs. 

VERANLAGEN  (tr.),  veranlagte,  veranlagt,  to  assess,  to  overrate; 

to  arrange,  establish,  organize;  to  be  talented,  clever,  gifted. 
VERANSCHAULICHEN  (ir.),  veranschaulichte,  veranschaulicht, 

to  demonstrate,   to  make  something  clear  or    evident,  to    give    a 
graphic  description  of  something;  to  illustrate. 

VERANSTALTEN  (/r.),  veranstaltete,  veranstaltet,  to  make,  ar- 
range; to  prepare,  make  preparations;  to  contrivcj  manage,  or- 
ganize. 

VERARGEN  (/r.,  daL),  verargte,  verargt,  to  find  fault  (for  some- 
thing). Ich  kann  es  Ihnen  nicht  verargen,  I  cannot  blame  you  for  it 
(verdenken). 

VERARMEN  {intr.,  tr.),  verarmte,  verarmt,  to  grow  poor,  to  sink 
into  poverty,  into  reduced  circumstances;  to  become  a  pauper;  to 
impoverish,  to  reduce  to  beggary  or  poverty. 

VERAUKTIONIREN  {tr.,  ace),  verauktionirte,  verauktionirt,  to 

sell  by  auction,  to  sell  under  the  hammer  (offentlich  verkaufen). 
VERAUSGABEN  (tr.,  ace),  verausgabte,  verausgabt,  to  spend,  to 
pay  on  or  for;  to  pass. 

VERBANNEN  {tr.,  ace),  verbannte,  verbannt,  to  banish,  exile,  trans- 
port, outlaw,  proscribe;  expel,  expatriate;  ostracize. 

VERBAUERN  {intr.,  *),  verbauerte,  verbauert,  to  adopt  rustic  man- 
ners;  to  become  countrified  or  boorish. 

VERBESSERN  {tr.,  reft.),  verbesserte,  verbessert,  to  better,  improve, 
correct,  rectify;  to  alter,  mend,  repair;  to  perfect,  remodel,  reform; 
to  revise. 

VERBLUFFEN  {tr.,  ace),  verblUffte,  verblufft,  to  stagger,  startle, 
puzzle;  bewilder,  disconcert;  stupefy;  to  amaze;  to  dumbfound. 

VERBLUMEN  {tr.,  ace),  verblUmte,  verbliimt,  to  smother  with 
flowers;  to  disguise  the  meaning  of  one's  words;  to  allude  to  some- 
thing; to  express  something  in  veiled  language;  to  use  figurative  or 
indirect  terms. 

VERBRUDERN  {tr.,  refl.),  verbriiderte,  verbriidert,  to  unite  like 
brothers,  to  establish  a  close  friendship;  to  fraternize;  to  take  up 
a  cause. 

VERBUHLEN  {tr.),  verbuhlte,  verbuhlt,  to  spend  in  debauchery; 
to  lead  an  unchaste,  lewd,  lascivious,  debauched  life. 

VERDAMMEN  {tr.,  ace),  verdammte,  verdammt,  to  damn,  curse, 
condemn;  to  doom;  to  reject,  reprobate;  to  pronounce  condemna- 
tion. 

VERDAUEN  {tr.),  verdaute,  verdaut,  to  digest.  Das  kann  ich  nicht 
vcrdauen,  I  cannot  tolerate  that. 

VERDOLMETSCHEN  (DOLMETSCHEN)  (tr.,  intr.),  verdol- 
metschte,  verdolmetscht,  to  interpret,  translate,  to  explain 
(erklaren). 


Regular   Verbs.  217 

VERDOPPELN  {tr.,  reft.,  ace),  verdoppelte,  verdoppelt,  to  multiply 
by  two,  to  double,  duplicate,  quicken;   to  geminate. 

VERDORREN  {tr.,  refl.,  intr.,  *),  verdorrte,  verdorrt,  to  dry  up, 
wither;    to  die;  to  parch;  to  blast. 

VERDtlNNEN  {tr.),  verdiinnte,  verdiinnt,  to  dilute,  to  thin,  to  make 
thinner;   to  temper,  wash,  weaken;   to  reduce  to  a  smaller  scale. 

VEREDELN  {tr.,  refl.),  veredelte,  veredelt,  to  raise,  to  elevate,  to 
ennoble;  to  ameliorate,  improve,  purify,  perfect,  cultivate,  to  bring 
to  better  perfection. 

VEREHELICHEN  {tr.,  refl.),  verehelichte,  verehelicht,  to  marry, 
to  become  married. 

VEREIDIGEN  {tr.,  ace),  vereidigte,  vereidigt,  to  take  or  to  admin- 
ister an  oath;  to  swear  a  person  in ;  to  bind  a  person  by  oath. 

VEREINBAREN  {tr.,  refl.),  vereinbarte,  vereinbart,  to  bring  about 
a  settlement;  to  come  to  an  agreement,  arrangement  or  under- 
standing; to  agree  upon. 

VEREINZELN  {tr.,  refl.),  vereinzelte,  vereinzelt,  to  isolate,  to  place 
something  by  itself;  detach,  sever,  separate,  insulate,  dismember; 
to  treat  singly,  individualize;   to  specify. 

VEREITELN  {tr.,  gen.,  dat.),  vereitelte,  vereitelt,  to  frustrate,  baffle, 
to  balk,  thwart,  defeat,  disappoint,  spoil,  mar.  Jemands  Hoffnung 
vereiteln,  to  shatter  one's  hope. 

VERENGERN  {tr.,  refl.),  verengerte,  verengert,  to  narrow,  to 
straiten,  to  contract,  tighten;  to  grow  narrower,  to  taper  ofif. 

VEREWIGEN  {tr.,  ace),  verewigte,  verewigt,  to  perpetuate,  to  eter- 
nize; to  immortalize,  to  become  immortal. 

VERGAFFEN  {intr.,  refl.,  ace),  vergaffte,  vergafft,  to  fall  in  love 
with,  to  dote  upon  someone,  to  be  smitten  with  love. 

VERGALLEN  {tr.,  dat.),  vergallte,  vergallt,  to  make  something  ap- 
pear hateful  in  a  person's  eyes;  to  set  a  person  against  something; 
to  worry,  displease;  to  break  the  gall-bladder. 

VERGEGENWARTIGEN  {tr.,  insep.,  dat.),  vergegenwartigte,  ver- 
gegenwartigt,  to  make  a  person  see  something  very  clearly;  to  de- 
scribe something  graphically;  to  represent  something  vividly. 

VERGEUDEN  {tr.,  ace),  vergeudete,  vergeudet,  to  squander,  dis- 
sipate, misspend,  throw  away,  lavish;  to  waste  or  fool  away. 

VERGEWALTIGEN  {tr.,  ace),  vergewaltigte,  vergewaltigt,  to  offer 

violence  to  a  person;   to  use  force;    to  use  oppression;   to  assault; 

to  attack. 
VERGEWISSERN  {tr.,  gen.,  ace,  refl.),  vergewisserte,  vergewissert, 

to  confirm,  to  certify  something;    to  convince,  assure  a  person  of 

something;  to  ascertain  or  make  sure  of. 
VERGIFTEN  {tr.,  o.,  refl.),  vergiftete,  vergiftet,  to  poison,  to  infect 

with  or  to  make  poisonous;  to  envenom,  corrupt,  taint. 


2i8  Regular   Verbs. 

VERGITTERN  {tr.),  vergitterte,  vergittert,  to  grate  up,  to  enclose 
(with  lattice  work),  to  wire  in;  to  bar. 

VERGNUGEN  {tr.,  refl.,  *  o.),  vemiigte,  vergniigt,  to  please,  gratify, 
amuse,  divert;  to  be  satisfied  with  something;  to  enjoy,  to  amuse 
oneself.     Ich  bin  vergniigt  dariiber,  I  am  delighted  with  it. 

VERGOLDEN  (tr.),  vergoldete,  vergoldet,  to  gild,  to  gild  over. 

VERGROSSERN  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  vergrosserte,  vergrossert,  to  en- 
large, aggrandize,  increase,  augment,  add  to,  swell,  raise,  enhance, 
multiply;  amplify,  extend,  magnify;  to  exaggerate;  aggravate,  to 
increase,  grow  larger,  expand,  deepen. 

VERGtJTEN  (VERGUTIGEN)  {tr.,  dat.),  vergtitete,  vergiitet,  to  make 
up,  to  make  amendments,  to  counterbalance;  to  compensate,  restore, 
refund,  indemnify;  to  make  good,  to  reimburse;   to  reciprocate. 

VERHEEREN  {tr.,  ace),  verheerte,  verheert,  to  lay  waste,  ravage, 
destroy,  overrun,  devastate,  desolate,  ruin,  to  wash  or  wear  away. 

VERHEHLEN  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  verhehlte,  verhehlt,  to  conceal,  to 
hide,  to  keep  away,  to  suppress. 

VERHEIMLICHEN  {tr.,  dat.),  verheimlichte,  verheimlicht,  to  keep 
or  conceal  something,  to  keep  back,  to  draw  a  veil  over,  to  preserve 
a  secrecy  about  something. 

VERHERRLICHEN  {tr.),  verherrlichte,  verherrlicht,  to  brighten, 
adorn,  glorify;  to  throw  a  glamor  over. 

VERJUNGEN  {tr.,  reft.),  verjiingte,  verjungt,  to  rejuvenate,  refresh, 
to  make  young  again;  to  grow  juvenile;  to  reduce,  batter. 

VERKLEINERN  {tr.),  verkleinerte,  verkleinert,  to  diminish,  nar- 
row down,  to  dwarf,  to  reduce  in  size;  to  belittle  something,  to 
extenuate,  to  disparage,  depreciate  (see  kleinern). 

VERKORPERN  {tr.,  reft.,  imp.),  verkorperte,  verkorpert,  to  per- 
sonify, impersonate,  to  become  the  personification  of  something;  to 
become  embodied. 

VERLANGERN  {tr.,  reft.),  verlangerte,  verlangert,  to  draw  out, 
lengthen,  add,  eke  out;  to  produce  (a  line);  to  grow  longer,  extend, 
stretch,  protract,  prolong. 

VERLEIDEN  {tr.,  dat.),  vejleidete,  verleidet,  to  disHke,  to  disgust 
a  person  with  something;  to  set  against;  to  sicken  a  person  of 
something;  to  spoil  or  mar.  Der  Ort  ist  mir  verleidet,  I  dislike 
this  place  (see  bemitleiden). 

VERLEUGNEN  {tr.,  reft.),  verleugnete,  verleugnet,  to  deny,  disown, 
disavow,  cast  off;  to  betray,  contest,  renounce  (see  leugnen). 

VERLEUMDEN  {tr.),  verleumdete,  verleumdet,  to  defame,  decry; 
to  slander,  calumniate,  to  traduce,  libel,  detract  from,  belittle. 

VERMAHLEN  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  vermahlte,  vermahlt,  to  give  away 
in  marriage,  to  unite  in  wedlock,  to  wed. 
Wiedervermahlen  {tr.,  reft.,  sep.,  ace),  to  remarry,   to  reunite  in 
wedlock,  to  contract  a  second  marriage. 


Regular   Verbs.  219 

VERMINDERN  {tr.,  refl.),  verminderte,  vermindert,  to  extenuate, 
slacken,  retard;  to  diminish,  reduce,  cut  down;  moderate,  decrease, 
fall  off,  subside,  go  down  (in  price). 

VERMODERW  (intr.,  *),  vermoderte,  vermodert,  to  decay,  fall  to 
dust,  rot,  to  perish  in  poverty  (see  modern). 

VERMUTHEN  {tr.),  vermuthete,  vermuthet,  to  suppose,  presume, 
guess,  divine,  fancy,  imagine,  think;  surmise,  suspect,  conjecture, 
judge  (see  muthen). 

VERNICHTEN  {tr.),  vemichtete,  vernichtet,  to  destroy,  crush,  ex- 
terminate, break,  smash;  overthrow;  to  reduce,  to  declare  null  and 
void;  annul,  cancel,  quash,  revoke,  abolish;   to  wreck,  undermine. 

VERNICKELN  {tr.),  vernickelte,  vemickelt,  to  nickelize,  to  plate 
(with  nickel) ;  to  polish. 

VERODEN  {intr.,  tr.,  *),  verodete,  verodet,  to  lay  waste,  desolate, 
devastate,  ravage;  depopulate;  to  become  desolate,  deserted;  to 
lay  waste. 

VEROFFENTLICHEN  {tr.),  veroffentlichte,  veroffentlicht,  to  ad- 
vertise, to  publish,  make  public,  bring  out,  promulgate;  announce. 

VERPASSEN  {tr.,  ace),  verpasste,  verpasst,  to  let  something  slip, 
to  miss,  to  lose;  to  wait  until  (something  is  over);  to  pass  (see 
passen) . 

VERPFLICHTEN  {tr.,  refl.,  o.),  verpflichtete,  verpflichtet,  to  oblige; 
to  pledge  oneself  to;  to  promise,  to  be  bound  over  to;  to  put  one 
under  obligation;  to  swear,  take  an  oath.  Ich  bin  Dir  zu  Dank 
verpflichtet,  I  am  indebted  to  you  (see  pflichten). 

VERRENEIEN  {tr.,  refl.),  verrenkte,  verrenkt,  to  sprain,  to  wrench,  to 

twist;  to  put  out  of  joint,  to  dislocate;  to  force  a  bone  from  its  socket. 

Sich  den  Arm  verrenken,  to  sprain  or  dislocate  one's  arm. 
VERROTTEN  {tr.,  intr.,  *),  verrottete,  verrottet,  to  fall  into  decay, 

to  rot,  putrefy;  to  cause,  to  let  rot;  to  spoil. 
VERSCHLIMMERN  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  *),  verschlimmerte,  verschlim- 

mert,  to  make  worse,  aggravate,  exasperate;    to  grow  desperate, 

serious;  to  become  hopelessly  bad  (verschlechtern). 
VERSCHNUPFEN  {intr.,  tr.,  ace.),  verschnupfte,  verschnupft,  to  be 

or  feel  offended  or  annoyed;   to  use  much  snuff;   to  spend  on  snuff; 

to  have  a  cold  in  the  head. 
VERSCHONERN  {tr.,  refl.),  verschonerte,  verschonert,  to  embellish, 

to  beautify;    to  adorn,  to  ornament;    to  decorate  or  to  trim  up;  to 

improve;    to  grow   more  beautiful   in  appearance.     Ein  Verscho- 

nerungsmittel,  a  cosmetic. 
VERSCHRANKEN   {tr.),  verschrankte,  verschrankt,  to  interlock, 

interlace,  to  dovetail,  to  cross  (legs  or  arms). 
VERSCHWENDEN    {tr.,   ace),   verschwendete,   verschwendet,   to 

spend  liberally,  to  give  freely,  to  waste  lavishly,  to  ruin  oneself  by 

extravagance,  to  be  wasteful,  to  squander  away. 


220  Regular   Verbs. 

VERSCHWISTERN  {tr.,  reft.),  verschwisterte,  verschwistert,  to 
make  a  sister  of;  to  form  a  sisterly  alliance;  to  form  a  close  union. 
Ich  bin  mit  ihnen  verschwistert,  we  are  (like)  brothers  and  sisters. 

VERSEIFEN  {intr.,  refl.,  *),  verseifte,  verseift,  to  turn  to  soap;  to 
saponify;   to  wash  or  rub  oneself  with  soap. 

VERSILBERN  (tr.),  versilberte,  versilbert,  to  silver  over,  to  do  over 
with  silver;  to  plate,  give  silver  color  or  lustre;  to  sell,  to  turn  into 
cash.  Jemandem  die  Hande  versilbern,  to  grease  a  person's  palm 
(bestechen). 

VERSIWNLICHEN  (tr.,  intr.,  *  refl.),  versinnlichte,  versinnlicht, 
to  materialize,  to  render  perceptible,  tangible,  to  grow  sensual. 

VERSITTLICHEN  {tr.),  versittlichte,  versittlicht,  to  civilize,  to 
improve  morals,  to  raise  the  moral  tone. 

VERSPATEN  {tr.,  refl.),  verspatete,  verspatet,  to  delay,  retard,  to 
be  too  late  or  behind  time,  to  be  overdue;  to  make  a  person  late. 

VERSTANDIGEN  {tr.,  refl.),  verstandigte,  verstandigt,  to  apprise, 
advise,  inform,  acquaint  a  person  with;  to  come  to  an  understand- 
ing; to  agree,  arrange,  settle. 

VERSTEINEN  {tr.),  versteinte,  versteint,  to  cover  with  stones  or 
flints,  to  gravel  or  ballast  (a  road). 

VERSTEINERN  {tr.,  intr.,  *  refl.),  versteinerte,  versteinert,  to  pet- 
rify, to  become  petrified,  to  turn  to  stone,  to  become  amazed. 

VERSTOREN  {tr.,  o.),  verstorte,  verstort,  to  disturb,  upset,  bewilder; 
to  be  agitated  or  troubled  (see  storen). 

VERSTtJMMELN  {tr.,  refl.),  verstummelte,  verstiimmelt,  to  man- 
gle, mutilate,  truncate;  to  spoil,  cut  down;  tamper  with,  curtail; 
to  maim  (oneself). 

VERSTUMMEN  {intr.,  *),  verstummte,  verstummt,  to  grow  dumb, 
mute,  to  become  speechless,  silent;  to  shut  a  person's  mouth. 

VERSUMPFEN  {intr.,  *),  versumpfte,  versumpft,  to  become  marshy, 
swampy,  boggy;  to  sink,  go  down  (morally). 

VERTHEIDIGEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  vertheidigte,  vertheidigt,  to  defend, 

vindicate,  uphold,  support,  plea,  protect. 
VERTIEFEN  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  vertiefte,  vertieft,  to  deepen,  chisel, 

sink,  hollow  out;   to  immerse,  penetrate;   to  muse,  be  absorbed  in 

thoughts,  etc. 
VERTIEREN  {intr.,  *  tr.),  vertierte,  vertiert,  to  grow  brutal,  to 

become  brutalized;  to  sink  into  a  brute  or  animal;   to  animalize. 
VERUBELN  {tr.,  dat.),  veriibelte,  veriibelt,  to  blame,  find  fault  with. 
VERUNGLIMPFEN   {tr.,   ace),   veninglimpfte,   veninglimpft,   to 

deface,   disfigure,   disparage;    slander,    libel,   traduce,   revile,   run 

down,  calumniate. 
VERUNGLUCKEN  {intr.,  *  ace),  to  meet  with  or  have  an  accident;  to 

come  to  grief;    to  fail;    not  to  succeed;    to  be  unsuccessful;    to 

perish,  to  be  kiUed, 


Regular    Verbs.  221 

VERUNTREUEN  {tr.),  veruntreute,  veruntreut,  to  steal,  embezzle, 
misappropriate;  to  administer  unfaithfully;  to  defalcate;  to  act 
fraudulently  in  managing. 

VERURSACHEN  {tr.,  dat.),  verursachte,  verursacht,  to  cause,  to 
operate,  to  give;  to  be  at  the  bottom  of;  to  occasion,  to  bring  on; 
to  induce,  to  produce,  to  bring  forth ;^  to  provoke,  to  entail;  to  in- 
volve in. 

VERVIELFACHEN  (tr.,refl.),  vervielfachte,  vervielfacht,  to  multiply, 
diversify,  reproduce;  to  put  in  print;  electrotype  (vervielfaltigen). 

VERVIELFALTIGEN  (tr.,  refl.),  vervielfaltigte,  vervielfaltigt,  to 
multiply,  diversify;    to  reproduce;    to  print;  to  electrotype. 

VERVOLLSTANDIGEN  {tr.,  refl.),  vervoUstandigte,  vervollstandigt, 
to  make  or  render  complete,  replenish;  to  complete,  get  ready  for 
commission. 

VERWAISEN  {tr.,  intr.,  *),  verwaiste,  verwaist,  to  become  orphaned; 
to  lose  one's  parents,  to  be  deserted,  desolate,  bereft  of  one's  father 
and  mother;  to  orphan,  to  bereave  a  child  of  its  parents. 

VERWIRREN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  verwirrte,  verwirrt,  to  disturb,  to  con- 
fuse, to  perplex,  to  disarrange,  turn  (see  wirren) . 

VERWOHNEN  {tr.,  refl.),  verwohnte,  verwohnt,  to  spoil  (a  person), 

to  accustom  or  allow  one  to  contract  luxurious,  expensive  habits  or 

tastes,  to  become  an  epicure. 
VERWUNDEN  {tr.,  refl.),  verwundete,  verwundet,  to  hurt,  wound, 

to  cut  oneself. 
VERWUSTEN  {tr.,  ace),  verwiistete,  verwiistet,  to  waste,  devastate; 

to  make  a  wilderness. 
VERZICHTEN  {intr.,  hah.),  verzichtete,  verzichtet,  to  forego,  to  give 

up,  to  relinquish,  to  abandon,  to  renounce,   to  waive  a  claim,   to 

surrender.     Verzicht  leisten,  to  resign;  to  be  without  prejudice. 
VERZINNEN  {tr.,  ace),  verzinnte,  verzinnt,  to  tin,  blanch;   to  put 

on  a  coat  of  tin. 
VERZWEIGEN  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.),  verzweigte,  verzweigt,  to  branch 

out  or  off,  to  ramify,  to  send  out  branches  (see  zweigen). 


W. 

WACHEN  {hab.,  intr.),  wachte,  gewacht,  to  be  awake;  to  be  astir 
about;    to  sit,  stay  up,  wait  or  watch  for;    to  attend;    to  look  after; 
to  stand  (sentinel). 
Aufwachen  {sep.,  *  intr.),  to  awake,  to  wake  up,   to  stir,   to  start 

up,  to  get  up,  to  rise. 
Auswachen   {tr.,  dat.,  Intr.,  sep.),  to  watch  to  or  till  the  last,  to  sit 
up  late  watching;   to  be  exhausted  or  tired  by  watching. 


or 


222  Regular    Verbs. 

Bewachen  (/r.,  gen.,  ace),  to  guard,  to  watch,  to  keep  sentry,  to  take 

charge,  to  commit  to  custody  of. 
Durchwachen  {tr.,  sep.,  insep.),  to  pass  the  night  awake;    to  pass 

the  night  watching. 
Erwachen  {intr.,  *),  to  awake,  to  wake  up,  to  start  up,  to  dawn,  to 

become  disenchanted. 
Uberwachen  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.,  insep.,  ace),  to  watch  over,  to  superintend, 

to  have  charge  of,  to  keep  an  eye  on,  control. 
Umwachen  {tr.,  ace),  to  watch  around,  to  keep  sentry  of;   to  keep 

detectives  or  police  on. 
Verwachen  {tr.,  refl.),  to  pass  a  sleepless  night;  to  sit  up  all  night. 

WAFFNEN  {tr.,  refl.),  waffnete,  gewaffnet,  to  arm  oneself;  to  take 
up  arms;  to  armor,  equip;  to  prepare  for  battle;  to  take  patience; 
to  possess  one's  soul  (in  patience). 

Bewaffnen  {tr.,  refl.),  to  arm,  guard  against. 

Entwaffnen  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.),  to  disarm,  divest  of  armor. 

WAGEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  wagte,  gewagt,  to  venture,  to  risk,  to  hazard, 
to  jeopardize,  to  dare,  to  attempt,  to  undertake,  to  chance. 

WAHLEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  wahlte,  gewahlt,  to  choose,  to  select,  to 
pick  out,  to  elect,  to  vote,  ballot. 

Auswahlen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  make  choice  of,  to  pick  out,  to 
select. 

Erwahlen  {tr.,  ace),  to  elect,  to  be  elected,  to  vote  for,  to  choose,  to 
make  choice. 

Nachwahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  choose,  elect,  or  select  later  or  after- 
ward; to  elect  by  second  ballot. 

WAHNEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  refl.),  wahnte,  gewahnt,  to  beUeve,  think, 

to  be  of  opinion;  to  fancy  or  imagine. 
Dahinwahnen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  dream  or  fancy  away,  to  think  of  a 

remote  object,  to  be  lost  in  illusion. 
Erwahnen  {tr.,  ace,  gen.),  to  mention,  to  specify,  to  speak  of,  to  cite, 

to  make  mention  of. 
Fortwahnen  {tr.,  intr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  keep  on  believing,  imagining. 

WAHREN  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  wahrte,  gewahrt,  to  observe,  to  save,  to 
preserve,  shield,  ward,  to  take  care. 
Aufbewahren  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  save,  preserve,  to  keep,  to  reserve, 
to  lay  aside,  to  store,  to  deposit. 

Bewahren  {tr.,  o.,  ace,  refl.),  to  protect,  to  shelter,  to  shield,  to 

screen,  to  defend. 
Gewahren  {tr.,  ace,  gen.,  insep.),  to  become  aware,  to  perceive,  see, 

to  catch  sight  of. 
Verwahren  {tr.,  ace,  o.,  refl.),  to  keep  in  safety,  to  preserve,  to  put 


Regular   Verbs.  223 

in  safe  custody,  to  deposit,  protect,  to  protect  against,  to  reserve 

against. 
WAHREN  (tr.,  imp.),  wahrte,  gewahrt,  to  last,  endure,  to  hold  out; 

to  drag  on. 
Bewahren  {tr.,  refl.,  insep.),  to  verify,  to  prove  to  be  true;  to  test;  to 

turn  out;  to  essay;  to  make  trial. 
Entwahren  {tr.,  gen.,  insep.),  to  evict,  dispossess;    to  eject,  to  turn 

out;  to  oust. 
Gewahren  {tr.,  intr.),  to  grant,  allow,  permit;   to  concede;    to  let  a 

person  act,  to  allow  a  person  liberty;  to  procure,  cause,  to  bestow. 

WALLEN  {intr.,  hah.,  *),  wallte,  gewallt,  to  walk,  travel,  journey, 

rove;    to  go  on  a  pilgrimage;    to  bubble  up;    to  simmer,  to  seethe; 

to  boil;    to  be  agitated  or  excited;    to  float,  wave  or  stream  (in  the 

wind). 
WALTEN  {tr.,  intr.,  o.),  waltete,  gewaltet,  to  rule,  govern,  sway,  hold 

the  rules  of  government;    to  act,  obtain,  exist;    to  look  over;    to 

watch  something;  to  attend;  to  superintend. 
Verwalten  {tr.),  to  govern,  act  as  guardian,  manage,  conduct. 
WALZEN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  walzte,  gewalzt,  to  roll,  turn  over  or  about; 

to  throw  or  cast  (blame)  upon  someone  else;  to  exculpate. 
WANDELN  {tr.,  ace,  hah.,  *  intr.,  refl.),  wandelte,  gewandelt,    to 

change,  to  transform,  to  effect,  to  go;  to  walk,  to  stroll;  to  act.     Auf 

dem  Wege  der  Tugend  wandeln,  to  walk  in  the  path  of  virtue. 
Anwandeln    (*  intr.,  tr.,  imp.,  hah.,  sep.),   to  get  an  attack,  a  fit, 

a  qualm,  stroke,  spleen;  to  walk  up,  to  come  sauntering  along. 
Aufwandeln  {intr.,  sep.,  hah.,  *),  to  ascend,  to  rise,  to  elevate. 
Fortwandeln  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  walk  on,  to  go  one's  way. 
Hinwandeln  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  walk  or  wander  somewhere,  to  emi- 
grate, to  go  to. 
Nachwandeln  (*  intr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  follow,  to  come  after,  to  run  after, 

to  pursue,  to  succeed. 
Umwandeln  {tr.,  ace,  sep.,  insep.,  intr.,  hah.,  *),  to  walk  or  wander 

round;    to  be  changed,  to  turn  over,  to  begin  anew. 
Verwandeln   {tr.,   ace,   refl.),   to  change,   transform,   transmute,  to 

metamorphose,  to  turn,  reduce,  convert. 

WANDERN  {intr.,  *  hah.,),  wanderte,  gewandert,  to  wander,  to  travel, 
to  journey,  to  walk,  to  ramble,  to  migrate,  to  go  to,  to  leave,  to  emi- 
grate. 

Anwandem  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  walk  up,  to  come  tramping'or  wander- 
ing along;  to  arrive. 

Aufwandem  {sep.,  intr.,  *),  to  come  up,  to  arrive  in. 

Auswandern  {sep.,  intr.,  tr.,  hah.,  *),  to  emigrate,  to  quit  one's  country, 
to  leave,  to  travel  away,  to  wander  away.  Ich  habe  ausgewandert, 
I  have  done  travelHng. 


224  Regular   Verbs. 

Einwandem  {sep.,  intr.  *),  to  migrate,  to  immigrate,  to  go  to,  to  domi- 
cile. 

Fortwandem  {sep.,  intr.,  *),  to  leave,  to  go  away,  to  walk,  to  wander 
away,  to  go  off,  to  set  out. 

Herumwandem  {sep.,  intr.,  *),  to  wander  or  rove  about,  to  travel 
from  one  place  to  another. 

Hinwandem  {sep.,  intr.,  *),  to  walk  or  wander  somewhere,  to  move 
away,  to  ramble  off,  to  loiter,  to  ramble.  Hin-  und  herwandern,  to 
wander  to  and  fro,  to  go  from  one  place  to  another. 

Mitwandem  {sep.,  intr.,  *),  to  go  or  wander  along,  to  ramble  in 
company,  to  go  in  company  with  others. 

Nachwandem  {sep.,  intr.,  *),  to  travel,  to  go,  to  journey  after. 

Zuriickwandem  (*  intr.,  sep.),  to  return,  to  get  back. 

WANKEN   {intr.,   *  hah.),   wankte,  gewankt,  to  totter,  shake;    to 
stagger;  to  become  unsettled;  to  falter  (schwanken). 
Entwanken  {intr.,  *),  to  go  or  move  away  totteringly. 

WARNEN  {tr.,  ace),  wamte,  gewamt,  to  warn,  to  caution  against,  to 
tell  to  beware;  to  hint. 

WARTEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  wartete,  gewartet,  to  wait,  to  stay,  to  tarry, 

to  pause;  to  attend;  to  nurse. 
Abwarten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  await,  to  wait  for,  to  be  expectant;   to 

pursue,  to  wait  till,  to  delay. 
Aufwarten  {tr.,  dat.,  ace,  sep.),  to  wait  upon,  to  serve,  to  tend,  to 

attend;  to  pay  a  visit,  to  call. 
Auswarten  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  stay  or  wait  to  the  end,  to  have  done 

waiting,  to  apply  oneself  assiduously  to  a  thing;  to  attain  by  waiting. 
Erwarten  {tr.,  ace),  to  wait  or  stay  for  a  person,  to  expect,  to  look 

forward  to,  to  anticipate,  to  suspend,  to  be  expectant. 
WECHSELN  {intr.,  tr.,  hah.,  *),  wechselte,  gewechselt,  to  change, 

alter,  vary;    to  renew  or  to  be  renewed;    to  shift,  interchange;    to 

substitute,  replace;  to  exchange;  to  converse;  to  do  banking. 
Auswechseln  {tr.,  reft.),  to  exchange,  interchange;   to  trim,  newline. 
Verwechseln  {tr.),  to  mix  up;  to  exchange  something  for  another. 
WECKEN  {tr.,  ace),  weckte,  geweckt,  to  wake,  to  arouse,  to  call;  to 

ring;  to  stimulate. 
Aufwecken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  rouse,  to  awaken,  to  knock  or  call  up; 

to  enliven. 
Erwecken  {tr.,  ace),  to  excite;   to  create;   to  cause,  to  occasion;   to 

stimulate;  to  revive. 
WEHREN  {refl.,  gen.,  ace,  tr.,  intr.),  wehrte,  gewehrt,  to  defend,  fight, 

resist;  to  prevent,  stop,  check,  avert;  to  oppose,  restrain. 
Abwehren  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.,  dot.),  to  keep  off;    to  repel,  repulse;   to 

shield,  protect. 


Regular    Verbs.  225 

Bewehren  {gen.,  tr.,  reft.,  insep.),  to  protect,  to  defend  oneself,  to 

arm  oneself. 
Entwehren  {refl.,  gen.,  insep.,  tr.),  to  disarm  oneself,  someone;   to 

protect. 
Verwehren  {tr.,  insep.,  dat.),  to  hinder,  prevent,  forbid;  to  deny;  keep 

from,  to  obstruct. 

WEICHEN  {intr.,  tr.,  hah.,  *;  used  reg.  and  irreg.),  weichte,  geweicht, 
to  soak,  to  soften,  to  put  into  water.  For  weichen  {intr.,  *  o.),  to 
peld,  withdraw,  retreat,  etc.,  see  list  of  irregular  verbs,  page  91. 

Ausweichen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  soak;    to  soften  (abweichen). 

Durchweichen  {sep.,  tr.,  ace,  intr.,  *),  to  soak,  to  be  soaked;  to 
drench. 

Einweichen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  soak,  to  sap;    to  infuse;    to  drench. 

Erweichen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  intr.,  *),  to  soften,  mollify;  to  move  to 
tears;    to  relent;  to  be  lenient. 

Sich  verweichen  {refl.)  (verzarteln),  to  spoil  by  too  much  tender- 
ness;   to  pet,   render  dainty. 

Verweichen  (*  tr.,  intr.)  (see  verweichlichejt),  to  effeminate,  to  make 

dainty;    to  soak  too  much. 
WEIDEN  {tr.,  intr.,  refl.,  dat.),  weidete,  geweidet,  to  pasture,  to  graze; 

to  keep;  to  tend;  to  rejoice,  to  revel  in. 
Abweiden  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  to  graze  on;  to  feed  on;  to  turn  cattle  into 

meadow;  to  pasture.  *- 

Ausweiden  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  graze  all  the  pasture;  to  finish  grazing 

or  pasturing. 

WEIGERN  {tr.,  refl.),  weigerte,  geweigert,  to  refuse,  to  decUne  to 
do;  to  rebel;  to  kick  against;  to  resist,  to  be  stubborn. 
Verweigem  {tr.,  insep.),  to  refuse,  to  reject;  to  disobey. 

WEIHEN  {tr.,  0.,  refl.),  weihte,  geweiht,  to  consecrate,  dedicate;  to 
ordain;  to  give  blessing;  to  convert;  to  give  oneself  up  to.  Sich 
weihen,  to  dedicate  or  consecrate  oneself  to;  to  sacrifice  oneself. 

Einweihen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  initiate  into,  to  acquaint  with;  to  dedicate, 
to  set  apart  to;  to  bless  somebody;  to  let  a  person  into  a  secret. 

Entweihen  {tr.,  ace),  to  divest  of  a  sacred  character  or  office;  to 
desecrate,  to  profane;  to  pollute. 

WEILEN  {intr.,  hah.,  refl.),  weilte,  geweilt,  to  stop,  to  dwell,  to  stay, 

to  tarry,  to  linger,  to  delay,  loiter. 
Ausweilen  {sep.),  to  wait  until  a  certain  or  given  time;  to  tarry  away; 

to  linger. 
Langweilen  {tr.,  ace,  imp.,  refl.),  to  weary,  to  be  bored,  to  have  a 

dull  time,  to  get  tired  of. 
Verweilen  {intr.,   hah.,   refl.),  to  stay,  to  stop,  to  live,  to  reside,  to 

continue,  to  dwell,  to  sojourn. 

15 


226  Regular    Verbs. 

WEINEN  (tr.,  o.,  intr.,refl.),  weinte,  geweint,  to  cry,  to  weep,  to  lament, 

to  bemoan,  to  sob,  to  shed  tears. 
Aufweinen  (inir.,  sep.),  to  break  into  tears,  to  awaken  by  weeping, 

to  cry  in  violent  sobs. 
Ausweinen  (refl.,  sep.),  to  exhaust,  to  pine  away  by  weeping,  to  calm 

oneself  by  weeping. 
Beweinen  (tr.,  ace),  to  mourn,  to  weep  or  bewail  a  person's  loss,  to 

cry  at  a  person's  departure, 
Einweinen  {refl.,  sep.),  to  get  used  to  crying,  to  get  accustomed  to 

sobbing. 
Nachweinen  (jntr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  cry  or  weep  after  a  person,  to  cry  at 

a  person's  departure,  to  bewail  a  person's  loss  or  death, 
Verweinen    {tr.,  refl.;  ace),  to  pass   in  weeping,    to    relieve    one's 

grief  by  tears;   to  have  tear-stained  eyes,  to  weep  away  one's  grief,  to 

dissolve  into  tears. 
WENDEN   {tr.,  ace,  refl.,    used  reg.  and  irreg.),  wendete,  gewendet, 

to  turn;    to  dig;   to  change;  to  direct;  to  toss,  to  alter,  apply;   to 

bestow  upon;  to  cast  (eyes);   to  spend;    devote;    lay  out  (see  list  of 

irregular  verbs,  page  93) . 
Abwenden  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  avert;   to  prevent;   to  change;   to  veer 

round  or  away, 
Anwenden  {tr.,  sep.),  to  employ,  to  use,    to   make   use  of;    to  be- 
stow; to  experiment;  to  place. 
Auswenden  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  turn  over;    to  turn  up  or  down. 
Bewenden  {used  in  the  infinitive  with  lassen),  to  abide  by,  to  acquiesce, 

to  comply  with,  to  let  a  matter  rest. 
Daranwenden  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  spend  on,  to  expend  upon,  to  add  to. 
Einwenden  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  oppose;  to  answer,  to  reply;  to  join;  to 

demonstrate;  to  interpose;  pretend. 
Entwenden  {tr.,  0.,  ace),  to  misappropriate;   to  take  away  secretly,  to 

keep  wrongfully,  to  abstract;  to  steal;  to  filch  from. 
Verwenden  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  turn  about,  to  use  or  employ,  to  apply, 

to  utilize,  to  make  use;  to  influence;  to  impose  (see  irregular  verbs). 
Uberwenden  {tr.,  ace),  to  whip-stitch,  to  oversew;  to  whip  together. 
WERDEN  {auxiliary  verb),  wurde  (ward),  geworden  {seewerden,  list 

of  irregular  verbs)  (takes  sein). 
WETTEN  {tr.,  ace,  w/r.),  wettete,  gewettet,  to  wager,  to  bet;   to  lay 

out;  to  defy;  to  make  up  a  pool,  gamble, 
Verwetten  {tr.,  ace),  to  lose  by  wager,  by  betting,  by  making  up  a 

pool,  by  gambling. 
WETZEN  {tr.,   dat.,  intr.),  wetzte,  gewetzt,  to  whet,  grind,  sharpen; 

to  scrape,  scratch;  to  give  a  person  a  hiding. 
WICKELN  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  wickelte,  gewickelt,  to  wind  round,  to  coil 

round,  to  twist,  to  wrap,  to  make  up. 


I 


Regular    Verbs.  227 

Abwickeln  {tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  unwind,  to  wind  up  or  oflF,  to  regulate, 

settle,  dispatch;  to  liquidate. 
Aufwickeln  (ir.,  ace,  sep.),  to  wrap  up,  to  roll,    wind,   or  take  up; 

uncoil,  unfurl,  unroll,  or  unravel;  to  develop. 
Auswickeln  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  disentangle,  to  extricate,  to  unwrap, 

to  loosen,  to  open. 
Bewickeln  (tr.,  ace),  to  wind  about,  to  wrap  about,  to  envelop,  to 

bundle,  to  wrap  round  or  up. 
Daranwickeln  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  pack  or  bundle  together,  to  wrap  up 

in  one. 
Dariiberwickeln  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  wrap  over,  to  put  or  bundle  over, 

to  case  in,  to  protect. 
Einwickeln  (tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  inwrap,  to  envelop,  to  wrap  up,  to  roll 

in  or  together,  to  enfold,  swathe. 
Entwickeln  (tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  develop,  to  cultivate,  to  form,  improve, 

to  ripen,  to  attain. 
Herauswickeln  (tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  disentangle,  to  extricate,  to  wind 

or  get  out  of,  to  get  rid;  to  rub  off. 
Umwickeln  (tr.,  ace,  sep.,  insep.),  to  wrap  or  put  around,  to  protect, 

to  bandage,  to  muffle,  to  wind  round. 
Verwickeln  (tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  entangle,  to  embroil,  to  involve,  to 

complicate,  to  become  mixed  up  or  implicated  in  a  matter,  to  em- 
bark in,  to  get  caught. 
Zusammenwickeln  (tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  roll  or  wrap  up,  to  wind, 

to  coil  round  a  thing,  to  bundle  up. 

WIDMEN  (tr.,  refl.,  dat.),  widmete,  gewidmet,  to  dedicate,  inscribe; 
to  consecrate;  devote;  study. 

WIEGELN  (tr.,  ace),  wiegelte,  gewiegelt,  to  rock,  to  rock  gently. 

Aufwiegeln  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  raise,  to  stir  up,  to  agitate,  to  instigate, 
to  provoke,  to  incite  to. 

Fortwiegeln  (tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  continue  to  be  in  a  rebellious  move- 
ment, to  continue  agitating. 

Verwiegeln  (tr.,  ace),  to  incite,  raise  or  stir  up  rebellious  movements. 

WIEGEN  (tr.,  ace,  refl.;  usedreg.  andirreg.),  wiegte,  gewiegt,  to  rock 
to  sleep;    to  nurse;    to  swing.      For  wiegen,  to  weigh,  to  calculate, 
etc.,  see  list  of  irregular  verbs,  page  94. 
Einwiegen  (tr.,  refl.,  sep.),  to  lull  or  rock  to  sleep.     Sich  mit  eiteln 
Hoffnungen  einwiegen,  to  be  deluded  by  vain  hopes. 

WILLIGEN  (tr.,  intr.),  willigte,  gewilligt,  to  comply  with,  to  give 
consent  to,  to  accede,  assent,  to  agree,  to  be  satisfied  with. 
Bewilligen  (tr.,  ace),  to  grant,  to  allow,  to  concede,  to  yield,  to  accord, 
to  acquiesce  in,  to  comply  with,  to  consent  to,  to  sanction,  to  permit, 
to  vote. 


228  Regular    Verbs. 

Einwilligen  (ir.,  inir.,  sep.),  to  consent,  agree,  assent,  submit,  allow, 
yield,  comply  with,  permit. 

WIMMELN  (inir.,  imp.),  wimmelte,  gewimmelt,  to  be  crowded  or 
alive  with;  to  abound,  to  teem,  to  grow  in  great  profusion;  to  be 
crammed  full;  to  be  filled  with;  to  be  oversowing,  alive  or  astir 
with. 

WIMMERN  {intr.,  tr.),  wimmerte,  gewimmert,  to  whimper,  to  whine; 
to  pule,  to  moan. 

WINKELN  {tr.,  intr.),  winkelte,  gewinkelt,  to  square;  to  hide  in  a 

corner,  to  do  a  thing  on  the  sly. 
WINKEN  (tr.,  inir.,  dat.),  winkte,  gewinkt,  to  wink  one's  eyes;  to 

beckon;  make  a  sign;  to  answer;  to  hint. 
Anwinken  {tr.,  sep.),  to  wink  at,  to  beckon  to;  to  go  windward. 
Zuwinken  (intr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  nod  or  beckon  to  a  person;  to  give  a 

person  a  wink. 
WIRKEN  {tr.,  ace,  imp.,  intr.),  wirkte,  gewirkt,  to  work,  to  operate; 

to  weave;    to  embroider;    to  effect,  to  set  on  foot,  to  act,  to  do,  to 

exert,  to  be  active,  to  act  on  behalf  of.    Es  hat  gewirkt,  it  has  acted,  it 

had  the  desired  effect.    Striimpfe  wirken,  to  weave  or  knit  stockings. 
Abwirken   {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  do  or  put  away  by  working;    to  cease 

weaving. 
Aufwirken  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  use  up,  to  unweave,  to  unravel,  to  skin; 

to  cut  game;  to  pare. 
Auswirken  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  cease  working,  operating,  producing, 

to  obtain,  to  get,  to  procure;  to  clarify;  to  interweave,  to  effect,  to 

operate. 
Bewirken  {tr.,  dat.,  ace),  to  effect,  to  accomplish,  to  bring  about,  to 

pass,  work  out,  to  occasion,  to  induce;    to  procure;    to  cause. 
Durchwirken   {tr.,   intr.,  sep.,  insep.),  to  interlace,   interweave;   to 

pierce  or  penetrate  with  effect;  to  make  one's  way  through;  to  be  an 

active  man  or  actively  engaged.     Durchwirkte  Arbeit,  figured  silk 

fabrics. 
Einwirken   {tr.,   intr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  make  an  impression  upon,  to 

induce,  to  influence,  to  work  upon,  to  embroider. 
Entwirken  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  undo,  to  unravel,  to  develop,  to  come  to. 
Entgegenwirken  {intr.,  hob.,  sep.),  to  act  against,  to  work  against. 
Fortwirken  {hab.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  continue  acting,  operating,  to  still  use 

influence,  to  still  feel  the  effect. 
Hinwirken  {intr.,  hob.,  sep.),  to  tend  to  produce  an  effect,  to  tend  to  a 

result,  to  direct  one's  efforts  to  something,  to  aim  at  something. 
Mitwirken  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  work  together  with,  to  co-operate,  to 

concur;  to  contribute;  to  collaborate;    to  assist. 
Kachwirken  {hab.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  produce  an  after-effect,  to  operate 

afterward  or  later,  to  effect  later,  to  act  at  a  later  time. 


Regular    Verbs.  229 

Umwirken  {tr.,  sep.,  insep.),  to  weave  around;  to  change  the  tissues 
of;  to  clinch  or  rivet;  to  surround  with  a  tissue  or  web;  to  weave 
differently. 

Verwirken  {tr.,  refl.,  ace),  to  forfeit,  to  become  liable  to,  to  incur,  to 
commit,  to  work  up;  to  weave  wrongly,  to  make  a  mistake  in  weav- 
ing. 

WIRREN  {tr.,  refl.),  wirrte,  gewirrt,  to  tangle;  to  become  entangled 

or  twisted. 
Entwirren  {tr.),  to  disentangle;  to  untwist,  undo. 
Verwirren  {tr.,  o.,  refl.),  to  disarrange,  disorder,  confuse,    perplex, 

disturb,  throw  into  a  confusion;  to  entangle. 

WISCHEN  {tr.,  ace),  wischte,   gewischt,  to  wipe,  to  rub  gently,  to 

clean,  to  dust  off,  to  brush,  wipe. 
Abwischen   {tr.,   sep.),   to   wipe  off,  to  dry,  to  rub  off,  to  swab,  to 

dust,  to  brush  off. 
Aufwischen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  wipe  away  or  up,  to  swab,  to  clean  up. 
Auswischen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  wipe  out;   to  cleanse;    to  deceive,  to 

dupe;  to  blot  out;  to  deal  a  blow. 
Einwischen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  rub  in;  to  soil;  to  whisk  in. 
Entwischen  {dat.,  intr.,  *),  to  become  effaced,   obliterated,  to  blot 

out;  to  escape,  to  run  away. 
Erwischen  (/r.,  ace),  to  catch;  to  surprise;  to  overtake. 
Fortwischen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  wipe  off  or  away,  to  efface;  to  slip,  steal, 

or  slink  away. 
tJberwischen  {tr.,  intr.,  sep.),  to  wipe  over  and  again,  to  clean  or  dust 

again. 
Verwischen   {tr.,   hah.,  sep.),  to  efface,  to  wipe  out,  to  blot  out,  to 

obliterate,  to  blur,  to  erase. 

WITTERN  {intr.,  tr.,  refl.),  witterte,  gewittert,  to  trace,  to  follow  the 
scent  (of  something) ;  to  smell,  sniff. 
Verwittem    {intr.,    *   tr.,  hah.),   to   become  disintegrated,   weather- 
worn;   to  decay,  crumble  into  dust;  to  moulder,  decompose. 

WOHNEN  {imp.,  refl.,  intr.),  wohnte,  gewohnt,  to  live,  to  dwell,  to 

reside,  to  abide,  to  lodge,  to  stay. 
Auswohnen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  stay  in  a  place  for  the  remainder  of  the 

term  or  season. 
Bewohnen  {tr.,  ace),  to  occupy,  to  inhabit,  reside,  dwell,  or  live  in; 

to  lodge. 
Beiwohnen  {intr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  attend,  to  be  present,  to  hear,  to 

goto. 
Einwohnen  {refl.,  tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  be  inherent  or  immanent  in,  to 

deteriorate,  impair,  spoil  while  living,  to  accustom  one  person  to 

a  dwelling-place. 


230  Regular   Verbs. 

Verwohnen  {tr.,  intr.,  ace),  to  spoil  by  living,  to  wear  off  the  fresh 

look  of  a  place  by  living. 
Zusammenwohnen  {intr.,  sep.),  to  live  together,  to  cohabitate,  to 
stay  or  sojourn  together. 
WOLLEN  (auxiliary  verb  of  mood,  one  0}  six),  woUte,  gewollt  (see 

wollen,  list  0}  irregular  verbs)  (takes  haben). 
WUCHERN  {intr.,  hab.),  wucherte,  gewuchert,  to  luxuriate;   to  grow 
rankly;  to  f ungate,  to  form  proud  flesh;  to  be  rampant;  to  practice 
usury;  to  lend  out  money  (at  an  exorbitant  rate  of  interest). 

WtJHLEN  {intr.,  tr.,  hab.,  refl.,  dat.),  wuhlte,  gewiihlt,  to  burrow; 

to  root;    turn  up  the  ground;   to  dig  or  hunt  for;   to  rummage  or 

wallow  in  something;    to  ransack,  turn  upside  down;    to  agitate, 

carry  on  political  campaign. 
Auswiihlen  {sep.,  tr.),  to  turn  up,  dig,  stir  up;  to  shake  or  rake  up. 
Verwiihlen  {tr.),  to  stir  or  root  up  the  ground. 
Zerwiihlen  {tr.,  intr.),  to  grub  up,  to  search  through,  to  hunt  for. 
WUNDERN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  reft.),  wunderte,  gewundert,  to  wonder, 

to  marvel,  to  be  astonished,  to  be  surprised. 
Auswundem  {reft.,  sep.),  to  be  surprised,  to  be  astonished,  to  wonder 

at,  to  be  startled. 
Bewundem  {tr.,  ace),  to  adore,  to  admire,  to  be  enrapt,  to  be  carried 

away,  to  be  struck  by  admiration. 
Verwundem  {tr.,  reft.),  to  astonish,  to  amaze,  to  surprise,  to  startle  a 

person,  to  wonder.    Uber  etwas  verwundert  sein,  to  be  astonished 

at  something. 
WUWSCHEN  {tr.,  dat.,  ace,  intr.,  reft.),  wiinschte,  gewunscht,  to  wish, 

to  desire;  to  be  in  want,  to  long,  yearn,  pine,  crave  (see   gliick- 

wiinschen). 
Erwunschen  {tr.,  ace),  to  obtain  by  desiring  (see  wUnschen). 
Fortwiinschen    {intr.,  tr.,  ace,   sep.),  to  continue  wishing,  to  wish 

away  or  off;  to  dislike. 
Hinwiinschen  {tr.,  reft.,  sep.),  to  want,  to  wish,  to  be  willing  to,  to 

yearn  for  a  place. 
Nachwunschen  {tr.,  o.,  sep.),  to  wish;    to  follow  or  pursue  a  person 

with  wishes.    Ich  wiinsche  ihm  alles  Gute  nach,  my  good  wishes 

follow  him. 
Verwunschen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  to  enchant,  to  bewitch,  to  curse,  to 

execrate,  to  wish  a  person  at  Jericho. 
Zuriickwiinschen  {tr.,  reft.,  sep.),  to  wish  a  thing  or  a  person  to  come 

back;  to  regret. 
WURDIGEN  {tr.,  gen.,  intr.),  wiirdigte,  gewiirdigt,  to  appreciate, 

estimate;  to  be  worthy  or  deserving;  to  do  honor. 
Entwiirdigen  {tr.,  reft.,  insep.),  to  degrade,  to  deprive  of  dignity;  to 

disgrace;  to  prostitute;  to  derogate  from,  to  neglect. 


Regular    Verbs.  231 

WiJRGEN  (Jr.,  intr.,  refl.),  wiirgte,  gewiirgt,  to  throttle,  choke,  strain, 

strangle;   to  force  something  down  one's  throat;   to  retch. 
Erwiirgen  (tr.,  intr.),  to  strangle,  choke,  garrote;  to  be  suffocated; 

to  choke;  to  bite  to  death;  to  slaughter. 
WURZEN  (tr.),  wiirzte,  gewiirzt,  to  season,  flavor,  add  spice  to;  to 

drug,  scent;  to  make  hot  or  spicy;  to  give  new  charm,  new  relish 

(to  life). 

z. 

ZACKEN  (tr.,  refl.),  zackte,  gezackt,  to  jag,  notch,  scallop,  pink;   to 

form  in  zigzag. 
ZAGEN  {intr.,  hah.),  zagte,  gezagt,  to  lack,  to  be  lacking  in  courage  or 

fate;   to  be  faint-hearted;  timid,   frightened,  nervous;  to  quail,  to 

hesitate,  to  waver;  to  tremble,  to  shake  with  fear;  to  be  in  want  of 

spirit. 
Verzagen  {intr.,  hah.),  to  despond,  despair;  to  lose  heart,  courage,  to 

give  wa}';   to  have  no  hope. 
ZAHLEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  zahlte,  gezahlt,  to  count,  to  cipher,  to  figure, 

to  sum  or  count  up,  to  refer. 
Abzahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  number,  to  enumerate,  to  count  out,  to 

deduct;  to  detach,  to  separate. 
Aufzahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  enumerate,  to  reckon  up  singly,  to  detail, 

to  particularize;  to  administer;  to  relate;  to  state;  to  strike. 
Auszahlen  (tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  count  out,  to  calculate  out,  to  number, 

to  show,  to  lay  out,  to  count  to  the  end,  to  cease  counting  or  telling. 
Beizahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  add,  to  number  amongst,  to  enumerate, 

to  range  with. 
Einzahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  count  into.     Einrechnen,  to  comprise, 

to  include,  to  reckon  in. 
Erzahlen  {tr.,  dat.,  ace),  to  relate,  to  count,  to  tell,  to  recount,  to  nar- 
rate, to  state,  to  detail. 
Hinzahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  count  down,  to  pay,  to  hand  out. 
Nachzahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  check,  to  count  over,  to  number  again, 
tiberzahlen  {tr.,  ace),  to  count  over,  to  count  again,  to  recount. 
Umzahlen  {tr.,  sep.,  0.),  to  count  all  round;  to  count  anew. 
Verzahlen  {refl.,  tr.,  ace),  to  make  a  mistake  in  counting,  to  misreckon, 

to  miscount,  to  count  wrongly. 
Zuzahlen  {tr.,  ace,  dat.,  sep.),  to  add,  to  count  out,  to  reckon  something 

in.     Bissen  zuzahlen,  to  grudge  a  person  every  mouthful  he  eats. 
Zusammenzahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  count  up,  to  add  up,  to  total,  to 

sum  up. 
ZAHLEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  zahlte,  gezahlt,  to  pay,  discharge,  settle, 

answer  a  debt,  to  square,  pass. 


232  Regular    Verbs. 

Abzahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  discharge,  to  liquidate  a  debt,  to  pay  off 

in  rates,  to  pay  on  account. 
Anzahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  pay  on  account,  to  make  partial  payment 

or  installment,  to  advance  money. 
Auszahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  pay  out  (over  or  down),  to  pay  cash,  to 

disburse,  to  pay  off. 
Bezahlen  {tr.,  dat.,  ace),  to  pay,  to  satisfy,  to  remunerate,  to  settle, 

clear,  or  liquidate  an  account  or  debt. 
Durchzahlen  {tr.,  sep.,  insep.),  to  count  over,  one  by  one;  to  cast 

up. 
Einzahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  deposit,  to  pay  or  put  in,  to  make  an 

installment. 
Hinzahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  pay  out,  to  pay  a  price  (see  zahlen). 
Nachzahlen    {tr.,    ace,   sep.),  to  pay  later  or  afterward,  to  pay  the 

remainder  or  balance,   to   pay   additionally,   to  make  subsequent 

payment,  the  payment  of  the  arrears. 
Uberzahlen  {tr.,  ace),  to  pay  too  much  for,  to  pay  too  high  a  price 

(zu  viel  zahlen). 
Unterzahlen  {tr.,  ace),  to  underpay,  to  pay  too  Uttle,  not  to  pay 

enough  (zu  wenig  zahlen). 
Zuzahlen    {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  pay  extra,  to  pay  in  addition,  to  make 

additional  payment. 
Zuriickzahlen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  pay  bacl^  to  repay,  to  refund,  to 

reimburse. 
ZAHMEN  {tr.,  reft.),   zahmte,  gezahmt,  to  tame,  break  in,  manage; 

to  overcome,  subdue,  reduce;    chasten;    to  master,  check,  control 

(oneself). 
Bezahmen  {tr.,  reft.),  to  govern,  keep  under  control  (one's  passions); 

to  keep  one's  temper;  to  tame,  subdue,  master. 

ZANKEN  {intr.,  reft.),  zankte,  gezankt,  to  fall  out,  to  quarrel;  to  have 

a  dispute,  to  come  to  words;   to  squabble. 
Auszanken  {reft.),  to  chide,  rebuke. 
Verzanken  {tr.,  reft.),  to  quarrel,  to  fall  out  with  a  person.     Die  2^it 

verzanken,  to  spend  or  lose  time  in  quarreling. 

ZAPFEN  {tr.),  zapfte,  gezapft,  to  tap,  draw  from  (cask);   to  tap;   to 

broach. 
Einzapfen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  draw  out,  tap  into;  to  bottle  (wine);  to  join, 

let  in  (spokes). 
Verzapfen  {tr.),  to  have  or  sell  on  draught,  to  join  by  mortise. 

ZAPPELN  {intr.,  hah.),  zappelte,  gezappelt,  to  struggle,  kick,  strike, 
toss;   to  sprawl;  to  keep  a  person  in  suspense;   to  tantalize  a  person. 
Verzappeln  {intr.,  reft.),  to  exhaust  oneself,  to  wear  out  with  strug- 
gling;   to  leave  a  person  to  despair. 


Regular    Verbs.  233 

ZAUBERN   {intr.,   tr.),   zauberte,   gezaubert,   to  conjure;    practice 
magic  or  witchcraft;    to  use  charms,  spells  or  enchantments;    to 
lay  one  under  a  spell. 
Bezaubem  (tr.),  to  bewitch,  to  ravish,  enrapture,  enchant,  captivate, 

fascinate. 
Verzaubem  (tr.),  to  spirit  a  person  away;   to  charm  him  (into);  to 
change,  transform  or  transmogrify  (by  some  charm). 

ZAUMEN  (tr.),  zaumte,  gezaumt,  to  bridle,  to  put  the  reins  or  bit 
on ;  to  bit  a  horse. 

ZAUNEN  (tr.),  zaunte,  gezaunt,  to  fence;  pale;  palisade. 

Einzaunen  (sep.,  tr.),  to  inclose,  surround,  shut  in  (with  hedges, 
fences);  to  fence  in. 
ZAUSEN  {tr.,  dat.,  reft.),  zauste,  gezaust,  to  tug,  pull,  drag  or  haul 
about. 
Zerzausen  (tr.),  to  crumple,  crease,  dishevel;    to  handle  a  person 
roughly;  to  pull  him  (about), 

ZEICHNEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.,  refl.),  zeichnete,  gezeichnet,  to  draw, 

delineate,  to  design,  draft;    to  color;    sign;    to    brand,    to    mark; 

to  spot;  to  point;  to  sketch. 
Abzeichnen  {tr.,  ace),  to  design,  to  take  a  sketch  of,  to  draw,  to  copy, 

to  mark  off  or  out;   to  contrast  with,  to  be  delineated,  outlined,  or 

traced. 
Anzeichnen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  mark,  to  sign,  to  indicate,  to  note;  to 

score. 
Aufzeichnen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  design,  to  sketch,  to  draw,  to  trace; 

to  plot;  to  map;  to  write,  to  jot,  to  pen  down,  to  note;  to  register, 

to  record,  to  chronicle;  to  catalogue. 
Auszeichnen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.,  sep.),  to  distinguish,  to  excel,  to  show  oflF, 

to  label,  to  mark  out,  to  notice,  to  point  out;  to  take  extracts;  to 

signalize;  to  mark  prices. 
Bezeichnen  {tr.,  ace),  to  mark,  to  point  out,  to  assign,  to  accent,  to 

emphasize;  to  label,  to  brand;   to  indicate,  to  show;  to  express;  to 

characterize;  to  qualify. 
Hineinzeichnen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  embroider,  to  mark,  to  adorn  by 

needlework  or  ink. 
Nachzeichnen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  draw  from  a  model,  to  copy,  to  take 

an  outline  drawing;    to  subscribe  later  (or  subsequently)  for  more 

shares. 
Uberzeichnen  {tr.,  ace),  to  oversubscribe;   to  cover  over. 
Umzeichnen  {tr.,  ace),  to  mark  differently;   to  furnish  with  another 

trade-mark;    to  retouch  a  drawing  or  a  picture;  to  surround  with 

designs. 
Unterzeichnen  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  sign,  to  undersign,  to  countersign, 

to  draw  something  under. 


234  Regular   Verbs. 

Verzeichnen  (tr.,  ace,  reft.),  to  draw  incorrectly;    to  put  down   in 

writing;  to  distort;  to  caricature, 
Vorzeichnen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  draw  something  for  a  pupil  to  copy, 

to  trace  out,  to  point  out. 

ZEIGEN  {tr.,  intr.,  reft.),  zeigte,  gezeigt,  to  show,  prove,  demonstrate; 
to  give  evidence,  to  testify. 

Anzeigen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  show;  to  declare;  to  advertise;  to  an- 
nounce, to  make  known;  to  indicate;  to  notify. 

Aufzeigen  {tr.,  intr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  produce,  show,  to  exhibit,  to 
trot  out;  to  boast;  to  prove. 

Bezeigen  {tr.,  ace),  to  show,  to  give  signs  of,  to  mark,  to  manifest, 
to  testify,  to  express. 

Erzeigen  {tr.,  imp.,  reft.),  to  do;  to  render;  to  pay;  to  confer;  to  show. 

Hinzeigen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  point  out,  to  show,  to  indicate. 

Nachzeigen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  inform,  to  refer  to,  to  assign,  to  es- 
tablish (see  nachweisen) . 

ZERREN   {tr.,  intr.,  dat.,  reft.),  zerrte,  gezerrt,  to  twitch,  to  pull 
roughly;  to  tug  (at  something);  to  drag,  haul,  to  scuffle. 
Verzerren  {tr.,  reft.),  to  become  distorted;    to  make  a  grimace;    to 
contract  convulsively;  to  caricature. 

ZEUGEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  zeugte,  gezeugt,  to  witness,  to  testify;  to 
appear;  to  beget;  to  procreate. 

Bezeugen  {tr.,  ace),  to  attest,  to  testify,  to  bear  witness,  to  give 
•       evidence  of,  to  prove,  declare. 

Erzeugen  {tr.,  ace,  reft.),  to  beget,  to  generate,  to  engender,  to  dread, 
to  produce,  to  raise. 

Fortzeugen  {reft.,  sep.),  to  generate  continually,  to  multiply,  to  con- 
tinue to  breed;  to  produce. 

tJberzeugen  {tr.,  ace,  gen.,  reft.),  to  satisfy,  to  assure,  to  convince, 
to  persuade,  to  set  at  rest,  to  ascertain,  to  bring  to  conclusion. 

ZIELEN  {tr.,  ace,  intr.),  zielte,  gezielt,  to  aim,  to  level,  to  sight,  to 

score,  to  produce. 
Abzielen  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  aim  at,  to  be  aimed,  pointed,  or  directed 
•     at,  to  have  in  view,   to  have  an  eye  to,  to  gain,  to  win,  to  take 

advantage  of. 
Erzielen  {tr.,  ace),  to  aim  at,  to  obtain,  to  arrive  at,  to  gain,  profit, 

realize,  to  achieve,  to  command. 
Umzielen  {tr.,  sep.),  to  change  position  in  aiming;    to   try  to  score 

in  a  different  way. 
ZIE,MEN  {reft.,  imp.,  intr.),  ziemte,  geziemt,  to  be  suitable,  to  fit, 

befit,  to  suit. 
Geziemen  {intr.,  imp.^  reft.),  to  become,  to  beseem,  to  befit;   to  be 

suitable,  appropriate,  proper,  decent;  to  be  becoming. 


Regular   Verbs.  235 

ZIEREN  (/r.,  refl.),  zierte,  geziert,  to  adom,  grace,  blazon;  to  set  off; 
to  embellish,  decorate,  ornament ;  to  stand  on  ceremony. 
Verzieren  (/r.),  to  deck  out,  decorate,  to  beautify,  grace,  enrich. 

ZINSEN  {tr.,  intr.),  zinste,  gezinst,  to  pay  tribute,  rent  or  interest; 
to  collect,  yield,  bring  in  (rents  or  interests). 
Verzinsen  {tr.,  refl.),  to  pay  interest  for  or  on  something;    to  bear 
or  yield  interest. 

ZISCHEN  (intr.,  hah.),  zischte,  gezischt,  to  hiss,  whiz,  whir;  to  cry, 
hush;    to  sibilate,  assibilate;  to  speak  faintly. 

ZITTERN  {intr.,  hah.,  </a/.),  zitterte,gezittert,  to  tremble,  to  quiver,  to 
shiver,  to  vibrate,  to  falter. 

Aufzittem  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  rise  tremulously,  to  have  a  sudden  shiver, 
to  jump  up  at  a  sudden. 

Erzittem  {intr.,  *),  to  tremble,  to  shake,  to  quiver,  to  be  all  of  a 
tremble,  to  shake  in  every  limb. 

Zusammenzittem  {intr.,  *  sep.),  to  shake  all  over,  to  tremble  over  the 
whole  body. 
ZOGERN  {intr.,  hah.),  zogerte,  gezogert,  to  delay,  to  draw  back,  hesi- 
tate, Hnger;  to  be  tardy,  slow. 

Verzogem  {tr.,  ace,  refl.),  to  delay,  to  put  off,  to  postpone,  to  defer, 
to  adjourn,  to  retard,  to  prolong. 

ZOLLEN  {tr.,  intr.,  dat.),  zoUte,  gezoUt,  to  pay  custom  or  duty;    to 
pay  toll;  to  pay  tribute,  to  show  esteem,  respect;  to  give  one  credit 
for. 
Verzollen  {tr.),  to  clear  at  the  Custom  House,  to  pay  duty  on  some- 
thing. 

ZiJCHTIGEN  {tr.),  ziichtigte,  geziichtigt,  to  punish,  castigate,  cor- 
rect; to  whip,  reprove,  censure;  to  reprimand. 

ZUCKEN  {tr.,  ace),  ziickte,  geziickt,  to  draw  (one's  sword  or  knife 

or  dagger),  to  point  out  a  weapon. 
Entziicken  {tr.,  hah.,  ace),    to   throw    into   rapture,  to  put  into  a 

trance,  into  ecstasy,  to  charm,  delight. 
Verzucken  {tr.,  ace),  to  be  in  ecstasy,  in  rapture;  to  be  delighted. 

ZUCKEN  {intr.,  hah.,  tr.),  zuckte,  gezuckt,  to  jerk,  to  become  con- 
vulsed, to  be  convulsed,  to  twitch,  to  quiver,  to  wince. 

Aufzucken  {intr.,  tr.,  sep.),  to  rise  in  a  sudden,  to  jump  up  in  a  con- 
vulsive motion;    to  raise  with  a  start. 

Zusammenzucken  {intr.,  sep.),  to  jerk  or  tremble  all  over,  to  become 
contracted  or  convulsed. 

ZUCKEKPT  {tr.),  zuckerte,  gezuckert,  to  sugar;  to  sweeten  with. 
Verzuckem   {tr.,  intr.),   to   candy;    to  sugar  over;    to    ice;    to  put 
too  much  sugar  on ;  to  turn  to  sugar;  to  saccharify. 


236  Regular   Verbs. 

ZtJRNEN  (intr.,   dat.,  tr.),  ziimte,  geziimt,  to  be  angry,  to  be  in 
wrath,  to  be  cross,  vexed,  excited. 
Erziimen  {tr.,  hah.,  refl.,  intr.,  *  ace),  to  make  angry,  to  irritate,  to 

chafe,  to  incense,  to  provoke,  to  exasperate. 
Hinziimen  {intr.,  5e/>.),  to  continue  angry,  to  continue  being  in  wrath, 

in  anger,  to  continue  cross. 
Nachziimen  {intr.,  dat.,  sep.),  to  be  vexed,  to  continue  to  be  vexed. 
ZWEIFELN  {intr.,  hah.),  zweifelte,  gezweifelt,  to  doubt,  to  be  skep- 
tical, dubious,  to  be  despaired,  to  waver,  to  hesitate. 
Anzweifeln  {tr.,  ace,  sep.),  to  call  in  question,  to  discredit,  to  sus- 
pect, to  impeach. 
Bezweifeln  {tr.,  ace),  to  query,  to  question,  to  disbelieve,  to  suspect. 
Verzweifeln  {intr.),  to  despair,  to  be  broken-hearted;  to  be  wild. 
ZWEIGEN  {intr.,  refl.),  zweigte,  gezweigt,  to  branch;  to  ramify. 
Verzweigen  {intr.,  tr.,  refl.),  to   send  out  branches;    to  ramify;    to 
branch  out. 
ZWICKEN  {tr.),  zwickte,  gezwickt,  to  pinch,  twinge,  tweak;   to  tor- 
ture; to  harass;  to  trim;  to  twinkle. 
Verzwicken  {tr.),  to  twist  or  entangle  something;   to  be  queer,  diffi- 
cult, delicate,  intricate. 


$> 


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APR    21970  51 

rIeC'DLD  may  187d-10AM6  6 


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LD  21-lOOm  9,'47(A5702sl6)476 


MAY  3  1 


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JUN  2  8  74 


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